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Planning Form for the Argument Paper
Writing the Introduction
3rd person point of view
(No “you” or “we” or “I”)
Keep your audience in mind:
don’t define terms the
audience already knows.
Issue Question:
Length: 7-8 sentences
Quotes should be 1-2
sentences only.
(Week 12: November 13-November 15)
Opening Sentence: Begin with a sentence about your topic that catches the
reader’s attention and it relates to the topic. Do not define a term the audience
knows.
Avoid the following: meaningless platitudes (Studies show…); the dawn of man
(Since the beginning of time…); Webster’s dictionary (Technology is changing
our world….blah, blah, blah….); too broad: everyone is affected by
technology….
Provide Some Background: Set the stage for the paper by including the answers
to: What? Who? Why? How? When? Where? You need to provide information
that lays the groundwork for the thesis statement. There should be a background
paragraph that follows the introduction to further set the stage for your argument.
Issue Question: Include the issue question that your essay takes a position on.
Thesis Statement: This is the last sentence of your introduction. Your thesis
statement should include a claim of value OR a claim of policy. Do not include
reasons in the thesis statement.
Background Paragraph
Background Paragraph:
Establish the importance of the
topic.
One table to support the
importance of the topic and
issue. Googleimage.com
1. 7-9 sentences and third person point of view.
2. Use this paragraph to reinforce and provide information that will help
3.
4.
5.
6.
Body Paragraphs:
Organize the reasons that
support the thesis (M): Leastto-Most Important
Length: 8-10 sentences
Evidence: 1-2 sources per
paragraph depends on the length
of the quote: A quote of 2-3
sentences—two quotes. A block
quote: 4-6 sentences. Only 1
block quote per paragraph.
Note: If there are 2 quotes in a
paragraph before inserting the
second one, include 1 context
sentence: In addition there is
another source to support the
main reason.
establish the importance of the issue and the topic.
Do not include a list of reasons in this paragraph.
There is one source–a chart/table that establishes the importance of why
this topic and issue is important today.
The table is correctly formatted: MLA information is directly below the
chart, single spaced and analysis follows which is flushed to the left margin.
Google Image.com is a search engine for a table.
M-context sentence-E-A-L
M= Transition + Reason. Do not include any evidence in the topic sentence. Use
transitions that indicate the order of the reason: First, Second, Third, Fourth
Context Sentence: Follow main point with 1 sentence that further explains the
reasons and sets up for the evidence to prove and support the reason.
Evidence: Each of your reasons needs to be supported by relevant evidence. You
select the evidence that will best support your position. Evidence must come from
library research and reliable sources. For a quote of 2-3 sentences there can be two
different quotes. Only 1 block quote of 4-6 sentences in one paragraph. Introduce all
sources with an appropriate signal phrase, cite it, and then follow with the analysis.
Citation: At the end and not in the middle of the sentence.
Analysis: After the citation for the evidence explain how this proves and supports the
reason. DON’T SKIP THIS! (1-2 sentences).Last Sentence: End with a sentence
that bridges/transitions to the next reason/body paragraph. (1 sentence).
The Opposing View Paragraph
The one opposing source
should be a 2-3 sentence quote
and the refutation quote should
only be 2-3 sentence quote.
8-10 sentences:
M: Begin with an appropriate transition: on the other hand, there are some who
oppose…)-.
Context: Explains further the topic sentence and leads to the evidence to support
the opposing view.
No block quotes.
E: Opposing View: One quote: 2-3 sentences, (cite it) and then explain it—(1
sentence)
*There is only one opposing source in this paragraph.
Refutation of the opposing
view.
Transition: Use a transition that signals your refutation. However in
refutation…
8-10 sentences.
Refutation: One Quote: 2-3 sentences. Begin by showing how the opposing
source’s claim is not acceptable or weak. This quote must prove that the
opposing view is not valid.
1 opposing paragraph.
CONCLUSION
7-8 sentences
Use third person point of
view
L: End the paragraph with a Last sentence that sums up the purpose of this
paragraph/argument.
Main Purpose:
(1) Begin with an appropriate transition—Avoid “In conclusion,” or “To sum up.” Then
include your thesis statement.
(2) Summarize each reason made in the paper in a separate sentence—do not put the
reasons in the same sentence. Use appropriate transitions: First, second, third and
fourth.
(3) Reaffirm the significance of your thesis or argument.
Avoid:
Introducing new points, new quotations, or new evidence.
Works Cited 10-15 sources)—Follow MLA 9th Style Format
Works Cited/Annotated
Bibliography
1. Arrange in alphabetical
order: last name, first.
2. Double space.
3. First line is at the 1” margin
and subsequent lines are
indented .5 and double spaced.
4. The annotated bibliography
is a full 1 inch margin and
summarizes briefly (2-3
sentences) the how and why the
source helped you answer your
issue question. Use present
tense.[8-15 sources].
Angell, Marcia. “Physician-Assisted Suicide Should Be Legal.” Euthanasia.
Editor Sylvia Engdahl, 2007, pp.78-84.
An article describes that when a person, especially those who suffer from
chronic and debilitating diseases, realizes that his or her demise is
inevitably, the dying process can be a tormenting journey. As a physician,
Marcia Angell agreed that physician-assisted suicide should be an option
for terminally ill patients.
Department of Health. “Electronic Health Records.” Dept. of Health Services,
2016, http://www.healthit.gov.
This is a brief overview of the benefits of electronic health records. This
report provides benefits not only to physicians but to families and those
who need medical information when traveling.
Writing Effective Paragraphs for the Argument Paper: M-c-E-A-L Format
(M) Main Idea: The topic sentence states the main point of the paragraph. A good topic sentence should be a
single idea (a reason) that proves the thesis statement. It should not include evidence: a quote.
Context sentence: This is one sentence that follows the topic sentence that explains/defines the main point and
its importance to supporting the thesis statement.
Evidence: All quotations must be introduced with a signal phrase and a present tense verb. The number of
quotations per paragraph is determined and defined by the assignment. Generally a short quote is 2-3 sentences
and a block quote is limited to 4-6 sentences. There should be a parenthetical citation at the end of all quotes.
The information for the citation is determined by the type of source. If a journal article, then a page number. If
the source does not have a page number, use the title of the article enclosed within quotation marks. Placement
of the end period either before or after the citation is determined by the length of the quote. A short quote of 2-3
sentences, the period is placed after the citation. For a block quote of 4-6 sentences the period is placed after
the last word and right before the citation. (Refer to the sample argument paper).
Analysis: All quotes must be explained and analyzed. This is an important step. After citing the quote, follow
with 1-2 sentences that explain how and why your quote/evidence supports the main idea in the topic sentence.
Last sentence: End the paragraph with a sentence that prepares your reader to transition to the next paragraph.
Sample Paragraph: From a student argument paper on Electronic Health Records
First of all, the electronic health record offers interoperability. This means that this is the ability to
communicate with and be available to multiple end users, in different locations, simultaneously and something
the paper-based record could never do. According to Susan Zandieh et al., “Electronic health records (EHRs)
permit electronic documentation of current and historical health, tests, referrals and medical treatments as well
as enabling practitioners to order tests and medications electronically. EHR systems have the potential to
improve communication between physicians and patients by making data more readily available” (755).
Availability of data, as Zandieh et al., points out has the power to improve the flow of information to and from
the provider’s office for quicker results, decision making and recommendations for the patients. Furthermore,
there is another source to support this claim. Cheryl Safarty explains, “The value gained from carefully
researching and employing electronic health records system is worth the investment, especially for oncologists,
who are managing a gravely sick patient population. The U.S. Oncology Network is one of many oncologybased organizations that advocate the use of healthcare information technology, encouraging physicians to
embrace the array of benefits that lead to few errors, better targeted care and improved outcomes, and
interoperability” (“The Truth About Electronic Health Records”). Thus Safarty reinforces and supports that
idea that EHRs will benefit physicians and thus improve interoperability. Furthermore, having this real-time
access not only improves communication but it is part of the inevitable change due to technology.
Knight 1
Drone Knight
Professor Kauffman
English 1, Section 1956
2 December 2023
The Benefits of Drones in Cinematography
Drones have emerged as a groundbreaking tool in the field of cinematography,
revolutionizing the way filmmakers capture captivating visuals and transforming the landscape
of visual storytelling. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have introduced unprecedented
possibilities, enabling filmmakers to achieve shots that were once logistically and financially
challenging. As the drone technology advances ever more, with it grows the filmmakers interest
to elevate and bring forth their art-form. Thus the issue question that is the basis of this argument
for the drones in filming industry: does drone technology benefit the film Industry? The art of
cinematography has always relied on innovative technologies to push the boundaries of visual
storytelling. Thus, drones benefit the film industry.
To start with, from the early days of motion pictures to the advancements of digital
filmmaking, each era has witnessed the introduction of tools and techniques that have reshaped
the way stories are brought to life on the screen. Drones, with their maneuverability and
versatility, represent the latest breakthrough in this evolution. In the past few years the growth of
drone usage in the film industry has risen exponentially. Furthermore, according to Grand View
Research, “The media & entertainment segment accounted for the largest market share of around
25.0% in 2022 and is expected to grow over the forecast period. Drones have numerous
applications in media and entertainment. Professional drones are now being used by filmmakers
for the most cost-effective and exact frame capture possible” (“U.S. Commercial Drone
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Market”). This information reaffirms the importance of how drones are benefiting the
filmmaking industry.
Figure 1
U.S. Commercial Drone Market
“U.S. Commercial Drone Market” Grand View Research, 2023,
https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/global-commercial-drones-market
As the chart table shows, the advent of drone technology has democratized aerial
cinematography, offering numerous beneficial applications for the filmmaking industry and their
usage is expected to grow further.
First of all, the drone technology offer cost efficiency and accessibility. This means that
the advent of drone technology has democratized aerial cinematography, offering a cost-effective
and accessible alternative to capture breathtaking visuals from previously unimaginable
perspectives. As the author states,”Giant cranes, helicopters, and the like were necessary to get a
similar perspective in the past. These would often cost upwards of $25,000. But drones are only
a few thousand dollars to purchase and easy to fly” (“How Drones Are Being Used In The Film
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Industry”). As the article discusses, drones provide greater flexibility, mobility, and costeffectiveness compared to traditional methods, allowing filmmakers to enhance storytelling and
create visually captivating scenes. Furthermore, according to the Insuremydrone website,
“Drones are also far more financially accessible to amateur filmmakers and photographers. As a
result, more people are able to create stunning works of art that they may not have otherwise
been able to accomplish with their limited resources” (“The Future of Drones in the
Entertainment Industry”). Thus, as this source validates, drones reduce production costs. Also,
drones will unlock new creative possibilities, empowering filmmakers to tell stories in visually
captivating ways.
Second, drones provide freedom for the filmmakers with unprecedented enhanced
creativity and unique perspectives. They allow for dynamic shots from previously inaccessible
angles, such as sweeping aerial panoramas or breathtaking top-down perspectives. According to
Stephanie Zacharek “Drones, as of now operable only by humans, tell us what humans find
visually interesting. Drones are practical, but like any tool wielded by humans—pencil or
paintbrush or maestro’s baton—there’s poetry in them too. Because of this, more and more,
drones are finding their way into the art world” (”How Drones Are Revolutionizing the Way
Film”). As Zacherek affirms there are endless possibilities from which directors can choose to
capture a story with the drone technology that has become an important cinematic tool available
to a filmmaker. In additional, there is another source to emphasize the increased creative freedom
offered by drones. Furthermore, Frank Segarra, writes, “Aerial shots are used to capture the
surroundings from a high altitude. Drones can easily fly at different heights and angles,
providing filmmakers with a variety of aerial shots that can be used to showcase the beauty of
the location or provide an interesting perspective for the audience” (“Drone Cinematography:
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How Technology Has Changed”). Segarra emphasizes, this unique vantage point adds depth to
storytelling, enabling viewers to experience a new dimension of cinematic immersion. Besides
allowing the freedom for new creative and perspective, drone technology also offer more safety
and reduce the risk in filmmaking process.
Thirdly, with improvement in technology, drones offer safety measures and minimize
risks in filmmaking industry. In the past, certain shots, such as high-altitude aerials or dangerous
action sequences, put crew members at risk. According to, Darryl Duzak, aerial cinematographer
and pilot at Skyline Studio “On a set, safety is the number one focus, and in the past aerial shots
were traditionally shot by either a crane or a helicopter. Not only were helicopters more
technically limited in the shots they could capture, they also posed more risk to human safety.
with a drone, many of those safety risks are eliminated and any potential risks are made much
smaller in scale and impact” (“How Drones are taking Over Hollywood”). Duzak asserts that
drones and their operators offer great safety is another critical issue that drone technology helps
to reduce the hazards. In additional, there is another source that proves that safety is one of the
main advantages of using drones for cinematography. Furthermore, the editorial piece on
ts2.shop explains, “Drones can be operated without the need for a pilot, eliminating the risk of
personnel being injured in the air. Additionally, drones can be programmed to stay within a
designated area, reducing the risk of the drone crashing. This allows filmmakers to focus on
achieving their creative vision while eliminating the need to worry about safety” ( ”What Are
The Benefits of Using Drones”). As the author emphasizes, drones eliminate or minimize these
risks by allowing filmmakers to capture footage remotely, ensuring the safety of both the crew
and performers. Not only is there the assurance of safety and reduced risks by usage of the
drones, there is possibilities of time-saving and efficiency in the process.
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Fourth and most importantly, with drone technology is easier to streamline the
filmmaking process by making possible for time-saving and efficiency. Setting up traditional
aerial equipment can be time-consuming and logistically challenging. Drones offer quick
deployment and ease of operation, allowing for efficient production schedules. Nick Cast writes
“Drones have continuously continued to prove how useful they can be. Compared to traditional
filming, where they had to set up filming equipment, the drone is relatively easy to set up. Just
mount the camera, and you’re ready to fly, and you’ll have a shorter filming time, saving more
time for editing and marketing the films” (“Role of Drones In Film-Making”). Cast asserts that,
drones have revolutionized filmmaking by offering filmmakers the ability to capture unique and
dynamic shots from various angles and perspectives. Furthermore, there is one more source. In
her press release, Jigabot co-founder Donna Root states. “In essence, for the first time ever,
independent filmmakers will now have the ability to shoot a scene without a crew for operating
small cameras, microphones, or lights,’ continued,’ AIMe points your camera, so you can be in
the moment” (qtd. in Ornelas). As Root explains, drones are quick to deploy, requiring minimal
setup time, and can be easily operated by a skilled pilot, allowing for efficient production
schedules. Alas, even with the numerous benefits that drones provide in cinematography,
opponents argue that the ease and speed of deploying drones compromise the attention to detail
and artistry in filmmaking. Even though drones offer numerous benefits in cinematography, there
are those who are opposed to their use.
However, there is an opposing view that there is the possibility of “drone overload” in the
sky. Consequently as the opposing view asserts that drones contribute to public safety and create
issues with violating people’s privacy. Hillary Farber, U of M Professor, explains, “As of June
2021, some 871,000 drones were in use in the United States, about 41% commercially and 59%
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recreationally, with more than 231,000 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certified remote
pilots. There is no other technology that is as accessible to the general public and poses as
tangible a threat to privacy and safety as the drone” (qtd. in Sandgrund and Levy). As Farber
points out, public safety and privacy are valid concerns that need to be addressed, especially
when drones couldn’t be used as an exploitation tool, it’s crucial. However, in refutation of this,
Carolyn Giardinain her article writes, “The FAA already is working on a proposed set of rules
specifically developed for users of small — less than 55 pounds — aircraft that it expects to
complete later this year. Although the FAA has not yet determined what those regulations might
entail, they could be applied to drones used in filming because many digital cameras are getting
smaller and lighter as the technology advances” (“Drones in Movie Shoots”). Giardina affirms
that, the concerns about public safety and privacy are valid but can be effectively addressed
through proper regulations and responsible drone operators with licenses. However, taking all the
aforementioned into consideration and with more regulation in place from drone usage, the
privacies will be protected.
All in all, thus, drones benefit the film industry. First, drones offer an affordable and
accessible alternative, reducing production costs and enabling independent filmmakers to
achieve high-quality aerial shots without breaking the bank. Second of all, drones provide
filmmakers with unprecedented creative freedom. They allow for dynamic shots from previously
inaccessible angles, such as sweeping aerial panoramas or breathtaking top-down perspectives.
Third, drones have improved safety measures in filmmaking. They eliminate or minimize these
risks by allowing filmmakers to capture footage remotely, ensuring the safety of both the crew
and performers. Fourth, drones significantly streamline the filming process. They are quick to
deploy, requiring minimal setup time, and can be easily operated by a skilled pilot, allowing for
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efficient production schedules. Thus, by embracing the potential of drones and continually
pushing the boundaries of creativity, the world of cinematography can continue to evolve and
captivate audiences with visually stunning video storytelling projects, and continue to grow
artistically the future of filmmaking industry.
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Works Cited
Cast, Nick. “Role of Drones in Film-Making: The Complete Guide.” Remote Flyer, 25 Feb,
2023, https://www.remoteflyer.com.
In his article, the author provides an in-depth overview of the role of drones in the
film industry. It explores the technical aspects of using drones in film production,
including camera stabilization, flight planning, and safety regulations, providing a
comprehensive guide for filmmakers interested in utilizing drones in their
projects.
Giardina, Carolyn. “Drones in Movie Shoots: Debate Rages Despite Safety Claims, Cost
Savings.” The Hollywood Reporter, 27 June, 2014, https://www.hollywoodreporter.com.
The author highlights the conflicting opinions within the industry and suggests
that the discussion surrounding the use of drones in movies. It explores the
ongoing debate surrounding the use of drones in film production. While drones
offer potential safety benefits and cost savings compared to traditional methods,
concerns are raised regarding their reliability, potential accidents, and regulatory
challenges.
“How Drones Are Being Used In The Film Industry.” BRWC, 22 Aug, 2019,
https://battleroyalewithcheese.com.
The author explores the increasing utilization of drones in the film industry.
It discusses the use of drones in the film industry while highlighting the
advantages they offer, such as capturing dynamic aerial shots, increasing
production efficiency and reducing costs.
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“How Drones Are Taking Over Hollywood.” Dr Drone, 16 Sept, 2016, https://drdrone.com.
The author suggests that the accessibility and maneuverability of drones have
opened up new creative possibilities for filmmakers, making them safer to use in
comparison to the traditional methods, and leading to breathtaking visuals and
immersive storytelling in movies.
Ornelas, Stephanie. “To Fly or Not to Fly, That’s Not the Question.” Sundance, 20 May, 2022,
https://www.sundance.org.
The article explores the potential risks and concerns associated with drone use,
such as invasion of privacy, noise pollution, and safety issues. It emphasizes the
importance of responsible and mindful drone operation, urging filmmakers to
consider the ethical implications and ensure compliance with regulations to
maintain a balance between capturing stunning visuals and respecting the rights
and well-being of individuals and communities.
Sandgrund, Ron & Levy, Mark. “Privacy concerns in the era of drones” 15 June, 2021,
https://www.videomaker.com.
The article discusses how drones have the potential to infringe upon individuals’
privacy by capturing sensitive information or invading personal spaces. It
emphasizes the need for clear regulations and guidelines to mitigate privacy risks
and protect the rights of individuals in the face of advancing drone technology.
Segarra, Frank. “Drone Cinematography: How Technology Has Changed the Way We See the
World.” Connexicore, 5 Apr. 2023, https://connexicore.com.
In this article, the author, touches upon the creative possibilities offered by
drones, the impact on filmmaking techniques, and the ways in which aerial
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perspectives have enhanced our visual understanding of different environments,
and how they provide greater flexibility, mobility.
“The Future of Drones in the Entertainment Industry.” Insure My Drone, 24 Aug, 2018,
https://insuremydrone.net.
The article with was published from Insuremydrone.net, provides insights into the
anticipated developments and implications of drones in the entertainment sector.
Offering alternative to traditional methods, allowing filmmakers to unleash their
creativity and enhance the visual appeal of their projects.
“What Are The Benefits Of Using Drones In The Film Industry?” TS2, 2019, https://ts2.shop.
The author explores the advantages of incorporating drones into filmmaking. It
elaborates their versatility, maneuverability, and asserting that they provide
flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced safety measures, making them an
increasingly popular tool in the film industry.
Zacharek, Stephanie. “How Drones Are Revolutionizing the Way Film and Television Is Made.”
Time, 31 May, 2018, https://time.com.
In Time magazine, the author explores the transformative impact of drones on the
film and television industry. The article discusses how drones have introduced
new possibilities and how is being used in recent movies, allowing filmmakers to
enhance storytelling and create visually captivating scenes and the benefits that it
provides for and movie studios.
How to Format the Thesis Statement
An issue question is at the center of an argument paper. It is a question that people choose a side to
and then present reasons and relevant evidence to support and to prove one’s position to the issue
question. In the argument paper there will also be an acknowledgment of an opposing view and a
refutation of the opposing view.
Example of an Issue Question: Should U.S. universities replace printed textbooks with eBooks?
The thesis statement is the position you will take on the issue question that frames the argument. The thesis
statement must include only one type of claim. There are however, two different basic types of claims that a
thesis statement can make: A claim of policy or a claim of value. There should only be one (1) type of claim in
a thesis statement.
Here are two thesis statements that include examples of the two different claims:
(1) A Claim of Policy: A thesis statement with a claim of policy argues that a certain condition must be
changed or adopted (implemented). An example of a thesis statement with a claim of policy for the
above issue question:
Example: Thus, U.S. universities and colleges should replace printed textbooks with eBooks.
(2) A Claim of Value: A thesis statement with a claim of value argues that something is good or bad,
right or wrong, or worthwhile or worthless. An example of a thesis statement with a claim of value
for the above issue question:
Example: Thus, eBooks will benefit all U.S. higher education and students.
An Effective Thesis statement should not include the following:
1. Does not include a list of reasons; it makes the paper too predictable
2. Does not include the word “because.” Makes a statement of fact and it is not arguable.
3. Does not include a question: A thesis statement should not be a question.
4. Does not make an announcement. “This paper will argue that online education benefits universities.”
5. Does not include abstract language such as (“interesting,”). Use concrete language.
6. Does not include a broad topic. “Technology is improving education.”
____________________________________________________________________________
Reasons are statements of logic that support the thesis statement. An effective strategy to brainstorm reasons is to
think of your reasons as “because” clauses attached to your thesis statement. Organize the reasons from least
important to most important.
Thesis Statement: Thus U.S. universities should replace printed textbooks with eBooks. When generating
reasons to support your thesis statement begin your brainstorming with the word “because.” Use this as a strategy
to generate reasons and to help with research for evidence. Do not include “because” in the topic sentences.
1. Because eBooks help the visually impaired.
2. Because students are now able to highlight text, add electronic sticky notes, insert and extract chapters.
3. Because it is cost efficient.
4. Because it improves quality of instruction.
Evidence–Evidence will come from research. Evidence such as facts, statistics, examples, expert
opinions, examples, authorities, and articles must be current, objective, authoritative, accurate, and
present coverage relevant to your argument.
Addressing Opposing View: Include one opposing view to the main argument to show that your position is
stronger.
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