Description
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Instructions
For your Theories and Ethics assignment, use the Capella library and course readings to locate a minimum of five peer-reviewed journal articles (published within the last 10 years) that discuss a biological psychology topic of interest to you (the same topic you used for your Week 2 assignment). For example, you might be interested in:
Neurobiology of Ecstasy (MDMA) abuse.
Progression of reading ability in a child diagnosed with autism.
Effectiveness of a new drug to treat depression.
You are not limited to these topics but may choose one of these if you are interested. They are listed to help give you an idea of types of appropriate topics.
Use the following outline to organize your paper:
Introduction:
Describe the topic of the paper.
Theory:
Describe the theory used in the articles you chose.
Explain how the theories are applied to the topic and to the research findings.
Ethics:
Describe the ethical behaviors used by the researchers of the studies. (For example, how did they protect the participants?)
Explain how these ethical behaviors can be used in your life.
Paper Requirements
Format: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA style and formatting. Use the APA Paper Template [DOCX] Download APA Paper Template [DOCX]. In the final section of the assignment you are asked to apply the theories and principles of biological psychology to your own life and career. In this portion of the assignment, first-person language is acceptable; in other sections, the third-person rule continues to apply.
Number of resources: Minimum of 5–7 peer-reviewed journal articles.
Length of paper: 3–5 typed, double-spaced pages.
Font and font size: Times new Roman, 12 point.
Written communication: Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.
Submit the Theories and Ethics assignment by Sunday.
Competencies Measured
By successfully completing this assignment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and grading criteria:
Competency 2: Apply psychological theories to topics in biological psychology.
Describe the theory used in articles.
Explain how theories are applied to a topic and to research findings.
Competency 3: Apply scholarly research findings to topics in biological psychology.
Use scholarly sources to support major points.
Competency 4: Apply theory and scholarly research findings to inform professional and personal ethics, values and behavior.
Describe the ethical behaviors used by researchers of studies.
Explain how ethical behaviors can be used in one’s life.
Competency 5: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and consistent with expectations for professionals in the field of psychology.
Address assignment purpose in a well-organized text, incorporating appropriate evidence and tone in grammatically sound sentences.
Use APA format and style with appropriate headings.
Requirements: exact
Unformatted Attachment Preview
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Note: The explanatory text in this paper template is provided to help you understand the
different parts of an APA paper. After reading the information, please delete it, and use the
paper as a template for your own papers. In the various areas of the paper, such as the
titles, you may wish to edit the text with your own information for your paper instead of
deleting it, in order to keep the correct format. Save this template in a file for future use
and information.
Page 1 begins on the cover page. The entire document should be double-spaced, have 1-inch
margins on all sides, and use 12-point, Times New Roman font.
Full Title of Your Paper
Learner’s Full Name
School, Capella University
Course Number and Name
Instructor Name
Due Date
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Abstract
NOTE: An Abstract is only required when the instructions of the assignment specifically
direct you to create one. An abstract is a brief, comprehensive summary of the contents of a
paper. It allows readers to quickly review the key elements of a paper without having to read the
entire document. This can be helpful for readers who are searching for specific information and
may be reviewing many documents. The abstract may be one of the most important paragraphs
in a paper because readers often decide if they will read the document based on information in
the abstract. An abstract may not be required in some academic papers; however, it can still be
an effective method of gaining the reader’s attention. The following sentences serve as an
example of what could be composed as an abstract for this paper: The basic elements of APA
style will be reviewed, including formatting of an APA-style paper, in-text citations, and a
reference list. Additional information will address the components of an introduction, how to
write effective paragraphs using the MEAL plan, and elements of a summary and conclusion
section of a paper.
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APA Style Paper Template: A Resource for Academic Writing
(Please change the titles in this document to fit your paper.)
American Psychological Association (APA) style is most commonly used to cite sources
within the social sciences. APA style is used when writing papers in the psychology programs
offered at Capella University. This document serves as an APA style template for you to use
when writing your own papers, as well as a resource containing valuable information that can be
used when writing academic papers. For more information on APA style, refer to the Publication
Manual of the American Psychological Association (American Psychological Association
[APA], 2020).
In the first section of this paper, the author demonstrates how an introduction effectively
introduces the reader to the topic of the paper. In APA style, an introduction never gets a
heading. For example, this section does not begin with a heading titled “Introduction,” unlike the
following section, which is titled “Writing an Effective Introduction.” The following section will
explain in greater detail a model that can be used to effectively write an introduction in an
academic paper. The remaining sections of the paper will continue to address APA style and
effective writing concepts including section headings, organizing information, the MEAL plan,
the conclusion, and the reference list.
Writing an Effective Introduction
An effective introduction often consists of four main components, including (a) the
position statement, thesis, or hypothesis, which describes the author’s main position; (b) the
purpose, which outlines the objective of the paper; (c) the background, which contains general
information needed to understand the content of the paper; and (d) the approach, which is the
process or methodology the author uses to achieve the purpose of the paper. This information
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will help readers understand what will be discussed in the paper. It can also serve as a tool to
grab the reader’s attention. Authors may choose to briefly reference sources that will be
identified later in the paper, as in this example (APA, 2020; APA, 2010; Walker, 2008).
In an introduction, the writer often presents something of interest to capture the reader’s
attention and introduce the issue. Adding an obvious statement of purpose helps the reader know
what to expect while helping the writer to focus and stay on task. For example, this paper will
address several components necessary to effectively write an academic paper, including (a) how
to write an introduction, (b) how to write effective paragraphs using the MEAL plan, and (c) how
to properly use APA style.
Level 1 Section Heading Is Centered, Bold, Upper, and Lowercase
Using section headings is an effective method of organizing an academic paper. Section
headings can significantly improve the quality of a paper. This is accomplished because section
headings help both the reader and the author with the organization of ideas and flow of the work.
Level 2 Section Heading is Flush Left, Bold, Upper, and Lowercase
The heading style recommended by APA consists of five levels (APA, 2020). This
document contains two levels to demonstrate how headings are structured according to APA
style. Immediately before the previous paragraph, a Level 1 Section Heading was used. That
section heading describes how a Level 1 Heading should be written, which is centered and bold,
using upper- and lowercase letters. For another example, see the section heading “Writing an
Effective Introduction,” on page 3 of this document. A Level 2 heading is used when there are
subcategories under a Level 1 topic. For example, you may have a Level 1 heading of Theories,
and then subcategories (Level 2 sections) of Behavioral Theory, Cognitive Theory, and
Psychodynamic Theory. You made not always need Level 2 headings in your work.
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Section Headings Help the Reader
Section headings serve multiple purposes, including (a) helping the reader understand
what is being addressed in each section, (b) helping readers, who may be more likely to maintain
an interest in the paper, and (c) helping readers choose what they want to read. For example, if
the reader of this document wants to learn more about writing an effective introduction, the
previous section heading clearly states that is where information can be found. When subtopics
are needed to explain concepts in greater detail, different levels of headings are used according to
APA style.
Section Headings Help the Author
Section headings do not only help the reader but also can help the author organize the
document during the writing process. Section headings can help arrange topics in a logical order,
and they can help an author manage the length of the paper. In addition to an effective
introduction and the use of section headings, each paragraph of an academic paper can be written
in a manner that helps the reader stay engaged. Capella University promotes the use of the
MEAL plan to serve this purpose.
The MEAL Plan
The MEAL plan is a model used by Capella University to help learners effectively
compose academic discussions and papers. Each component of the MEAL plan is critical to
writing an effective paragraph. The acronym MEAL is based on four components of a paragraph
(M = Main point, E = Evidence or Example, A = Analysis, and L = Link). The following section
includes a detailed description and examples of each component of the MEAL plan.
When writing the content sections of an academic paper (as opposed to the introduction
or conclusion sections), the MEAL plan can be an effective model for designing each paragraph.
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A paragraph begins with a description of the main point, which is represented by the letter “M”
of the MEAL plan. For example, the first sentence of this paragraph clearly states that the main
point is a discussion of the MEAL plan. Once the main point has been made, evidence and
examples are provided.
The second component of a paragraph contains evidence or examples, which are
represented by the letter “E” in the MEAL plan. An example of this component is actually this
sentence, which provides an example of an example. Evidence can be in the form of expertopinion and findings from research. For example, evidence shows that plagiarism can occur even
when it is not intended if sources are not properly cited (Marsh et al., 1997; Walker, 2008). The
previous sentence provides evidence supporting why evidence is used in a paragraph.
Analysis, which is represented by the letter “A” of the MEAL plan, should be based on
the author’s interpretation of the evidence. An effective analysis might include a discussion of the
strengths and weaknesses of the arguments, as well as the author’s interpretations of the evidence
and examples. If a quote is used, the author should provide an analysis of the quote and the
specific point it makes for the author’s position. Without an analysis, the reader might not
understand why the author discussed the information that the reader just read. For example, the
previous sentence is an analysis by the author of why an analysis is performed when writing
paragraphs in academic papers. Even with the first three elements of the MEAL plan, it would
not be complete without the final component.
The letter “L” of the MEAL plan refers to information that links the current and the
subsequent paragraphs. The link helps the reader understand what will be discussed in the next
paragraph. It summarizes the author’s reasoning and shows how the paragraph fits together and
leads (that is, links) to the next section of the paper. For example, this sentence might explain
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that once the MEAL plan has been effectively used when writing the body of an academic paper,
the final section is the summary and conclusion section.
Summary and Conclusion
A summary and conclusion section, which can also be the discussion section of an APAstyle paper, is the final opportunity for the author to make a lasting impression on the reader. The
author can begin by restating positions and summarizing the most important points that have
been presented in the paper. It is not a place to introduce new information that was not presented
previously in the paper. For example, this paper was written to demonstrate to readers how to
effectively use APA style when writing academic papers. Various components of an APA-style
paper that were discussed or displayed in the form of examples include a title page, introduction
section, levels of section headings and their use, in-text citations, the MEAL plan, a conclusion,
and the references list.
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References
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological
Association (7th ed.). Author.
American Psychological Association. (2010). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of
conduct. http://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx
Marsh, R. L., Landau, J. D., & Hicks, J. L. (1997). Contributions of inadequate source
monitoring to unconscious plagiarism during idea generation. Journal of Experimental
Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23(4), 886–897. doi:10.1037/02787393.23.4.886
Walker, A. L. (2008). Preventing unintentional plagiarism: A method for strengthening
paraphrasing skills. Journal of Instructional Psychology, 35(4), 387–395.
http://search.proquest.com/docview/213904438?accountid=27965
Always begin a reference list on a new page. Use a hanging indent after the first line of each
reference. The reference list is in alphabetical order by the author’s last name. A reference list
contains only sources that are cited in the body of the paper, and all sources cited in the body of
the paper must be contained in the reference list.
When a digital object identifier (DOI) is available for a journal article, it should be placed at the
end of the citation. If a DOI is not available, a uniform resource locator (URL) should be used.
The Marsh, Landau, and Hicks (1997) reference is an example of how to cite a source using a
DOI. The Walker (2008) reference is an example of how to cite a source using a URL.
REMINDER: Delete all unneeded placeholder text from your paper. This may include
unnecessary headings and explanatory content such as the paragraphs above.
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