Description
please provide a positive feedback with reference for each discussion ( 2 in total )
Amanda
Introduction
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) was first developed in the 1960’s by Aaron Beck (Suma et al, 2023). Since then, it has had been found to be effective in outcomes for psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, phobias, personality disorders, substance abuse disorders and eating disorder along with adjunct therapy pharmacology in more serious mental heal conditions such as bipolar and schizophrenia disorders (Suma et al, 2023). CBT can be used and adapted to suit all ages including children, adolescents, adults, couples, and families (Suma et al, 2023).
In group psychotherapy the interactions between the group member act as the vehicle for change, in CBT group psychotherapy the CBT acts as an active ingredient that facilitates the relationship between the group members, it is directive structured and time-limited (Whitfield, 2018).
The CBT model is based on the relationships among cognition, emotions, and behaviors (Suma et al, 2023). Cognition has three components automatic thoughts, cognitive distortions, and underlying beliefs or schemas. Automatic thoughts are the individual’s immediate action or emotion in response to an event, they are often exaggerated, distorted and unrealistic (Suma et al, 2023). Cognitive distortions are errors in logic that often lead to the wrong conclusions that includes dichotomous thinking over generalization, selectively removing and disqualifying the positive, assumptions and presumption about the interaction along with minimizing and catastrophizing the reaction (Suma et al, 2023). The underlying belief is the perception that shapes the interpretation of the events usually a belief system based on life experiences defined as core beliefs and intermediate beliefs core beliefs are the central ideas about self and the world, they are typically rigid and overgeneralized, intermediate beliefs consist of attitudes assumptions and rules typically influenced by their core beliefs (Suma et al 2023).
There are several types of cognitive behavioral therapies based on identifying and changing distorted thought patterns, emotional responses, and behaviors (Cherry, 2023). Dialectical behavior therapy that addresses the destructive or disturbing thoughts and behaviors through regulating emotions and mindfulness, and multimodal therapy which addresses seven different but interconnected modalities such as behavior, affect, imagery, sensation, cognition, interpersonal factors, and drug and biological considerations (Cherry, 2023). Rational emotional behavior therapy REBT involves identifying irrational beliefs challenging those beliefs and learning to recognize and change the thought patterns.
CBT in different settings
CBT is an effective form of therapy for patients but not everyone has access to individual face to face 4 minutes CBT can be available hello individual sessions, group sessions, telephone-based sessions, and self-help modules. Group therapy is just as effective as individual therapy and, in some cases, can even be better sue to it reducing stigma and solidarity (Pappas, 2023). CBT that involves the family can be especially beneficial when treating children and adolescents to help them feel more supported (Pappas, 2023).
Challenges of family CBT
When treating children and adolescents, it is important to give the child enough space to build their own identity and explore their own thoughts and feelings, without retribution or bias from the parents. Even though they do not always have the right to legal confidentiality it is important to protect their space and make them feel comfortable sharing. This can be accomplished by having the parents and the child/adolescent sign a confidentiality agreement.
Conclusion
CBT is a valid form of psychological therapy and can be used for a range of mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse phobias and eating disorders. It is often used in conjunction with pharmacology to achieve optimal outcomes. CBT techniques include identifying negative thoughts, practicing new skills, goal setting, and problem solving along with self-monitoring to maintain optimal goals (Cherry, 2023).
References
Chand SP, Kuckel DP, Huecker MR. Cognitive Behavior Therapy. [Updated 2023 May 23]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan- Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470241/Links to an external site.
Cherry, K. (2023). What is Cognitive Behavioral therapy (CBT). Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-cognitive-behavior-therapy-2795747#toc-types-of-cognitive-behavioral-therapyLinks to an external site.
Discussion 2
Brittany
Cognitive-behavioral therapy, also known as CBT, is a form of psychotherapy that has been used to treat depression, eating disorders, anxiety, and other mental health issues. This form of psychotherapy can be used to treat individuals, groups, and families. When compared to other forms of psychotherapy, CBT is shown to be more effective and to improve a person’s quality of life and functioning more likely (American Psychological Association, 2021). In this discussion, I will compare the use of CBT in groups to its use in individual and family settings. In addition to that, I will also explain two challenges psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners may face with the use of CBT in one of the listed settings.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Group
In group therapy, the mental health practitioner provides psychotherapy to several people at one time. Cognitive behavioral therapy in this setting allows the participants with similar issues to share their experiences, emotions, and diagnoses. Group therapy has many benefits that include affordability, exposure to new behaviors, and positive support systems. Studies have shown that group therapy can be as effective as individual therapy if done so properly (Wheeler, 2020). Since group therapy is not focused solely on the individual, the effectiveness of the group depends on the mental health provider training, group member participation, and treatment duration (Hauksson et al., 2017). As a PMHNP, there are some challenges that may have to be faced in the group setting. Some of these challenges include risk for conflicts, loss of trust, and limited allotted time. For example, in sessions where all of the members have something to express, there may not be enough time to process everyone’s thoughts and feelings. This may be an issue and cause some participants to feel as though they are not being heard or helped. Another possible issue is the risk of conflict. For example, one participant may provide nonconstructive feedback to another client and there may be a disagreement. Group has some distinct differences when compared to cognitive behavioral therapy for the individual and family.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Individual
Individual cognitive behavioral therapy is based on the belief that someone’s thoughts and emotions affect their behaviors (Chand, 2023). CBT in this setting is individualized specifically for the patient and targets the concerns mentioned by the client. The setting involves only the client and the provider. In the sessions, the provider will help the client to identify their thoughts and feelings and how they affect their behaviors, while also helping the client to reconstruct their thought process and emotional reaction. Throughout the sessions, the provider will listen to the patient’s thoughts and help them to reconstruct those negative thoughts where needed, provide problem solving techniques, and make changes (Wheeler, 2020). When compared to group therapy, individual therapy provides providers with an increase in chance of building rapport and developing a therapeutic relationship with each client. It also maintains client confidentiality, confirms client focus, increases the likelihood that clients will be open and honest, and improves communication skills. Studies have shown that individual therapy is more effective in treating major depressive disorder than group therapy (Hauksson et al., 2017).
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Family
Family cognitive behavioral therapy focuses on the belief that family members thoughts, emotions, and behaviors are influenced by one another. This therapy is usually used in families that have family dynamics that are imbalanced, display some dysfunction, or have issues communicating effectively. This type of therapy in the family setting focuses on the interaction of family members, relationships, communication, and behaviors. Some challenges that are usually associated with family therapy include the members reluctancy to be open and honest, arguments and disagreements between family members that are not conducive to a therapeutic environment, and risk for breach of confidentiality. When compared to group therapy, family therapy may have many of the same challenges. These challenges, however, affect the family dynamic differently because the participants are likely to have to see one another outside of the therapy session, so it is important to try and develop a positive environment and interaction.
References
American Psychological Association. (2021). What is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy? Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/ptsd-guideline/patients-and-Links to an external site. families/cognitive[1]behavioral#:~:text=Cognitive%20behavioral%20therapy%20(CBT)%20is,disorders %20and%20severe%20mental%20illness
Chand, S., Kuckel, D., Hueker, M. (2023). Cognitive behavior therapy. National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470241/
Hauksson, P., Ingibergsdóttir, S., Gunnarsdóttir, T., & Jónsdóttir, I. H. (2017). Effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy for treatment-resistant depression with psychiatric comorbidity: comparison of individual versus group CBT in an interdisciplinary rehabilitation setting. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 71(6), 465–472. https://doi[1]org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1080/0…
