Description
I want simulation of standalone (off-grid) PV system for standard house with the specification provided using MATLAB/SIMULINK and give me in a file all the calculation for values used and the explanation for each step.
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System Design
The system designed for a typical household of three individuals focuses on efficiently
using solar energy. Since everyone is out for work during the day, most energy usage
happens in the evening and at night. To address this, the system is built to store the
energy generated from sunlight during the day for later use. This involves selecting the
right solar panels, batteries, and controls to ensure a steady power supply when it’s
needed most. Additionally, the system is designed to be easy to maintain and capable of
expansion if required. Ultimately, the aim is to provide reliable power, save costs, and
reduce environmental impact by harnessing clean solar energy.
Assumptions:
•
The available roof space will be adequate to accommodate the required number
of solar panels without obstruction from vents, chimneys, or other rooftop
fixtures.
•
Weather conditions, including sunlight intensity and temperature variations, will
remain within typical ranges for the region throughout the year.
•
The angle and orientation of the solar panels will be optimized to maximize
sunlight exposure and energy generation, considering factors such as roof pitch
and shading from nearby structures or vegetation.
•
No shading will affect the solar panels, ensuring uninterrupted sunlight exposure
throughout the day to achieve optimal energy production.
•
Average peak sun hours= 6 hrs
Load Profile:
The load profile for a standard house is calculated by estimating the average energy
consumption over a period. This involves analysing typical usage patterns for various
appliances and devices within the household. By understanding when and how much
energy is typically consumed the load profile can be created and that reflects to the
expected demand.
Appliance
Rated Power (W)
Run time (Daily)
Daily Load (KWh)
Air conditioner
1500
10 hrs
15
Refrigerator
150
24 hrs
3.6
Electric stove
2000
3 hrs
6
Washing Machine
1000
1 hrs
1
Water Heater
3000
2 hrs
6
Television
100
4 hrs
0.4
Microwave
1000
30 min
0.5
Electric Kettle
3000
10 min
0.5
Iron
1500
15 min
0.375
Laptop
60
3 hrs
0.18
Lights
20
12 hrs
0.24
Vacuum Cleaner
900
30 min
0.45
Phone Charger
25
2 hrs
0.05
Kitchen Extractor Fan
200
3 hrs
0.6
Extractor Fan
12
1 hrs
0.012
Appliances
Daily load kwh
Air conditioner
Number of appliances in
household
2
Refrigerator
1
3.6
Electric stove
1
6
Washing Machine
1
1
Water Heater
2
12
Television
1
0.4
Microwave
1
0.5
Electric Kettle
1
0.5
Iron
1
0.375
Laptop
1
0.18
Lights
10
2.4
Vacuum Cleaner
1
0.45
Phone Charger
2
0.1
Kitchen Extractor Fan
1
0.6
Extractor Fan
2
0.024
Total
30
58.129
The system design focus on July. This way will make sure the standalone PV system can
handle the toughest times when energy demand is highest. Focusing on July helps
prepare for extreme situations, ensuring the system can reliably power the household
even when energy needs are at their peak.
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
Daily Load (KWh)
Load (KWh)
Load (KWh)
Monthly Load (KWh)
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
46.392
11.737
Day
Month
Night
Times of day
Solar panel selection:
System sizing:
Assuming the losses within the system to be: 30%
Boost converter= 5%
Inverter= 5%
Batteries= 10% (90% round trip efficiency)
MPPT Efficiency, wiring, etc..= 5%
Multiply by factor of 1.295 = 1.3
For Day use: (12 KWh)
Total Load: 12000 watt-hours (Wh)
Panel Design Factor: (to account for system losses) 1.3
Panel energy required: 12000 x 1.3 = 15880Wh
Effective sunlight time: 6 hours
Total Modul Power Required: 15880/6 = 2645W
Inverter Required: 6000 watts.
Number Of PV Panels Required: 2645 watts/435 = 6 (assume STC panel rating of 435 watts/per
panel.)
For Night use: (47 KWh)
This load will be fed by the batteries which need to be charge during the day:
Load supplied by batteries = 59 kWh/day – 12kWh = 47 kWh
Apply factor for system losses= 47kWh x 1.3 = 61.1 kWh
Solar panel power required = 61100/6 peak sun hours = 10184W
Number of panels required to charge batteries = 10184/435 watts = 24 panels of 435 watts
The total number of panels required for an off-grid solar system in this case is 30 panels of 435
watts rating. (13050W)
Battery Size Calculation:
Backup for 24 hours
Total load for 24 hours backup
Battery bank voltage
Total amp-hour rating
Required Batteries (90% DOD)
Lithium-ion
Number of Batteries@ 250Ah 48 V
Rating
59000
48
59000/48=1208
1208/0.9=1342
measurement units
Watt-hours (Wh)
Volts
Amp-hours (Ah)
Ah
6
3 in series ,2 parallel
I-V / P-V Characteristics
MPPT
PV array
DC-DC
Inverter
Converter
Battery
AC load
Bidirectional
Converter
System block diagram
MPPT algorithm use perturb and observe P&O and use it as Matlab function with the
code
At DC stage the voltage should be 400 V
The output from the inverter should be 240 V AC
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attachment
