Description
Scenario
Depending on your specialization (Administrative Management), your company is looking to expand into another country and is trying to persuade a company in that country to do business with your company. You can use the country you selected for your Environmental Scan.
ADMG Specialization: You have a website development company and you are trying to attain a company in another country. Tell them what you have to offer and why they need your services.
Sections to Include
Title page
Table of contents
Introduction
Background information on your company
Services performed and recommended for the specific country and scenario
Itemized cost list with totals
Closing/benefits
APA Reference Page only
Remember, this is a persuasive message! Meaning, you want to focus on the benefits the reader/meeting planner receives. Remember to avoid the use of “I” in this type of writing–focus on the reader and make it a “you” centered message.
Note: You do not need to use APA formatting for this assignment (except for citations). There are three Microsoft Word templates attached.
Note #2: You may make reasonable assumptions for this assignment.
RUBRIC:
– Professional formatting with headings: Formatting is professional, headings help the reader locate key information.
– Introduction: sets the proposal in context, is useful to the reader.
– Background information on company: shows the company’s strengths in a way that speaks to the intended audience’s concerns.
– Services recommended: Recommended services are described clearly, and justified for the country and scenario chosen.
– Complete cost list and total: All costs to the potential client/customer are itemized and totaled.
– Closing–benefits are sold to the reader: Closing emphasizes benefits to the potential client/customer, which are clearly described.
– Title page and TOC included.
MATERIALS:
– Simple Sales Proposal Format: Sales Proposal Format Best Practices | Cirrus Insight
– Sales Proposal Example: Sales Proposal Template with High Close Rate – [Top Rated] (pandadoc.com)
– How to Write a Business Proposal: How to Write a Business Proposal [Examples + Template] (hubspot.com)
– 5 Keys to a Great Sales Proposal: (3) 5 Keys to a Great Sales Proposal That Closes The Deal – YouTube
– Sales Proposal Structure: (3) Sales Proposal Structure – YouTube
– Business Communications For Success (Book file attached)
Chapter 9.3: Business Proposal, pages 270 – 274
Chapter 9.4: Reports, pages 275 – 280
Chapter 9.6: Sales Messages, pages 291 – 293
– Management Communications (Book file attached)
Chapter 10: Sections 1 – 4, pages 3 – 14
Unformatted Attachment Preview
PROPOSAL AND
MARKETING PLAN
subtitle text here
Company Name
Street Address
City, ST ZIP Code
Phone
Email
1
2
Company Name Marketing Plan
Heading 3
To get started right away, just tap any placeholder text (such as this) and start
typing to replace it with your own.
Want to insert a picture from your files or add a shape, text box, or table? You
got it! On the Insert tab of the ribbon, just tap the option you need.
Find even more easy-to-use tools on the Insert tab, such as to add a hyperlink
or insert a comment.
HEADING 4
To get started right away, just tap any placeholder text (such as this) and start
typing to replace it with your own.
Want to insert a picture from your files or add a shape, text box, or table? You
got it! On the Insert tab of the ribbon, just tap the option you need.
Find even more easy-to-use tools on the Insert tab, such as to add a hyperlink
or insert a comment.
www.companywebsite.com
REPORT TITLE
COMPANY NAME
DATE
AUTHOR
REPORT TITLE
PAGE 2
INSTRUCTIONS
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industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text
ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and
scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting
industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text
ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and
scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
REPORT TITLE
PAGE 3
HEADING THREE
HEADING THREE
Lorem Ipsum is simply
dummy text of the printing
and typesetting industry.
Lorem Ipsum has been the
industry’s standard dummy
text ever since the 1500s,
when an unknown printer
took a galley of type and
scrambled it to make a
type specimen book.
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the
printing and typesetting industry. Lorem
Ipsum has been the industry’s standard
dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an
unknown printer took a galley of type and
scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
HEADING THREE
Lorem Ipsum is simply
dummy text of the printing
and typesetting industry.
Lorem Ipsum has been the
industry’s standard dummy
text ever
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the
printing and typesetting industry. Lorem
Ipsum has been the industry’s standard
dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an
unknown printer took a galley of type and
scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the
printing and typesetting industry. Lorem
Ipsum has been the industry’s standard
dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an
unknown printer took a galley of type and
scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
REPORT TITLE
Lorem
Ipsum is
simply
dummy text
of the
printing
and
typesetting
industry.
PAGE 4
REPORT TITLE
PAGE 5
HEADING THREE
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting
industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text
ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and
scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting
industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text
ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and
scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting
industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text
ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and
scrambled it to make a type specimen book.
DESCRIPTION
Lorem Ipsum is simply
dummy text of the printing
and typesetting industry.
DESCRIPTION
DESCRIPTION
Lorem Ipsum is simply
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dummy text of the printing dummy text of the printing
and typesetting industry.
and typesetting industry.
PROFESSIONAL
SERVICES
Business Plan
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction …………………………………………….. 3
1. Executive Summary …………………………… 4
2. Company Overview ……………………………. 5
3. Business Description………………………….. 6
4. Market Analysis …………………………………. 8
5. Operating Plan ………………………………… 10
6. Marketing and Sales Plan …………………. 11
7. Financial Plan …………………………………. 13
Appendix………………………………………………. 16
Instructions for Getting Started with
Estimated Start-Up Costs ……………………. 17
Instructions for Getting Started on Profit &
Loss Projections ………………………………… 19
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INTRODUCTION
Creating an extensive business plan is unnecessary for most businesses to get started.
However, creating a short business plan offers several benefits that more than outweigh the
investment of time:
• The process of thinking and writing the plan provides clarity for the business.
• If capital is needed from outside sources, investors want to see a plan that demonstrates a
solid understanding and vision for the business.
• The plan will help prioritize tasks that are most important.
• With growth, the plan offers a common understanding of the vision to new leaders.
A simple business plan for a start-up service company can be completed rather quickly.
Keeping in mind who the intended audience is, write simply. The plan needs to be
understandable, readable, and realistic.
This template is organized into seven sub-plans or sections to be completed.
1. Executive Summary
2. Company Overview
3. Business Description
4. Market Analysis
5. Operating Plan
6. Marketing and Sales Plan
7. Financial Plan
It is recommended to complete the Executive Summary last, after all of the other sections have
been completed. As information is filled in, from the Company Overview to the Financial Plan,
the writing should tell the story of the motivation and vision behind the business. Be sure to
include what will make the business successful, how success will be achieved, and how
success will be measured.
It is important to keep the business plan updated in order to see progress, celebrate success,
and adjust where issues arise. This is best done on a quarterly, if not monthly, basis.
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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Executive Summary should be written last after the remainder of the plan has been
finished. It is an overview (with a suggested length of no more than one page) of the business,
including the problem the business aims to solve, why this business’ solution is different, the
business’ ideal customer, and the expected results. The Executive Summary should provide a
high-level and optimistic description of the company.
If the business requires outside investment or external investors, include how much is needed,
how it will be used, and how it will make the business more profitable. Think of this section as
the first thing a potential investor reads, thus, it must capture their interest quickly.
Suggested headings to organize this business plan include the following.
• Opportunity: What problem will the business solve?
• Mission: What problem will the business solve?
• Solution: How will the service uniquely solve the problem identified?
• Market focus: What market and ideal customers will the business target?
• Competitive advantage: How does the business intend to succeed against its
competitors?
• Ownership: Who are the major stakeholders in the company?
• Expected returns: What are the key milestones for revenue, profits, growth, and
customers?
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2. COMPANY OVERVIEW
The Company Overview is a brief summary of the intended business, including what it uniquely
delivers, the mission, how it got started, market positioning, operational structure, and financial
goals. After reviewing this section, the reader should have a broad understanding of what the
business is setting out to do and how it is organized.
This section is not meant to be lengthy. Keep it short and succinct. This is the snapshot of the
business. The type of business will determine what of the following sections will be required for
the business plan. Only include what is needed to properly represent the business and remove
anything else.
• Company summary: This is the introductory section to the company, also known as the
‘elevator pitch’ of what the company stands for and is setting out to do. Include the
company’s goals and some of the near-term objectives. Even if it is a small, serviceoriented company, developing a summary is an important step to explain and focus the
core business.
• Mission statement: This is a concise statement on the guiding principles of the company
and what the company aims to do for customers, employees, owners, and other
stakeholders.
• Company history: This provides the back story, especially the personal story, of why the
business was founded. Use this section to give the overarching history of the company from
its start and bring the reader up-to-date on where the company is now in terms of sales,
profits, key services, and customers.
• Markets and services: This outlines the target market and related needs that the company
will address. Include brief descriptions of offered services and targeted markets and
customer types. This section can be a general overview as more details will be suggested
in a later section of this plan.
• Operational structure: This describes the operational details of the business. List any
potential employees needed on the payroll to make the business run.
• Financial goals: This describes the start-up capital needed, projected revenue and profits,
forecast, and budget of the business.
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3. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
This section will first frame the business opportunity and should answer the question: what
problem(s) is the company trying to solve? Use a case example to describe the customers’
pain point and how it is solved today. If the business’ service addresses something the market
has yet to identify as a problem (for instance, a new mobile app or a new clothing line), then
also describe how the business’ solution reduces stress, saves money, or brings joy to the
customer.
After framing the opportunity, describe the service in detail and how it is the solution the
business offers, how it solves that problem, and what benefits customers will receive.
This section also describes in more detail how the services will be rendered and the pricing
structure (e.g., fixed rate versus an hourly fee). Describe how the company plans to
differentiate from its competitors. What is the target market and how can the customer
capitalize on your unique offering?
Depending on the type of business, the following sections may or may not be necessary. Only
include relevant sections and remove everything else.
• Opportunity: Describe the current market for the business’ offered service. At a high level,
what is the market and who are its participants; is it business customers or consumers;
what is the specific geography, etc.? More details on the market will be provided in the next
section of the plan. Next, describe the current state of available services and how the
business will offer better. Also discuss any additional services the company plans to offer in
the future.
• Product overview: Describe the service offerings of the business in as much detail as
possible. If it is effective to include pictures, this would be a good place to place them.
• Key participants: Identify any strategic partners in the business, such as critical suppliers,
distributors, referral partners, or any others. In some businesses, products are custommade and any break in their supply will impact the business. There may be key contributors
to the services offered, so it is important to identify them.
• Pricing: Provide pricing of the service, gross margin projects, and upgrade paths. Describe
why the company’s pricing will be attractive to the target market. Have a gauge on the
competitor’s pricing and explain how the business’ service is unique to justify its pricing
structure.
o Note the difference between working hours and billable hours. All working hours are not
billable. If the business has employees with differing skill levels (for example, in a law
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Business Plan
practice, there are associates, paralegals, lawyers, partners, etc.), indicate the various
billing rates.
o Communicate rates clearly to clients and customers. If there are potential additional
fees which will be passed on to clients or customers, define and establish them up front.
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4. MARKET ANALYSIS
The Market Analysis provides the reader with an understanding of how well the business
knows and understands its market and if it is big enough to support the business objectives.
This section provides an overview of the industry that the business will participate in. As this
section is narrowed down to the ideal customer based on the business strategy, the plan will
define the target market. A detailed description and sizing of the target market will help the
reader understand the market value the business is pursuing (the number of potential
customers multiplied by the average revenue for the product or service).
In defining the target market, the plan will identify key elements such as geographic location,
demographics, buyer characteristics, the target market’s needs, and how market needs are
currently being met. If there are any direct competitors, explain how the company’s service
compares to the competitors in terms of solving the consumers’ problems.
This section may also include a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT)
Analysis as necessary, to better assess the business’ position against the competition.
Depending on the type of business, the following sections may or may not be necessary. Only
include what is need and remove everything else.
• Industry type: Begin with the broader descriptions of the market opportunity. For instance,
if the intended business is a travel agency, the industry type would be service industry. In
this particular market, the global revenues are projected to exceed $183 billion, but the local
agency will have a much smaller market. Identify the potential clientele in the company’s
local geography that might fit into the target demographic group. This section will also
identify any industry regulations and evaluate trends in market growth and stability.
• Market segmentation: This section defines the main market segments and those the
business is targeting now. A market segment is a group of people (or other businesses)
within the industry, identify smaller segments, such as luxury travel or exotic cruisers. The
market can also be segmented by criteria such as quality, price, range of products,
geography, demographics, and others. A few other elements to consider answer questions
such as: Is the segment growing, shrinking, or will it be flat for the next few years? What
percentage of the market will be reachable? What share of the market is anticipated within
the next 2-3 years? Graphics are best used in a section like this to either show growth (line
graph) or percentages of markets or groups (pie chart).
• Competition: All businesses compete in one way or another. It may be with specific, direct
competitors or it may be with the way customers have been doing things for a long time.
When identifying the competition, identify who else is providing services to solve the same
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Business Plan
problem the business seeks to address. What are the business’ advantages over these
competitors? How will the company’s voice be heard over the noise of competitors?
Sometimes a business plan includes a matrix of features and compares how each business
offers or does not offer those features. This section reflects how the company’s solution is
different and better suited for the identified target market compared to the competition.
• SWOT analysis: A SWOT analysis may be included by completing the boxes below to
assess the business’ current environment’s strengths and weaknesses (internal) and
opportunities and threats (external). This is a good exercise to go through on an annual
basis. After completing the analysis, provide thoughts on: how the business’ strengths can
help maximize opportunities and minimize threats; how its weaknesses can slow the
company’s ability to capitalize on the opportunities; and how the business’ weaknesses
could expose it to threats.
STRENGTHS
WEAKNESSES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Advantage
Capabilities
Assets, people
Experience
Financial reserves
Value proposition
Price, value, quality
Disadvantages
Gap in capabilities
Cash Flow
Suppliers
Experience
Areas to improve
Causes of lose sales
SWOT
OPPORTUNITIES
THREATS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Areas to improve
New segments
Industry trends
New products
New innovations
Key partnership
Economy movement
Obstacles faced
Competitor actions
Political impacts
Environmental effects
Loss of key staff
Market demand
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Business Plan
5. OPERATING PLAN
Additionally, it is necessary to outline how the company currently and will continue to develop
and maintain a loyal customer base. This section includes management responsibilities with
dates and budgets and making sure results can be tracked. What are the envisioned phases
for future growth and the capabilities that need to be in place to realize growth?
The operating plan describes how the business works. Depending on the type of the business,
important elements of this plan should include how the company will bring services to market
and how it will support customers. It is the logistics, technology, and basic blocking and
tackling of the business.
Depending on the type of business, the following sections may or may not be necessary. Only
include what is needed and remove everything else. Remember: try to keep the business plan
as short as possible. Excessive detail in this section could easily make the plan too long.
• Order fulfillment: Describe the company’s procedures for delivering services to its
customers. As a service company, determine how to keep track of the customer base, form
of communications, and how best to manage sales and data.
• Payment: Describe the standard payment terms and the payment methods accepted.
Describe the pricing plans (one-time service fees, hourly-based fees, markups, and any
other fees) and any impact on cash flow.
• Technology: If technology is critical to the business, whether it is part of the service
offering or is fundamental to delivering a service, describe the key technologies used that
are proprietary. If the business data (company or customer) is at risk, describe the data
security plan in place, as well as any backup or recovery in the case of a disaster or outage.
• Key customers: Identify any customers that are important to the success of the business
due to a partnership, volume, or pathway to a new market. Also identify any customers who
bring in more than 10% of the company’s revenues.
• Key employees and organization: Describe unique skills or experiences that are required
of the current team. If necessary, describe any proprietary recruiting or training processes
in place. List key employees that are necessary for success. Include an organization chart
to support this section.
• Facilities: Describe the type of business facility, whether leased, owned, or a shared
business premises. Provide a listing of business locations, their purpose, and future plans
for these facilities. If there are no facilities, and the business plans to buy or lease them,
include that in this plan.
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Business Plan
6. MARKETING AND SALES PLAN
Promoting the business, whether through generating leads or traffic to a website or store, is
one of the most important functions of any business. In this section of the plan, provide details
of intended marketing of the business. Describe the key messages and channels used for
generating leads and promoting the business. This section should also describe any sales
strategy. Depending on the type of business, the following sections may or may not be
necessary. Only include what is needed and remove everything else.
• Key messages: Describe the key messages that will elevate services in the target
customers’ eyes. If there is sample collateral or graphical images of some messages,
include them.
• Marketing activities: Which of the following promotion options provide the company the
best chance of product recognition, qualified leads, store traffic, or appointments?
o Media advertising (newspaper, magazine, television, radio)
o Direct mail
o Telephone solicitation
o Seminars or business conferences
o Joint advertising with other companies
o Word of mouth or fixed signage
o Digital marketing such as social media, email marketing, SEO, or blogging
o Provide limited free consultations (such as free job pricing for Contractors, free
landscaping consultation for landscapers, or free pricing opinions for real estate agents)
o Sponsor local sports teams or other community events
o Give free informational talks either at the business offices or for local businesses
offering complementary services (such as a real estate agent providing seminars about
preparing a home to bring to market)
o Do free work for local non-profits (such as an ad agency designing a local farmer’s
market’s website for free)
• Sales strategy: If needed, what will be the sales approach? Will there be full-time
commissioned sales people, contract sales, or another approach? Many one-on-one
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service businesses are heavily reliant on word of mouth. Take this into account when
developing the sales strategy.
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Business Plan
7. FINANCIAL PLAN
Creating a financial plan is where all of the business planning comes together. Up to this point,
the target market, target customers, and pricing have all been identified. These items, along
with assumptions, will help estimate the company’s sales forecast. The other side of the
business will be what expenses are expected. This is important on an ongoing basis to see
when the business is profitable. It is also important to know what expenses will need to be
funded before customer sales, or the cash they generate, is received.
At a minimum, this section should include estimated start-up costs and projected profit and
loss, along with a summary of the assumptions being made with these projections.
Assumptions should include initial and ongoing sales, along with the timing of these inflows.
• Projected start-up costs: The table below shows a sample of ongoing and one-time cost
items that the business might need in order to open. Many businesses are paid on credit
over time and do not have cash coming in immediately. It is necessary to make
assumptions about how many months of recurring items, in addition to one-time expenses,
to estimate when cash will begin to flow into the company. To begin with, the company will
have to fund out of savings or an initial investment. There is a blank table in the Appendix to
complete potential start-up cost projections.
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START-UP COSTS
Your Office-Based Agency
January 1, 20xx
COST ITEMS
MONTHS
COST/ MONTH
ONE-TIME COST
TOTAL COST
Advertising/Marketing
3
$300
$2,000
$2,900
Employee Salaries*
4
$500
$2
$2,002
Employee Payroll Taxes and Benefits
4
$100
$1,500
$1,600
Rent/Lease Payments/Utilities
4
$750
$2,500
$5,500
Postage/Shipping
1
$25
$25
$50
Communication/Telephone
4
$70
$280
$560
Computer Equipment
$0
$1,500
$1,500
Computer Software
$0
$300
$300
Insurance
$0
$60
$60
Interest Expense
$0
$0
$0
Bank Service Charges
$0
$0
$0
Supplies
$0
$0
$0
Travel & Entertainment
$0
$0
$0
Equipment
$0
$2,500
$2,500
Furniture & Fixtures
$0
$0
$0
Leasehold Improvements
$0
$0
$0
Security Deposit(s)
$0
$0
$0
Business Licenses/Permits/Fees
$0
$5,000
$5,000
Professional Services – Legal, Accounting
$0
$1,500
$1,500
Consultant(s)
$0
$0
$0
Inventory
$0
$0
$0
Cash-On-Hand (Working Capital)
$0
$1,000
$1,000
Miscellaneous
$0
$2,000
$2,000
ESTIMATED START-UP BUDGET
$26,472
*Based on part-time employees. This may change once you hit your growth benchmark.
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Projected profit and loss model: The model below shows a sample of the projections a small business is forecasting for their
first 12 months of operations. The top portion of the table shows projected sales and gross profit. This is a good place to begin
creating the company’s sales forecast. The next section itemizes the recurring expenses the business is projecting for the same
months. These should be consistent with the estimated start-up costs completed in the prior section. At the bottom of this model,
it will possible to see when the company is becoming profitable and what expense items are the most impactful to its profitability.
There is a blank table in the Appendix to complete the business’ own start-up cost projections.
START-UP COSTS
Your Office-Based Agency
REVENUE
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
Estimated Sales
$5,000
$13,000 $16,000 $7,000
$14,500 $16,400 $22,500
Less Sales Returns &
$0
($350)
$0
($206)
($234)
$0
$0
Discounts
Service Revenue
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$250
$350
Other Revenue
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
Net Sales
$5,000
$12,650 $16,000 $6,794
$14,266 $16,650 $22,850
Cost of Goods Sold*
$2,000
$5,200
$6,400
$2,800
$5,800
$6,560
$9,000
Gross Profit
$3,000
$7,450
$9,600
$3,994
$8,466
$10,090 $13,850
EXPENSES
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
Salaries & Wages
$2,500
$2,500
$3,500
$5,000
$5,000
$5,000
$8,000
Marketing/Advertising
$400
$450
$450
$450
$900
$900
$900
Sales Commissions
$250
$650
$800
$350
$725
$820
$1,125
Rent
$1,250
$1,250
$1,250
$1,250
$1,250
$1,250
$1,250
Utilities
$250
$150
$200
$200
$200
$250
$250
Website Expenses
$175
$175
$175
$175
$175
$175
$175
Internet/Phone
$110
$110
$110
$110
$110
$110
$110
Insurance
$165
$165
$165
$165
$165
$165
$165
Travel
$100
$0
$0
$250
$0
$0
$0
Legal/Accounting
$1,200
$0
$0
$450
$0
$500
$0
Office Supplies
$125
$125
$125
$125
$125
$125
$125
Interest Expense
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
Total Expenses
$6,525
$5,575
$6,775
$8,525
$8,650
$9,295
$12,100
Income Before Taxes
($3,525)
$1,875
$2,825
($4,531) ($184)
$795
$1,750
Income Tax Expense
($529)
$281
$424
($680)
($28)
$119
$263
NET INCOME
($2,996)
$1,594
$2,401
($3,851) ($156)
$676
$1,488
*In the service industry, Cost of Goods Sold is the monetized value of the time spent on the client.
AUG
$23,125
SEP
$24,549
OCT
$22,000
NOV
$25,000
January 1, 20xx
DEC
YTD
$27,349 $216,423
($280)
($1,200)
($1,600)
$0
($2,400)
($6,270)
$100
$1,500
$24,445
$9,250
$15,195
AUG
$9,000
$900
$1,156
$1,250
$250
$175
$110
$165
$0
$0
$125
$0
$13,131
$2,064
$310
$1,754
$0
$0
$23,349
$9,820
$13,529
SEP
$9,000
$900
$1,227
$1,250
$200
$175
$110
$165
$675
$0
$125
$0
$13,827
($298)
($45)
($253)
$0
$0
$20,400
$8,800
$11,600
OCT
$9,000
$900
$1,100
$1,250
$200
$175
$110
$165
$800
$0
$125
$0
$13,825
($2,225)
($334)
($1,891)
$1,245
$0
$26,245
$10,000
$16,245
NOV
$9,000
$1,200
$1,250
$1,250
$250
$225
$110
$165
$0
$0
$125
$0
$13,575
$2,670
$401
$2,270
$1,360
$0
$26,309
$10,940
$15,369
DEC
$9,000
$1,200
$1,367
$1,250
$250
$225
$110
$165
$0
$250
$125
$0
$13,942
$1,427
$214
$1,213
$3,305
$1,500
$214,958
$86,569
$128,389
YTD
$76,500
$9,550
$10,821
$15,000
$2,650
$2,200
$1,320
$1,980
$1,825
$2,400
$1,500
$0
$125,746
$2,643
$396
$2,246
15
Services
Business Plan
APPENDIX
START-UP COSTS
Your Office-Based Agency
COST ITEMS
January 1, 20xx
MONTHS
COST/ MONTH
ONE-TIME COST
TOTAL COST
Advertising/Marketing
Employee Salaries
Employee Payroll Taxes and Benefits
Rent/Lease Payments/Utilities
Postage/Shipping
Communication/Telephone
Computer Equipment
Computer Software
Insurance
Interest Expense
Bank Service Charges
Supplies
Travel & Entertainment
Equipment
Furniture & Fixtures
Leasehold Improvements
Security Deposit(s)
Business Licenses/Permits/Fees
Professional Services – Legal, Accounting
Consultant(s)
Inventory
Cash-On-Hand (Working Capital)
Miscellaneous
ESTIMATED START-UP BUDGET
16
Services
Business Plan
Instructions for Getting Started with Estimated
Start-Up Costs
Determining a business’ startup costs is critical to ensure enough cash is available to begin
business operations within the budgeted time frame as well as within the cost budget. Startup
costs typically fall within two categories: monthly costs and one-time costs. Monthly costs
cover costs that occur each month during the startup period, and one-time costs are costs that
will be incurred once during the startup period.
Steps for preparation:
• Step 1: Enter the company name and the date this estimate is being prepared.
• Step 2: Enter the number of months and the monthly cost for each cost item that is
recurring. For one-time costs only, skip the monthly costs. If there are cost items that have
both recurring and one-time amounts, enter those as well. The total cost will calculate
automatically in the far-right column.
• Step 3: Once all of the costs are entered, review the individual items and total amount to
see where the budget can be fine-tuned or move something out into the future when more
revenue is coming in.
17
Services
Business Plan
START-UP COSTS
Your Office-Based Agency
REVENUE
January 1, 20xx
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
YTD
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
NOV
DEC
YTD
Estimated Product Sales
Less Sales Returns & Discounts
Service Revenue
Other Revenue
Net Sales
Cost of Goods Sold
Gross Profit
EXPENSES
Salaries & Wages
Marketing/Advertising
Sales Commissions
Rent
Utilities
Website Expenses
Internet/Phone
Insurance
Travel
Legal/Accounting
Office Supplies
Interest Expense
Other 1
Total Expenses
Income Before Taxes
Income Tax Expense
NET INCOME
* In the service industry, Cost of Goods Sold is the monetized value of the time spent on the client.
18
Services
Business Plan
Instructions for Getting Started on Profit & Loss
Projections
Completing projections for Profit and Loss of a new company is a good exercise to understand
and communicate when the company will begin to break even and see how sales and profits
will grow. The top portion of the model to the left, Revenue, is a good way to forecast sales,
month by month for the first year. The lower portion then applies estimated expenses for the
same period of time to derive the business’ profitability.
Steps for preparation:
• Step 1: Enter the company name and the date this projection is being prepared.
• Step 2: For each month, beginning in January or whenever the start is estimated, enter the
expected sales to be. This could be for a single service or multiple services. Add lines to
this model for additional offerings. From this, subtract any product returns or discounts that
are to be tracked (these should be shown as negative numbers, for example, -10). Below
Net Sales, enter the Cost of Goods Sold. This refers to the monetized value of the time
spent on a particular client.
• Step 3: For each month, enter the estimated salaries, marketing, utilities, and other items
that are projected.
• Step 4: Once all of the costs have been entered, review the individual items and total
amount to see where projections can be fine-tuned or move something out into the future
when more revenue is coming in. The objective is to get to profitability and positive cash
flow as quickly as possible.
19
Business Communication for Success
Business Communication for Success
[Author removed at request of original publisher]
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA LIBRARIES PUBLISHING EDITION, 2015. THIS EDITION ADAPTED
FROM A WORK ORIGINALLY PRODUCED IN 2010 BY A PUBLISHER WHO HAS REQUESTED THAT IT
NOT RECEIVE ATTRIBUTION.
MINNEAPOLIS, MN
Business Communication for Success by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.
Contents
Publisher Information
x
Chapter 1: Effective Business Communication
1.1 Why Is It Important to Communicate Well?
1.2 What Is Communication?
1.3 Communication in Context
1.4 Your Responsibilities as a Communicator
1.5 Additional Resources
3
7
16
20
25
Chapter 2: Delivering Your Message
2.1 What Is Language?
2.2 Messages
2.3 Principles of Verbal Communication
2.4 Language Can be an Obstacle to Communication
2.5 Emphasis Strategies
2.6 Improving Verbal Communication
2.7 Additional Resources
29
33
36
42
47
54
58
Chapter 3: Understanding Your Audience
3.1 Self-Understanding Is Fundamental to Communication
3.2 Perception
3.3 Differences in Perception
3.4 Getting to Know Your Audience
3.5 Listening and Reading for Understanding
3.6 Additional Resources
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82
84
90
93
Chapter 4: Effective Business Writing
4.1 Oral versus Written Communication
4.2 How Is Writing Learned?
4.3 Good Writin
