Description
Please respond to discussion below using current APA edition and 2 scholarly references. Must be at least 150 words.
Developmental anticipatory guidance plays a crucial role in honing and instilling effective parenting skills for specific growth and development stages. In regard to anticipatory guidance for an 18-month-old with an acute upper respiratory infection, the clinician should include risk factors, prevention, and treatment strategies. Gebrerufael and Hagos (2023) inform that acute upper respiratory infections (ARIs) are among the major causes of morbidity and mortality in toddlers below five years. The clinician should inform age as a risk factor and prevention strategies such as washing their hands clean and drying them, being up-to-date on vaccinations, and healthy eating and sleeping patterns. The clinician can provide a newsletter or a chart on acute upper respiratory infections to the parents which they can refer at any time. Notably, educating in a language that the parent understands is key in ensuring successful anticipatory guidance.
A 4-Year-Old with Stool Withholding and Constipation
According to Rajindrajith et al. (2022), poor toilet training is the primary risk factor for functional constipation in children. Others develop stool withholding behavior due to fear of defecation arising from family dynamics. Dietary factors are also cited among factors that increase the risk of functional constipation (Rajindrajith et al., 2023). Thus, the anticipatory guidance should be on toilet training and autonomy in toileting. The clinician should explain poor toilet training and lack of autonomy on the issue as a factor that develops the withholding behavior among children hence, the risk to poor quality of life. The clinician also needs to emphasize dietary choices in preventing stool withholding and constipation. The parent should ensure the child takes adequate water, about 5 cups daily. Foods rich in fiber such as fruits and vegetables can also improve bowel movement and prevent constipation (Rajindrajith et al., 2023). Besides, the nurse practitioner should educate on an active lifestyle. It is not only associated with benefits such as bone health but also preventing functional constipation.
A 9-year-old with Chronic Headaches
Frequent headaches are common in pediatric patients. There are multidimensional factors linked with migraines and headaches among children including health-based such as respiratory conditions, stress, poor sleep patterns, unhealthy diet, and lack of exercise (Lipton et al., 2023). The clinician should emphasize the importance of a close parent-child relationship to create proximity that can encourage the child to disclose any stressors. The parent should provide necessary social support and be informed of indicators of a stressed child. In addition, the nurse should inform the parent of the need for adequate sleep, exercise, and healthy diet for the child (Lipton et al., 2023). Adverse childhood experiences are cited among stressful events that cause migraines. Thus, the nurse practitioner should inform the benefits of creating and maintaining a conducive family environment for healthy child growth and development.
A 15-Year-Old with Dysmenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea negatively impairs the quality of life of a girl. It can be a bother to a teen who is not used to these growth changes. Thus, educating teens on dysmenorrhea and its normality is crucial to suppressing all fears. Besides, one needs to suppress barriers such as privacy and information withholding by creating a mutual relationship with the girl. The care provider should move to management strategies such as resting, drinking hot water, and physical activity that can help in relieving the pain (Cherenack et al., 2023). She can also administer paracetamol. Since she is a teen and at risk of STIs and pregnancy, the provider should provide sex education and encourage the her to visit the clinic for any assistance.
