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Alkiyumi 1
Qur’anic Chapters
Arwa Alkiyumi
The Qur’an, Language, History and Religion
Dr. Abed El-Rahman Tayyara
What is the purpose of the paper (what are the themes, topics, that you seek
to explore in this paper?
Alkiyumi 2
The majority of Islamic study concentrates on explaining Quranic texts word by verse.
While a few modern publications thematically organized Qur’anic verses into useful indices, few
academics have tried to integrate the main ideas found in the Qur’an. Qur’anic studies fall into
three primary categories: (1) reconstructing the Qur’an chronologically; (2) illuminating Jewish
and Christian concepts and ideas that predate the Qur’an; and (3) summarizing, in whole or in
part, the contents of the Qur’an. The least prevalent study method is this one, and Fazlur Rahman
aims to use it in his book Major Themes of the Qur’an. This essay will make the case that it can
be founded on an examination of one (or more) of the lengthy chapters (chapters 2–80) of the
Qur’an with respect to its main ideas, revelation occasions, organization, interpretation, moral
precepts, target audience, and goals.
What is your source for these details?
Rahman creates a synthetic outline of the major topics in the Qur’an that make sense to
focus on rather than chronologically. In each of the chapters, the following concepts are
emphasized: God, the individual human, the human in society, the natural world, prophethood
and revelation, eschatology, evil and Satan, and the formation of the Muslim community. His
primarily modern hermeneutics is the basis upon which he arranges these subjects. Rahman also
aims to evaluate Islamic history and practice using Qur’anic Islam, which is Muhammad’s
authentic religion.
Source?
Rahman’s work is noteworthy not so much for his theological findings and hermeneutical
arguments as for the synthesis process by which he interprets the themes of the Qur’an and
page number
applies them to the historical and present contexts of Islam (wahb, 2023). This is a remarkably
novel fusion of contemporary ideas with Qur’anic focus in the history of Qur’anic interpretation.
Alkiyumi 3
God. Rahman discusses the necessity of God and his unity in the opening of his work
page number
(Zeidan, 2023). He talks about the reasonableness and rationality of the Qur’anic concept of
monotheism, or tawhid. In order to communicate with man’s heart, the Qur’an emphasizes “belief
in and awareness of the unseen” (2:3) as a means of believing in God (2). Mankind just needs a
reminder that God exists; theological proofs are not necessary for God’s existence. Man’s heart
and intellect must yield to this self-existent deity, according to the Qur’an. Man is God’s servant
and God is the Served. God has no obligation to clarify, validate, or make himself known.
Man as an Individual. Greek thought’s body-mind duality is rejected in the Qur’an. It
believes that the mind and body are one. The mind and the soul are interconnected mental states.
Rather than being the opposite of God, Satan is the opposite of man. Since God has given man
free will, he governs the moral social order as God’s vice-regent. This vice-regency is what
makes man’s mission on Earth what it is. Because he is endowed with free will, man has the
ability to submit to God’s will, unlike the cosmos which obeys his eternal laws. Man is morally
conflicted because he is impulsive, small-minded, and prone to forgetting God. Anguish serves
as a reminder of God. Man attains the supreme equilibrium known as taqwa in the Qur’an when
he remembers God and chooses moral decisions over all other options (Quran, 2022).
The Human in Society. In contrast to other religious texts, the Qur’an supports human
flourishing and forbids “even the notion of ‘being unjust to oneself [zulm al-nafs],’ so that
individuals and especially societies are ultimately destroyed.” In essence, it discusses how a
community, a way of life, or a form of civilization can become self-destructive (37). Humans are
meant to live in communities. The pre-Islamic Arabian (or Makkan) society’s polytheism and
social injustice are condemned by the Qur’an. The Qur’an advocates for the zakah tax and the
outlawing of usury in order to address the depressing socioeconomic conditions that prevail in
Alkiyumi 4
Makkan society. These measures were intended to promote wealth distribution and lessen social
unfairness.
Furthermore, the teachings of the Qur’an support a robust familial framework in which
parents are respected and obeyed, and where parenting practices are governed and directed by
Islamic law. When a person regards everyone in society fairly, including his enemies, he is
getting closer to the ideal of taqwa. The Qur’an asks for a shura—a collectively-led committee of
educated men—to manage society in an equitable manner as a model state system to promote
taqwa for all members of society, since justice is a prerequisite for every action made by man and
society. The Qur’an teaches us the importance of individual freedom of life, hard effort, faith,
dignity, and private property. Men in polygamous marriages owe their wives respect; in the event
that they don’t, the women may file for divorce. According to the Qur’an, society and man are
one and strive for taqwa, a higher purpose.
Nature. The Qur’an has very little discussion of the origin tale of nature. Since nature
fully obeys God’s laws, it might be considered “Muslim.” The goal of nature is to reveal the
Almighty Power and Unending Mercy of God. The universe as a whole is a sign of God, which
stubborn man refuses to acknowledge. Furthermore, there are other supernatural indications that
defy natural law, but man must possess faith in order to comprehend their importance. Because
they originate from the same Creator as the signs of nature, the verses of the Qur’an also function
as signs to humans. “The universe and nature are God’s greatest signs. Man must learn this by
himself. Man can use nature to further his own interests. That’s why it exists. Moral law is
distinct from physical law since man exists to serve his Creator (Rahman, 2019).page number
Revelation and prophethood. Islam is seen as the ultimate and comprehensive religion;
Muhammad’s teachings mark the conclusion of religion’s developmental path. Muhammad was
Alkiyumi 5
the most authoritative teacher of monotheism (tawhid), the central doctrine shared by all the
prophets. This chapter tells the story of the Spirit of Revelation, also known as an angel, who
appeared to the Prophet during the Night of Power (al-qadr). God can only communicate with
humans via the Prophet’s thinking, which is filled with the Spirit. The miraculous character of the
Qur’an is demonstrated by the elegance and linguistic style of its Arabic.
Eschatology. The Qur’an describes the Day of Judgment as the moment when a person
completely realizes who they are. He will have a journal in his hand with a record of all he did
written in it when he stands before God. Unless God allows it, there won’t be an intercessor on
that day (Wikipedia Contributors, 2019). Each action speaks for or against a person, and their
existence on Earth will determine their fate in the Afterlife. The Qur’an bases its ethical precepts
on this dread of the Day of Judgment.
Satan and evil. Being a Jinn, Satan belongs to a race of beings more evil than humans.
Satan is not anti-God, but anti-man; he challenges man and seeks to deceive him into disobeying
God’s will. Taqwa is a strong defense against Satan’s attacks, according to the Qur’an. Since
Satan represents despondency, the Qur’an prohibits melancholy and hopelessness. Moreover,
Satan gives bad folks power, and because of man’s shortcomings and lack of morals, he finds
him to be an easy target.
The Muslim Community’s emergence. The evidence presented in this chapter indicates
that the Arabs sought a religion akin to Judeo-Christianity. The Arab community was
accustomed to hearing stories about Jesus and Moses, so when they reached Muhammad, they
arrived in the form of revelation. Furthermore, all the prophets were included in Muhammad’s
revelation. There is only one God, one message that God’s prophets bear witness to, and one
God-people. This solidarity around Muhammad’s ultimate revelation (monotheism) gave rise to
Alkiyumi 6
the idea of the Muslim ummah, or the house of IslamDespite being referred to as the People of
the Book, Jews and Christians were seen as flawed in their so-called monotheistic beliefs.
However, the Muslim society served as an example of perfection because it remained steadfast in
its adherence to monotheism.
Rahman’s work is highly beneficial to me as a Westerner who is not versed in Islamic
culture or Quranic teachings. Those who study the Qur’an academically could have more
complex and critical views on the text. But this book is really helpful for getting access to the
major concepts and themes that run throughout the Qur’an.
The author doesn’t appear to become sidetracked by peripheral or theological matters. He
merely summarizes the main points that reinforce the central idea of the Qur’an, which is God
alone’s total authority. The purpose of the Qur’an is to lead man toward harmony with God and
humanity by reminding him of who he once was and where he has fallen. As God’s vice-regent,
man has been given responsibility for maintaining the moral and social order in this world. To
fulfill his duty both now and in forever, he must live according to God’s instructions. Whether he
sowed it faithfully or not, he will reap in forever.
Rahman illustrates the message of the Qur’an—that God is one, that God’s message is
one, that God’s Book is one, and that the community ought to be one—in each chapter. It appears
Rahman makes a clear connection between the oneness of society living in a harmonious social
order and the unity of life lived under God’s command because the Qur’an self-attestation to its
unity under God’s oneness. Obviously, the Qur’an is not authoritative or inspired from the
standpoint of an evangelical Christian. However, Rahman’s application of biblical theologically
inspired interpretation techniques clarifies the major themes of the Qur’an.
Alkiyumi 7
Finally, Rahman argues against breaking the Qur’an down into its component components
and in favor of presenting it as a whole. Rahman’s method is very helpful for people who are
teaching the fundamentals of the Qur’an to others or for individuals who are not familiar with the
Qur’an. He engages with the Qur’anic text objectively and shares his understanding of it.
Additionally, the reader is provided with an interpretive framework by virtue of his theme
approach to the Qur’an. Understanding the Qur’anic key themes helps readers make sense of
broad ideas and uncover subtle motifs that the Qur’anic literary complexity would have otherwise
obscured. All things considered, this work makes the Qur’an accessible in a way that few
academics have tried. Rahman illuminates concepts that are occasionally veiled. Rahman’s text is
appropriate for both beginners and scholars of the Qur’an. Anybody interested in learning more
about Qur’anic Islam or comprehending the major themes of the Qur’an should read them.
conclusion ?
Alkiyumi 8
References
Quran. (2022). The Qur’an (article) | Islam. Khan Academy.
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/approaches-to-art-history/understanding-religion-art/is
lam/a/the-quran#:~:text=Early%20 Qur
Rahman, F. (2019, April 1). Major Themes of the Qur’an. Training Leaders International.org.
https://trainingleadersinternational.org/jgc/82/major-themes-of-the-quran
wahb, Sh. yousef. (2023, September 18). An Introduction to ‘Ulum-al-Qur’an: The Field of
Qur’anic Studies. Yaqeen Institute for Islamic Research.
https://yaqeeninstitute.org/read/paper/an-introduction-to-ulum-al-quran-the-field-of-quranic-studi
es
Wikipedia Contributors. (2019, March 4). Quran. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran
Zeidan, A. (2023). fatihah | Surah, Prayer, & Beliefs. Encyclopedia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/fatihah
Final paper
Number of pages: at least 6 pages
Number of sources: 5 sources (using online websites needs the instructor’s permission)
Cita on style: students can use either the Chicago style, APA or the MLA
There are three di erent direc ons in which you can research and write the nal paper:
1) It can be based on the analysis of one (or a number) of the long chapters (chapters 2-80)
of the Qur’an in terms of major themes, occasions of revela on, structure,
interpreta on, moral lessons, audience, and purposes.
Example: You can examine Surat al-Shu’ara’ (26), which consists of the stories of previous
prophets, such as Noah, Moses, and Abraham. First, student have to talk about the
structure, major themes, and then the purposes of the chapter. At the center of this
chapter is the no on of prophethood in Islam. According to the Qur’an, God selects a
prophet and sends him as messenger to guide sinful and mislead people by reminding
them of God’s path (Mithaq = covenant). God rewards the ones who follow the
messengers and punishes the de ant ones. These stories provide moral lessons showing
the di cul es that these messengers faced and how God’s help causes Good ul mately
to prevail. These stories serve as reminder for Muhammad’s people (Arabs) to believe in
God and follow this divine message. Students have to use certain references to
illuminate the meaning of certain terms or names, such prophe c tradi on, Qur’anic
commentaries, the Tales of the Prophets.
2) The paper can focus on certain Qur’anic themes, such as:
a) The no on of mercy (rahma)
b) The Day of Judgment
c) inheritance
d) The no on of worship
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e) The ve pillars of Islam
f) Marriage and divorce
g) Women’s presenta on in the Qur’an
h) The point of me in the Qur’an
3) The paper can take the form of compara ve analysis by comparing the stories of the
prophets in the Qur’an and Bible or the Gospels. Such is the case with the following
themes:
a) The story of the Crea on
b) Qabil (Cain) and Habil (Abel)
c) The story of Adam’s fall from paradise
d) Noah and the story of the Flood
e) Abraham
f) Moses
g) David
h) Solomon
i) Joseph
j) Dhu al-Qarnayn (The two-horned one)
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k) Jesus
Final paper-Rubric
A er selec ng a topic for your nal paper (see the three models in which you can write this
paper), you need to address the following ques ons/instruc ons as you wri ng your paper:
General instruc ons (for all students)
1) Provide an introduc on that clearly prepares the reader for the main argument that you want
to develop in this paper.
2) State clearly the purpose of this paper (or what do seek to show/demonstrate by wri ng
this paper?)
3) Use sources, quota ons, cita ons in proper way and contextualize them correctly in the paper.
4) Organiza on: the paper should demonstrate a well-organized argument with coherent structure,
smooth transi ons, and an appropriate style.
5) Provide a conclusion in which you present the main points and ndings of the paper
6) Clear and e ec ve language
Papers that focus on a certain Qur’anic chapter
If your paper focuses on one (or more) Qur’anic chapter, you need address the following:
a. The major themes/issues of the chapter (or chapters)
b. audience and purposes
c. occasions of revela on (why were these verses revealed?)
d. Interpreta ons and applica ons to social/religious aspects of life
e. Prophe c messages and the moral lesson that one can nd these verses
Papers that focus on Compara ve Analysis
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If your paper is based on compara ve analysis between the Qur’an and Bible (or the
Gospels), you need to address the following:
a. Similari es and di erences in terms of, details, presenta ons, purposes, and structure
b. What do these di erences tell us about the Qur’an in terms of message and audience
c. How does the Islamic no on of prophethood appear in these verses, and how these
presenta ons are di erent from the Bible?
d. How can one see God’s plans/will in these verses?
e. For this paper you MUST use The Stories (Tales) of the Prophets, like that of al-Kisa’I, as
one of your sources.
Papers that focus on a certain Qur’anic theme
If your paper focuses on one Qur’anic theme, please address the following:
a. References to this theme in the Qur’an
b. In what ways, does this theme a ect modern social, religious, or poli cal life of
Muslims? Or, it s ll play role in their social or ritual life.
c. What are the main terms/words in which this theme appears in the Qur’an?
d. How does this theme play a role in the making of Islamic religious or historical
iden ty?
In your paper you have to use at least 5 sources (primary and secondary). The use of
online sources is subject to the instructor’s approval. The following rubric demonstrates
the di erent levels of expecta ons and the appropriate grade allocated to the di erent
levels of performances:
C- paper
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B- paper
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A- paper
D- paper
Thesis/ purpose/
problem/
statement
Specific, clear,
and creative
thesis statement
that is closely
related to the
paper main
argument.
The thesis
statement is
fully precise
and it shows
some relation
to the paper.
Organiza on
Well-organized
argument with
coherent
structure and
style. All issues
are addressed.
Some
Use of sources
Shows correct
application of
the sources
(minimum of 5)
in the argument.
well-supported
Argument with
examples from
both secondary
and primary
sources
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Cita ons and
quota ons
Quotations and
citations are
properly
contextualized
Vague thesis
statement. The
connection to
the paper’s
argument is
weak and
unclear.
The paper
organizational provides
problems: clear informa on,
argument yet, but it lacks a
wellsome of its
construc on
aspects are
and e ec ve
loosely
transi ons.
presented.
Most issues are A few issues are
Lack of a clear
thesis statement
with little or no
relation to the
paper main
argument.
Incoherent or
missing clear
argument and
organization.
Two issues or
less are
addressed.
addressed.
addressed.
Most sources
are used
adequately with
supporting
examples from
most sources
A few sources
are used and
are improperly
weaved into
the argument.
Less than two
or none are
used and are
insu ciently
applied in the
paper
Most
incorrect use
quota ons and of citations and
cita ons are
quotations
properly used
Cita ons or
quota ons are
missing or
unsuccessfully
applied
Introduc on
Paper includes a
clear
introduc on
that prepares
the reader for
the main
argument and
the issues
discussed in the
paper
Introduc on
appears in the
shape of an
execu ve
summary, but
does not
su ciently
preview the
paper.
Incomplete
and loosely
constructed
Introduc on is
missing or
shows no
connec on to
the other parts
of the paper
Languages and
structure
clear language :
no grammar or
style errors
Almost no
grammar and
style errors
A few
grammar or
style errors
Many
gramma cal,
spelling or
punctua on
– concise and
clear sentences
errors that
prevent a
coherent
argument
Conclusion
An e ec ve
presenta on of
the main points
and ndings of
the paper
The conclusion
is recognized,
but does not
fully capture
the main points
Incomplete
and loosely
constructed
conclusion
missing or
shows no
connec on to
the other parts
of the paper
Major
problems with
the format
Inconsistent or
missing
applica on of
format
and ndings of
the paper
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Cita on format
Proper use of
Has some
Chicago (APA or problems with
MLA) Style
the Chicago
(APA or MLA)
Style
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