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Must be two pages (keep it @ two–maximum). Please put the last reference in APA style and the quoted definition in the paragraph, please put the in-text citation for that. All in all please proofread, and feel free to add remarks to add or delete or reword or rephrase if need be. I just want to make sure the paper is free from grammatical errors and looks like a graduate-level application. The question below is what I answered. Please let me know if you think I answered all parts :)The NASW Code of Ethics (2021) describes social justice as a
core value of the social work profession. Define a social problem that is
important to you (e.g., immigration, gender equity, poverty, racism, disability
rights); and briefly outline your understanding of the problem/issue, how it is
a social justice issue, and the role of social work in addressing the issue.
Please use APA 7th edition citation style. (Prompt length: maximum of 2
pages/double spaced).
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The Racial Disparities Between Black Women vs Non-Black Women in Maternal Mortality
A social justice problem that is important to me is the high mortality rates among women
dying due to birthing complications especially black women in the US. The US has seen a rise in
deaths for pregnant women or women who have just given birth. The World Health Organization
describes maternal mortality as “the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of
termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and the side of the pregnancy, from any
cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management, but not from accidental or
incidental causes”. In a study where research used data from 1999 to 2019, they saw a spike in
mortality deaths from pregnant people from ages 10-54. They reported that there was a 505
increase in deaths from 1999 to the reported 1,205 deaths in 2019. There was an increase across
all racial and ethnic groups and a 40% increase overall. The MMR (median maternal ratio) range
increases between all racial and ethnic groups, but the largest increase was for black women. The
American Indian/Alaska Native population rose from 14 to 49.2. There was a rise in the maternal
death ratio from 9.6 to 20.9 among the Asian, Native Hawaiian, and other Pacific Islanders.
Hispanic patients rose from 9.6 to 19.1. Amongst the black population, there was an increase
from 26.7 to 55.4, the highest across all racial and minority groups. Black women reported
deaths are 2.6x higher than white women.
The leading causes of maternal death for black women were eclampsia, preeclampsia,
and postpartum cardiomyopathy. Black women experienced obstetric embolism and obstetric
hemorrhage 2.3 to 2.6 times their white counterparts. These were the four leading causes that
accounted for 59% of deaths for black women. The question looms: Why are black women
dying at disproportionate rates? The answer lies in the fact that we continue to fail black women
pre-pregnancy, during and after birth. As technology and education continue to advance, there is
still a stark reminder that certain factors exist where people of different racial/ethnic groups do
not get to benefit. Addressing the causes of healthcare disparities and the factors that lead to
pregnancy-related death is pertinent and it is how we implement solutions to close the gap
between different racial/ethnic groups and reduce the number of pregnancy-related deaths.
Factors like socioeconomic, pre-pregnancy care, prenatal care, post-pregnancy care, and quality
of hospitals determine life or death for black women. Inequality in healthcare means social,
economic, and environmental factors contribute to disparities in patient care quality. Being that
African Americans’ poverty rate doubles those of their white counterparts means they are already
at a disadvantage.
As social workers, our job is to help break down the barriers by raising awareness and
informing those who are less educated. Many black women have complained about being
ignored and unacknowledged by physicians and healthcare providers. My job as a social worker
will be to assist those in underserved communities in getting connected to better healthcare
facilities, prenatal care, and financial assistance. Educating and empowering women to advocate
for themselves is crucial. Networking with providers of healthcare as well to create a healthy
dialogue between patients and physicians highlighting health concerns and being proactive in
treatment. Collaborating with healthcare professionals and policymakers to dismantle structural
barriers and biases to decrease the risk of complications during pregnancy and after childbirth.
Creating a community to provide emotional support and counseling to combat postpartum
depression among expecting mothers. Educating physicians to be more culturally aware in
making a care plan for each patient
References
MacDorman, M., Thoma, M., Declcerq, E., & Howell, E. (2021). Racial and Ethnic
Disparities in Maternal Mortality in the United States Using Enhanced Vital
Records, 2016‒2017. American Journal of Public Health (1971), 111(9), 16731681.
Oribhabor, G. I., Nelson, M. L., Buchanan-Peart, K. R., & Cancarevic, I. (2020). A
Mother’s Cry: A Race to Eliminate the Influence of Racial Disparities on
Maternal Morbidity and Mortality Rates Among Black Women in America.
Cureus, 12(7), e9207. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.odu.edu/10.7759/cureus.9207
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/maternal-mortality/2021/maternal-mortality-rates2021.htm#:~:text=In%202021%2C%20the%20maternal%20mortality,for%20White%20a
nd%20Hispanic%20women.
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