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Manchester United Football Club Governance
Name
Institution
Course
Professor
Date
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Table of Contents
Contents
Page
a. History of Manchester United Football Club ……………………………………………………………….. 3
b. Governance structure, organizational structure, and staff …………………………………………………. 4
Governance Structure…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4
Board of Directors……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
Organizational Structure ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
Staff …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6
c. Mission, Values, and Goals of the Organization………………………………………………………………. 7
a.
Mission………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7
Goals Manchester United’s goals can be categorized into three main areas: 1. On-field success
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8
d. Manchester United’s Financial Information ……………………………………………………………………. 9
2. Broadcasting Revenue ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 9
3. Matchday Revenue…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10
Expenditures …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 10
e. Membership/Stakeholders …………………………………………………………………………………………… 11
f. Manchester United’s Key Policy Issues and Strategies……………………………………………………. 14
2. Player Recruitment…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 14
4. Social Responsibility ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
Policy Development Examples ……………………………………………………………………………………. 15
g. Career Development ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 16
Common Entry-Level Positions…………………………………………………………………………………… 17
References ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 18
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Manchester United Football Club
a. History of Manchester United Football Club
Formation and Early Years (1878-1902): Man Utd is an abbreviation of Manchester United
Football Club, founded in 1878 using Newton Heath Railway Company funds. During this time,
the team competed in the Lancashire and Manchester District Challenge Cups. Managing
financial problems forced the club to restructure its operations in 1902, leading to the formation
of Manchester United.
Post-World War II Success (1945-1969): Following the Second World War, when Matt Busby,
Manchester United led it, it became very successful. In 1952, they won their first division title,
marking an era known as the “Busby Babes’. However, this was a short-lived era after the
Munich Air Disaster 1958, when more than half the players were lost. Busby
European Glory and Sir Matt Busby’s Legacy (1968-1986): In 1968, Manchester United
became the first English club in Europe when it win the European Cup. But, the club went
downhill following Busby’s retirement in 1969. However, several managers attempted to replace
Busby without success.
The Ferguson Era (1986-2013): Sir Alex Ferguson assumed charge of Manchester United in
1986, which saw unprecedented success for this team. Ferguson’s tenure saw Manchester United
win several domestic and European honors, including 13 Premier League championships, 5 FA
Cups, and 2 UEFA Champions Leagues (Baldi, 2023). In fact, at that period, Manchester United
was considered one of the best football teams across the whole globe.
Post-Ferguson Era (2013-Present): In 2013, Sir Alex Ferguson retired a bit, and the team has
had trouble holding at that same level of success (Baldi, 2023). David Moyes, Louis van Gaal,
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Jose Mourinho, and Ole Gunnar Solkjær are among several other managers who each took the
lead under varying success conditions. Eric Ten Hag is the current coach for Manchester United
and has been looking for a way back into the top echelon of football in England and Europe.
Achievements and Notable Records: Manchester United has many records and honors as its
credit, such as being the first club to win both the Premier and FA Cups in the same season in the
year 93/94. Manchester United is a club with fans throughout all corners of the world and is still
the most famous football team on earth. The storied Theatre of Dreams, often referred to as Old
Trafford Stadium of the club, still dominates the football world.
b. Governance structure, organizational structure, and staff
Governance Structure
In other professional football clubs, Manchester United Football Club operates within an
established governance structure. Over the years, Joel Glazer and Avram Glazer, members of the
Glazer family, have been actively participating in the ownership process of Manchester United
and other affairs about making relevant decisions for such a club (Damms, 2021). In 2005, the
Glazors bought it using a leveraged buyout that was very contentious. The family’s ownership
has been a much-debated topic and a source of minor contention within the fandom. The
executive leadership team and the board of directors monitor daily management and governance.
The committee comprises principal people involved in the formulating strategies, budgeting, and
leadership of the club. It is typical for the CEO or the Executive Vice Chairman to assume an
essential position in the governance mechanism whereby the direction spelled by the ownership
is realized.
Board of Directors
It has essential people charged with strategic planning, financial management, and
general club direction. A governance system can also include the involvement of the chief
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executive officer (CEO) or an executive vice-chairperson. Joel Glazer (Co-Chairman and
Director): One of the co-chairs of Manchester United is Joe Lazer, who is actively involved in
the strategic decision-making and execution of various club programs. He is a representative of
the Glazer family in the club. Avram Glazer (Co-Chairman and Director): Another co-chairman,
Avram Glajzer, is interested in the club’s ownership and decision-making process. Ed Woodward
(Executive Vice-Chairman): The executive vice president, Ed Woodward resigned from this role,
and recently, a new head, Richard Arnold, has been appointed (Meier et al., 2022). Richard
Arnold (Group Managing Director): The refurbished structure saw Richard Arnold, in charge of
managing the commercial and operational functions of the club, such as partnership agreements
with sponsors, marketing, and other forms of business strategies before his resignation. John
Murtough (Football Director): John Murtough is the Football Director who deals with issues of
transferring players, signing contracts, and a general football strategy. Darren Fletcher
(Technical Director): Darren Fletcher, as technical director, looks after footballing development
and planning transition from the academy to the first team.
The governance of Manchester United incorporates fan representation as one of its most
noteworthy features. In turn, the club created the Fans’ Forum as a stage for fans to communicate
with the club management and give suggestions for improvement. This initiative may not be
directly connected to the decision-making process, but it shows the team’s willingness to
communicate with its fans.
Organizational Structure
Manchester United follows a conventional structure of clubs with many divisions in
charge of various areas of the club’s operation. The key departments include:
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•
Football Operations: It oversees matters about the game, such as signing players,
negotiating contracts, and dealing with the coaching staff.
•
Commercial and Marketing: Enhances the club’s global branding by managing its
commercial partnerships, sponsorships, and marketing drives.
•
Finance and Administration: He deals with financial management, budgeting,
administration, and other functions to make the club healthy financially.
•
Media and Communications: Oversees the club’s PR, media relations, and
communications strategy designed to interact with fans/public.
•
Youth Development: The youth academy involves nurturing and developing
youth talent that can make it into the main squad.
•
Stadium Operations: Responsible for daily operations at Old Trafford, the club’s
stadium, such as logistics on match days, fan experience, and facilities
management.
•
Medical and Sports Science: He provides medical support to players and manages
all sports science programs designed to improve players’ fitness and performance.
Staff
Manchester United’s team comprises people with various professional backgrounds, such
as footballers, coaching staff, and office administrators. Key staff members include:
•
First Team Manager and Coaching Staff: In charge of sessions, tactics, and day-today match strategies.
•
Football Players: Professional squad, young players, and future players.
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•
Administrative and Support Staff: People involved are in finance, marketing,
administration, and human resources, among others, who do not have any relationship
with football.
•
Medical and Sports Science Professionals: The physio, doctor, and medical teams.
•
Commercial and Marketing Professionals: Responsible for acquiring sponsorships
and partnerships and overseeing the club’s image.
•
Stadium Operations Personnel: Helps Old Trafford run smoothly on matchdays and
other occasions.
c. Mission, Values, and Goals of the Organization
a. Mission
Manchester United’s mission is concise and ambitious: “to become the best football club in
the world – on and off the pitch” represents its wish for the club’s persistence in sports
competition development and improvement of social relations in the city and the fans around the
globe.
b. Values
Though Manchester United has no officially stated values, its acts and initiatives suggest some
essential principles the company adheres to. These values include:
•
U.N.I.T.E.D.: UNITE – UNDER the same TENT is an acronym meaning Unite, Nurture,
Invest, together, Excellence & Diversity. This shows that the club appreciates diversity
and has a vision of providing development opportunities for young individuals, investing
in local and global issues, and excellence.
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•
Winning the United Way: The saying underscores the need for playing with dedication,
an individual attack based on the specific characteristics of the team and its tradition.
•
Community engagement: The Manchester United Foundation uses football to empower
young people in the community and foster social betterment.
•
Global responsibility: The club acknowledges its worldwide impact and uses its influence
to champion good morals and contribute to several international charity campaigns.
Goals
Manchester United’s goals can be categorized into three main areas:
1. On-field success
• Consistently win domestic and international titles home.
•
Maintain an environment conducive to developing young kids into quality
performers for international audiences.
•
A high-scoring and entertaining team play.
2. Off-field growth
•
Increase global fanbase and engagement.
•
Enhance commercial revenues and partnerships.
•
Invest in infrastructure and technology.
3. Positive impact
•
Use football power to motivate and develop children’s lives.”
•
Effective use of MUF to drive positive social change.
•
Foster diversity, tolerance, and equal opportunities in the club and
community.
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d. Manchester United’s Financial Information
Manchester United generates its income through three primary streams:
1. Commercial Revenue
The most significant form of revenue that generates the lion’s share of about 60% of the total
intake for Manchester United comes from sponsorships. It includes:
•
Sponsorship: For example, Manchester United’s international sponsors
include, among others, Adidas, Team Viewer, Chevrolet, and Kohler,
whose contributions are a significant form of income for the club.
•
Retail, merchandising, apparel & product licensing: Another source of
income for the club is the sale of merchandise such as kits, jerseys,
equipment, and other apparel with their logo. The company also licenses
our brand and logo to third-party manufacturers selling products such as
clothes, toys, etc., sold on the market.
•
Mobile & content: For example, Manchester United’s mobile app earns
from selling subscriptions, adverts, and in-app products on MUTV.
2. Broadcasting Revenue
This accounts for roughly 25% of Manchester United’s total revenue and includes:
•
Premier League broadcasting: Part of the television and streaming fees for
premier league games goes to the club according to its ranking in the
league and how it plays.
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•
Champions League and other competitions: Broadcast revenue from
participation in the UEFA Champions League and other European
competitions.
•
International broadcasting rights: Manchester United has enormous
overseas followers, making it a viable business partner for lucrative
international broadcasting.
3. Matchday Revenue
This accounts for the remaining 15% of Manchester United’s total revenue and includes:
•
Ticket sales: Income achieved through tickets sold at home matches
played at Old Trafford.
•
Hospitality: Revenue earned through corporate boxes, premium seating,
and hospitality.
•
Concessions: revenue generated from food, soft drink sales, retail, and
merchandising at Old Trafford on match days.
Expenditures
Manchester United’s primary expenditures include:
•
Player wages and salaries: The club makes up many expensively hired athletes,
constituting most of its expenses (Foley, 2022).
•
Transfer fees: Manchester is known for buying new players at a high cost.
•
Managerial and coaching staff: The costs are also the manager’s salary, the coaching
staff’s salary, and other supporting personnel salaries.
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•
Operational costs: They also cater for operational expenses related to the match days at
Old Trafford, maintenance, or other events held at the training facilities and the
infrastructure.
•
Marketing and advertising: To achieve this, Manchester United invests in Marketing and
Advertising to promote the brand and expand its reach beyond Europe.
•
Community initiatives: It is worth mentioning that part of the money is channeled
towards supporting the club’s community objectives by the Manchester United
Foundation.
e. Membership/Stakeholders
Stakeholders in a football club like Manchester United include a diverse range of
individuals and entities, each with a specific role and level of involvement. Here’s an overview of
key stakeholders associated with Manchester United:
•
Owners (The Glazer Family): The Glazer family, led by individuals like Joel
Glazer and Avram Glazer, is the primary owner of Manchester United (Damms,
2021). They significantly influence the club’s overall strategy, financial decisions,
and direct business operations.
•
Management and Executives: The executive leadership team, including roles
like the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Chief Operating Officer (COO), and
other top executives, plays a crucial role in the day-to-day operations and strategic
direction of the club. Responsibilities may include financial management,
commercial activities, and football operations.
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•
Coaching Staff: They include the head coach or manager, assistant coaches, and
other technical support. The coach trainers them in addition to devising tactics
and overseeing how the team performs on the field.
•
Players: Important stakeholders include the players themselves. These players
symbolize the club in the playing pitch and they help in winning the club points
and goals. Players are involved in the training, the actual matches, communicating
with fans and other areas.
•
Manchetster United’s fan base is pivotal among other stakeholders. The fans
have an emotional attachment with the team’s performance and create a lively
environment for the contests. Through their presence, purchase of branded stuff,
and online channels, they influence the club’s global outlook and influence.
•
Staff and Employees: In addition to having players and coaching staff, there is a
larger staff and employees working in areas of administration, marketing, finance,
operations, facility management, among others in Manchester United.
•
Sponsors and Commercial Partners: Stake holders include companies and
brands that have business relationships, like to sponsorship and commercial
partnerships with Manchester United.” They have commercial interests where
they buy into the club with a marketing exposure, brand associations, and
business opportunities.
•
Football Authorities (Premier League, UEFA): The Premier League and UEFA
(Union of European Football Associations) are football governing bodies
overseeing domestic and international competitions. Manchester United’s
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participation in these competitions is subject to the rules and regulations set by
these authorities.
•
Local Community: The local community surrounding Old Trafford is also a
stakeholder. The club’s activities, events, and engagement with the community
contribute to its social impact.
•
Media and Broadcasters: Media outlets and broadcasting companies have a
stake in Manchester United’s success, contributing to viewership, advertising
revenue, and overall interest in football.
•
Academy and Youth Development Stakeholders: Individuals involved in the
club’s youth development programs, including young players, parents, and
coaches, are stakeholders. The academy is crucial for nurturing talent and
maintaining a sustainable pipeline of players for the first team.
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f. Manchester United’s Key Policy Issues and Strategies
Although Manchester United is a successful brand worldwide, it faces policy issues that
need continuous monitoring. Here are some key examples:
1. Ownership and Governance:
•
Fan discontent: For quite some time, Manchester United club’s fans have been
discontented for not putting money into the club structure and playing squad but
concentrated on their interests for financial benefits (Sansom, 2023). This saw a rise in
protests, boycotts, and fan demands that the Glazers sell off the club.
•
Decision-making structure: Criticism has been made of the club’s secretive,
undemocratic systems that do not allow room for fans. Fans, for instance, feel that their
interests should also be considered, and they consider themselves consultants about the
club’s directives and policies.
2. Player Recruitment
•
Transfer strategy: Recently, even Man United’s transfer strategy has been questioned
as irregular and often hasty, while the assembled team doesn’t seem well-balanced or
coherent (Marcotti, 2023). Fans call for an analytical and rational recruitment policy.
•
High player wages: High player wages in the club restrict its flexibility in the transfer
market and reduce its competitiveness in luring the best players. Striking a balance
between reasonable payments for the players’ performance and a sustainable revenue
model is still an issue.
3. Financial Management
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•
Debt burden: Since it was a leveraged takeover for Manchester United, the Glazers
have left the club with many debts, affecting the company’s flexibility in finances
and spending in strategic sectors (Martin, 2023). Long-term objectives such as
reducing debts and adopting viable financial strategies should be considered.
•
Financial Fair Play: UEFA’s Financial Fair Play rules prohibit clubs from spending
more than the generated revenue; therefore, the club has encountered some
difficulties in this regard. Finding the means of remaining competitive while
abiding by such provisions is always an ongoing challenge.
4. Social Responsibility
•
Diversity and inclusion: Club criticism among leaders and staff due to non-diversity. It is
now starting to enact programs that support diversity and inclusiveness, though its
opponents continue to demand genuine movement.
•
Community engagement: Although the Manchester United Foundation provides a good
community engagement program for the Club, some people want them to extend their
commitments to social responsibility and beyond social issues within its area of
jurisdiction.
Policy Development Examples
•
Fan Advisory Board: To learn more about the fans, Manchester United management set
up a Fan Advisory Board where they met the fan representatives and discussed vital
concerns about development and decisions. This can be viewed as a positive step in
handling problems with fan representation and transparency.
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•
Recruitment Strategy Review: The club aims to revise its rules concerning recruiting
senior players to improve its ability to find good athletes. It also includes using analytical
data and emphasis on long-term interventions instead of short-term solutions.
•
Financial Sustainability Committee: The club has formed a financial sustainability
committee to help control its finances and stay within Financial Fair Play regulations. It
also indicates their determination to exercise proper financial accounting and control.
•
Diversity and Inclusion Action Plan: This is shown in Manchester United’s “Diversity
and Inclusion Action Plan,” which shows their actions toward increasing diversity. These
include, among other things, unconscious bias training and special recruitment programs.
•
Community Partnerships: The club works with some agencies dealing with
environmental protection and education to address pressing social ills facing its
surrounding community. Such partnerships are in education, youth development, and
health.
g. Career Development
Depending on the position in a football club such as Manchester United, the career trajectory
varies according to the division. However, a typical course might look like the following:
•
Entry-Level Position: Many people begin their careers with entry-level posts where they
gradually understand how clubs operate. These positions are in different departments,
e.g., communications, marketing, ticketing, and operations.
•
Specialized Roles: Individuals, with time, can specialize in certain functions of their
career areas. To illustrate, one could be in marketing and narrow down to digital
marketing, partnerships ship, or events.
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•
Managerial Roles: Experienced and successful personnel may move to the management
level in their departments, supervising teams or entire projects.
•
Executive Leadership: In other instances, people may become the Chief Marketing
Officer, Financial Officer, or even the Chief Operating Officer.
•
Executive Board or CEO: At the pinnacle of the career path, an outstanding individual
may be promoted to the executive board or even assume the football club’s CEO role.
Common Entry-Level Positions
• Marketing Assistant: Helping create and implement marketing projects, e-content,
and promotions.
•
Communications Coordinator: Assisting the communications team with
controlling media relations, making press releases, and coordinating public
relations events.
•
Ticketing Representative: Matchday ticketing procedures for fans, answering their
queries during ticketing, and handling ticketing operations.
•
Operations Assistant: Assessing different areas of operational assistance such as
logistics, facilities management, and matchday operations.
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References
Baldi, R. (2023). They Always Score: The Unforgettable, Improbable, Iconic Story of
Manchester United’s Treble Winners. Birlinn Ltd.
Damms, C. (2021). Different Class: The Creation of the Premier League and the
Commercialization of English Football. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5052-7124
Foley, M. (2022, March 23). Manchester United pay their players a lot of money according to
French publication l’equipe – the warm-up. Eurosport.
https://www.eurosport.com/football/premier-league/2021-2022/manchester-united-paytheir-players-a-lot-of-money-according-to-french-publication-l-equipe-thewarm_sto8856846/story.shtml
Marcotti, G. (2023, August 30). Why is it that man United keep spending, but their squad is still
thin?. ESPN.com. https://www.espn.co.uk/football/story/_/id/38289362/man-unitedsquad-lack-depth-not-win-trophies
Martin, R. (2023, September 27). The Glazers must take the blame for exhausted man utd’s
miserable end to the season – the team are paying the price for the owners lack of vision
and short-term fixes. Goal.com. https://www.goal.com/en/lists/glazers-must-take-blameexhausted-man-utd-miserable-end-season/blt939e4b0861129acc
Meier, H. E., García, B., Konjer, M., & Jetzke, M. (2022). The short life of the European Super
League: A case study on institutional tensions in sport industries. Managing Sport and
Leisure, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2022.2058071
Sansom, D. (2023, November 22). The Glazers at Manchester United: The story of their
turbulent tenure so far. Sky Sports. https://www.skysports.com/football/story-
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telling/11667/12987531/the-glazers-at-manchester-united-the-story-of-their-turbulenttenure-so-far
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