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1. Describe the growth of the first party system in the United States.
How did these parties come to develop? How did they define
themselves, both independently and in opposition to one another?
Where did they find themselves in agreement?
Chapter 7: Creating Republican Governments, 1776-1790Chapter
8: Growing Pains: The New Republic, 1790-1820
2. What does it mean to be a good person?
(https://leocontent.umgc.edu/content/umuc/tus/phil/phil100/2232/w
5-p1-required-reading–1–what-is-ethics-.html)
(https://leocontent.umgc.edu/content/umuc/tus/phil/phil100/2232/w
5-p1-required-reading–2–themes-in-ethics.html)
https://leocontent.umgc.edu/content/umuc/tus/phil/phil100/2232/w5
-p1-required-reading–3–non-western-traditions-of-ethics.html
Compare how at least two (2) philosophers / texts in part 2 address
these questions and explain how they compare to your own
understanding of the question. Use what you have learned in the
Required Readings on Ethics, the hermeneutic circle of meaning in
the texts you’ve selected, your own judgments and reasoning to
make your case. Remember the requirement to quote both from the
Required Readings and the Philosophical Texts at least once each in
your Original Post.
2 responses to the question below
3. Describe popular attitudes towards African Americans, women,
and Indians in the wake of the Revolution. In what ways did the
established social and political order depend upon keeping
members of these groups in their circumscribed roles? If those
roles were to change, how would American society and politics
have had to adjust?
At the beginning of the American Revolution, colonial society had welldifferentiated groups, with some greater rights than others. During the
Revolutionary War, African Americans, both free and enslaved, fought
in the war alongside the colonists. This active participation challenged
prevailing perceptions and stereotypes about African Americans. It
showed that they were capable and deserving of freedom and equal
treatment. However, despite their contributions, after the Revolution,
African Americans still faced discrimination and unequal treatment.
They continued to be marginalized and denied full rights and
opportunities in American society. The Revolution also impacted the
social and political status of women. With men away at war, women
were left to manage households, farms, and businesses. This experience
of taking on traditionally male responsibilities highlighted women’s
capabilities and independence. It challenged the idea that women were
limited to domestic roles. However, despite their contributions, women
were largely excluded from the political sphere and denied the right to
vote or hold public office. The established social order depended on
keeping women in their traditional roles as wives, mothers, and
caretakers. The Revolution had little direct impact on Native Americans.
The established social and political order primarily ignored or
marginalized Native American tribes. They were considered obstacles
to westward expansion, and their lands were often taken away through
treaties or force. Native Americans faced displacement, loss of culture,
and discrimination even after the Revolution.
If these roles were to change, American society and politics would have
had to undergo significant adjustments by establishing social and
political order heavily dependent on the subjugation and
marginalization of African Americans, women, and Native Americans.
Changes would have required a shift in societal attitudes, policies, and
laws, meaning acknowledging the rights and equality of these groups,
providing them with access to education, economic opportunities,
political participation, and ending discrimination. Such changes would
have fundamentally transformed American society and politics, creating
a more inclusive and equitable nation.
2 responses to the question below.
4. What does personal identity consist of?
The question of “what does personal identity consist of?” has been
explored by many philosophers. John Locke and David Hume are two
philosophers who have given their personal view on personal
identity. In the philosophical text, “An Essay Concerning Humane
Understanding” by John Locke, he speaks about personal identity
being a matter of psychological continuousness. According to John
Locke, personal identity is founded on consciousness. It has nothing
to do with our soul or body. John Locke states, “SELF is that
conscious thinking thing,—whatever substance made up of, (whether
spiritual or material, simple or compounded, it matters not)—which is
sensible or conscious of pleasure and pain, capable of happiness or
misery, and so is concerned for itself, as far as that consciousness
extends.” (Locke). Locke argues that the body may change but the
personal identity of a person will remain the same.
David Hume thoughts on personal identity are similar compared to
John Locke. Both philosophers use memory as the source of our
identity. However, David Hume argues against the notion of
personal identity over time. In the philosophical text, “A Treatise of
Human Nature” by David Hume he speaks about the personal
identity being merely impressions. In the text he states, “But as the
relations, and the easiness of the transition may diminish by
insensible degrees, we have no just standard, by which we can
decide any dispute concerning the time, when they acquire or lose a
title to the name of identity.” (Hume). He argues that there is no
permeant “self” as time continues. Instead, Hume states that the
memory is the source of our personal identity. The required reading
titled, ” Other Identity Theories” speaks about David Humes Bundel
Theory of Identity. In the text it states, “The question of personal
identity then becomes a matter of characterizing the loose cohesion
of one’s personal experience.” (Salazer). Humes reason behind his
theory is the memory is responsible for bringing together past
perceptions which creates one’s “self”. Our past perceptions make up
what we envision our self to be.
My understanding of personal identity is similar to David Hume and
John Locke. When I think of personal identity, I think of personal
traits, belief systems, morals, society, family and more. All of these
traits make up one’s personal identity. I agree with Hume and
Locke’s view on the memory shaping our identity. I especially agree
with Hume’s belief on past perceptions coming together to create
our identity. The past influences who we are in the present.
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