Description
Answer this Question this P.I.C.O. question In hospitalized adults undergoing surgical procedures, does the use of chlorhexidine gluconate compared to povidone-iodine as preoperative skin preparation reduce the incidence of surgical site infections?Find 7 peer review journal peer articles and use them as evidence to back the question. If possible have the journal articles be within 5 years. More detailed instructions on the attached file. Please no AI and follow directions on the attachment.A table of evidence will also be used for the journal articles.
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READ AND FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS
Formatting and style prescribed by the American Psychological Association (2020) are
required for this examination (e.g., pagination, margins, font). Guidelines are described in
the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association: The Official Guide to
APA Style (7th edition). American Psychological Association.
Includes the title page, body of the paper, and Table
of Evidence
o Use the TITLE PAGE template on p.10
Otherwise, formatting is prescribed by the APA Manual.
On page 2, begin the essay. Not exceed 15 pages.
Tables and figures must follow the sequence of the writing. A Table of Evidence (TOE)
summarizing published works included in the literature review is required (see exemplar).
A full citation, not in-text citation, for each article must be included in the TOE. TOEs may be
single-spaced. TOE margins on the template will differ from the format of the main body of
the exam and bibliography.
Evaluate existing nursing and health care research and to translate
research and clinical outcomes studies into practice. The exam addresses the following
clinical nurse leader core competencies:
1) critical thinking (apply research-based knowledge from nursing and the
sciences as the foundation for evidence-based practice);
2) communication (produce clear, accurate, and relevant writing);
3) illness and disease management (synthesize data, information, and
knowledge on client outcomes and modify interventions to improve health care
outcomes);
4) human diversity (provide holistic care that addresses the needs of diverse
populations across the life span), and
5) health care systems and policy (interpret health care research for consumers and
officials).
Students will choose one of the problems listed in Section 1 below, and will narrow the topic
to the student’s choice of a specific identified need/topic related to the problem (see
examples below on the right).
Narrowing of the topic will include a description of the scope of the problem in an identified
population. Students will be required to search the literature and select, summarize and
critique 7-10 relevant primary source articles (data-based). Although these articles may not
be reviews, clinical practice guidelines, meta-analyses, and review articles may be selected
and referenced throughout the paper to support the text. Findings will be critically analyzed
and nursing practice implications will be discussed. This paper also will address issues
related to translation of the evidence into practice.
Areas to address in the paper and evaluation criteria:
I.
Problem and context (18%)
1.
Identify a specific problem related to one of the following general topics:
1)
Nurse Burnout
2)
Infection Prevention
3)
Health Disparities
4)
Obesity
2.
Scope of patient problem: identifies the population, severity of problem, and current
prevention efforts/evidence-based practice guidelines, and how this applies to Nursing practice
Significance of problem and relevance to nursing care.
Organization of the problem/context section: Describes strategies for literature search and
rationale for articles selected. Students are encouraged to record features of the literature
search, including delimiters and narrowing factors, in a search diary to aid in their description.
Narrowing the topic – defines a researchable question and describes specific identified need
related to one of the general topics listed on the left.
Example
Pneumonia: Are males that smoke tobacco more likely to be readmitted to a hospital following
a diagnosis of pneumonia than otherwise similar men who vape nicotine?
Scope of problem: specifies the scope of the problem and should identify:
a.
the population at risk (e.g., age, gender, or if, relevant, a specific diagnosis. The
population may also refer to patients in a primary, secondary or tertiary health care setting)
b.
the epidemiology of the problem such as the severity, incidence, prevalence, and
associated morbidity and mortality characteristics of the problem.
c.
current primary, secondary, or tertiary prevention efforts aimed at resolving the
problem, including evidence-based practice guidelines.
3. Significance of problem: introduces the importance of addressing the problem within a
system of care and the relevance to nursing care.
4. Organization of the problem/context section: clearly describes conceptualization of approach
to problem, strategies for literature searching and rationale for articles selected for review
(e.g., describe databases searched, search terms used, selection criteria for articles).
II. Literature Review: Critical Analysis (37%)
1.
Presents one or more conceptual/theoretical perspectives.
2.
Addresses elements of critique for each article within a Table of Evidence (ToE).
3.
Findings from table are accurately referred to in the text of the paper.
4.
Quality of critique and interpretation: individual results are interpreted and evaluated
accurately in terms of contribution to knowledge and to nursing practice.
5.
Healthcare systems issues are considered.
1.
Quality of theoretical discussion: clearly discusses one or more conceptual/theoretical
perspectives
2.
Addresses elements of critique for each article within the ToE
Table clearly presents (see Template):
a.
full citation for each article (including DOI if available)
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
study sample and selection criteria
study procedures
measurement tools
results
conclusions
limitations and threats to validity
Uses 7th edition APA format to cite references; full reference for summarized articles is
presented in both the Table of Evidence and the reference list. You may single space your table.
3.
Findings are summarized in the ToE are accurately referred to in the text of the paper.
4.
Interprets results and evaluates potential contribution to knowledge and to nursing
practice.
5.
Discusses the impact of the problem or its resolution on the health care system.
*Non-data-based articles may be referenced in support of points throughout the paper.
III. Synthesis and Application (36%)
1.
Critical analysis of strengths, weaknesses; highlights the accomplishments found in the
literature search.
2.
Synthesis: integrates and describes the relationship among major findings and identifies
challenges or support of existing theory.
3.
Discusses significance of these findings for nursing practice.
4.
Accurately identifies unanswered questions and specific directions for future research.
1.
Critical analysis: analyzes the body of literature that was reviewed in Section II with
identification of strengths and weaknesses. Summarizes significant accomplishments according
to the literature.
2.
Integration and synthesis: describe the relationship among major findings, including
challenges or support of existing theories or theoretical frameworks.
3.
Discusses significance of these findings for nursing practice.
4.
Discusses the impact of the problem or its resolution on the health care system.
Describes future directions for research on the topic, based on the synthesis of findings/gaps.
Integrates and continues the threads of the chosen conceptual/theoretical perspectives in the
discussion.
IV.
Organization and Clarity (9%)
1.
15-page limit – excluding Table and reference. Faculty readers will stop reading after
page max and score based only on the pages within the page max.
2.
APA format throughout.
3.
Spelling, grammar, clarity, organization appropriate for graduate level scholarly paper.
1.
The 15-page limit excludes the Table of Evidence and the bibliography (references
listed). Faculty readers will stop reading after the end of the 15th page of the narrative and will
score the exam based only on the pages within the maximum.
2.
APA format throughout.
3.
Spelling, grammar, clarity, organization appropriate for graduate level scholarly paper.
Table of Evidence Example
Table
Table of Evidence
Author,
Year
Purpos
e
Author(s),
Year,
Title,
Journal,
Volume,
(Issue),
pp.
DOI
(Digital
Object
Identifier,
when
available,
preferable
in URL
format)
(APA
format)
To
explain,
examin
e,
describ
e,
compar
e,
predict,
etc.
Sample
&
Setting
Age
(means,
SD)
Sex
(M/F)
Ethnicity
Diagnos
is
Etc.
Methods
Design
Interventions
Measures
Design
Procedures
Description of
(Interventions
Who, When, Where,
Why,
How, How often
administered)
Results
DATA
and
significan
ce;
Include
Numbers,
Percents,
Means,
SDs, ttests, pSetting: Comparison
Clinic,
Groups if any, and values,
ChiHome,
timing of outcome
Squares
Hospital measures
(χ2,
Country,
Measures/Instrume Coefficien
Etc.
ts, Rnts used:
Description of items, squares,
Discussion,
Interpretatio
n,
Limitation
of Findings
Summarize
findings;
Interpretatio
n;
Limitations—
strengths
and
weaknesses
(threats to
validities
[from N204]:
construct,
internal,
statistical
conclusion
Author,
Year
APA would
indicate
using an
“in text
citation
here”
since full
citation is
in
“Referenc
es” – only
“author(s)
(year)”
(I.V.)
Purpos
e
Sample
&
Setting
(as
indicate
d)
Methods
Design
Interventions
Measures
Scoring &
Interpretation;
Reliability, Validity
of instruments;
administration (who,
when, where, how,
how often
administered)
Discussion,
Interpretatio
Results
n,
Limitation
of Findings
variation – and external
i.e. actual validity),
statistical
results,
Implications
NOT just
for Practice,
p values
Patient
Etc…
Teaching,
(note,
Future
nearly all
Research,
Roman
Conclusions
character
s used as
statistical
notation
are
italicized
whereas
Greek
character
s [α, β]
are not)
Use separate
ROW for
EACH
reference –
[REQUIRED]
•
•
•
•
Table should be Single Spaced. All VERTICAL lines are removed (APA).
NOTE: The “Repeat Header Row” function has been activated so the “headings” of each
column will be automatically inserted on each successive page
Use bullet points, phrases, not complete sentences; be concise and succinct; be
selective and be relevant to the research question and selected population.
FONTS: APA 7th recommends Sans Serif fonts as well – (This is “Calibri”, a Sans Serif
font)
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