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Women’s Mental Health Case Study Analysis
Points: 50
Objective:
The aim of this assignment is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the unique
mental health issues faced by women. You will be expected to analyze a real or
hypothetical case study, apply relevant theories and models, and propose interventions
or treatment plans.
Instructions:
1. Select a Case Study (10 points): Choose a real (from a public news story), fictional
(found in Literature, TV, or film) or hypothetical case that involves a woman
dealing with a mental health issue. You may NOT use someone you know (such
as your mother, sister, wife) nor may you use yourself. This should be a case
from a peer-reviewed article, a book, or a reliable online source, or you can create
a hypothetical scenario. Remember, the case should be complex enough to allow
a detailed analysis. Provide a brief summary of the case. If you choose a
hypothetical case this is how you could approach it. Create a Hypothetical Case:
You can create a hypothetical case based on your understanding of a specific
mental health issue. This hypothetical case should be realistic and based on
scientific knowledge of the condition. Give your hypothetical case a background
history that fleshes out her story.
2. Background Research (10 points): Conduct background research on the particular
mental health issue presented in your chosen case. Discuss its prevalence, how it
specifically affects women, and any unique challenges it presents for diagnosis
and treatment.
3. Theoretical Analysis (10 points): Apply at least two theoretical frameworks from
our course to analyze the case. Discuss how these theories help explain the
woman’s experience and the development of her mental health issue. For
example: Feminist theory, Cognitive-Behavioral theory, Jungian Psychoanalytic
theory, etc.
4. Treatment Plan (10 points): Based on your analysis, propose a comprehensive
treatment plan for the woman in your case study. This should include therapeutic
approaches, any necessary medical interventions, and supportive measures for
her wellbeing. Justify your choices based on the research and theories you have
discussed.
5. Reflection (10 points): Reflect on what this case study and your analysis reveal
about women’s mental health more broadly. What insights does it provide about
the intersection of gender and mental health? How might these insights inform
future research, policy, or practice?
Submission:
Your assignment should be 6-8 pages excluding your reference page, double-spaced, in
APA format. Be sure to cite all sources appropriately. Use 5-8 scholarly resources or
more for this assignment. You may use biographies and news articles as a reference in
ADDITION to the 5-8 scholarly resources.
What is a Scholarly resource?
A scholarly resource for this assignment is a source that has been peer-reviewed and
published in a reputable academic or professional venue. These sources are often
written by experts in the field, such as professors or professionals with advanced
degrees, and they are typically aimed at an academic audience.
Scholarly resources include peer-reviewed journal articles, academic books published by
university presses, chapters from such books, and proceedings from academic
conferences. They often include an abstract, a literature review, methodology, results,
and a discussion section.
These sources are considered reliable because they have been vetted by other experts in
the field through a process known as peer review. Before being published, these works
are reviewed and critiqued by other scholars who assess the quality, rigor, and
significance of the research.
For the assignment, using scholarly resources would involve finding and citing these
types of sources to support your analysis and conclusions. You would typically find these
resources through academic databases like PubMed, PsycINFO, JSTOR, or your
university’s library resources.
Rubric:
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•
•
•
•
Case Study Selection and Summary: 10 points
Background Research: 10 points
Theoretical Analysis: 10 points
Treatment Plan: 10 points
Reflection: 10 points
Due Date: November 18th (See Assignment Tab for Due Dates)
Remember, the goal is not just to describe the case, but to critically analyze it using the
knowledge you have gained from this course.
FORMAT of you PAPER:
A title page or abstract is NOT required. The main body of an APA formatted paper
incorporates the use of headings and subheadings to categorize different sections. The
entirety of the text is double-spaced, and each paragraph starts with a half-inch
indentation from the left margin.
After the completion of the main body, the reference list commences on a new page.
The term “References” is placed at the center of the page without any bold, italic, or
underline formatting. The entries in the reference list are also double-spaced, with each
entry formatted with a hanging indent.
The entries are arranged in alphabetical order based on the authors’ last names, and
authors’ initials are used rather than their full first and middle names. The titles of
articles, books, and journals are italicized. The year of publication is mentioned in
parentheses after the authors’ names.
In case of articles and chapters, the title of the article or chapter is mentioned first,
followed by the title of the book or journal, and then the volume and issue number, if
applicable. For books, the title of the book is followed by the edition (if not the first), the
city of publication, and the name of the publisher.
Here are some examples of common APA reference list entries:
•
•
•
•
Journal Article: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article. Title of
Journal, volume number(issue number), pages. https://doi.org/xxxx
Links to an external site.
Book: Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book. Publisher.
Website: Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of web document/page. Site
Name. URL
Women’s Mental Health Case Study Analysis Rubric
Case Study Selection and Summary (10 points)
10 points: The case study selected is relevant and provides a comprehensive overview, highlighting the
key mental health issue faced by the woman in question. If hypothetical, the case is realistic and
supported by scientific knowledge.
7 points: The case study is relevant but lacks some details. If hypothetical, there might be minor
discrepancies in its realism or scientific basis.
4 points: The case study is only somewhat relevant or lacks significant details. If hypothetical, there are
noticeable issues with realism or scientific grounding.
1 point: The case study is not relevant, lacks clear details or understanding. If hypothetical, it is not at all
realistic or scientifically based.
0 points: No case study provided or it is completely off-topic.
Background Research (10 points)
10 points: Comprehensive research on the mental health issue, discussing its prevalence, impact on
women, and challenges in diagnosis/treatment. Well-supported by scholarly resources.
7 points: Good research but lacking depth in one or more areas. Adequately supported by scholarly
resources.
4 points: Limited research. Significant gaps in understanding or lacking sufficient scholarly support.
1 point: Minimal research provided with major gaps or misconceptions.
0 points: No research provided or completely off-topic.
Theoretical Analysis (10 points)
10 points: Detailed application of at least two theoretical frameworks, offering clear insights into the
woman’s experience and mental health issue development.
7 points: Application of two theories, but lacking depth or clarity in one or both. Still offers some insight.
4 points: Only one theory applied or significant misunderstandings in application. Limited insights.
1 point: Minimal theoretical analysis, with major gaps or misconceptions.
0 points: No theoretical analysis provided or completely off-topic.
Treatment Plan (10 points)
10 points: Comprehensive and well-justified treatment plan, covering therapeutic approaches, medical
interventions, and support measures. Directly based on research and theories discussed.
7 points: Good treatment plan but lacking in one or more areas. Mostly justified by research and
theories.
4 points: Limited treatment plan with significant gaps or not well-supported by research/theories.
1 point: Minimal treatment plan with major issues in relevance or justification.
0 points: No treatment plan provided or completely off-topic.
Reflection (10 points)
10 points: Deep reflection on the broader implications of the case for women’s mental health. Provides
insightful perspectives on gender and mental health intersections and implications for future research or
policy.
7 points: Good reflection but lacking depth in some areas. Some insights provided.
4 points: Limited reflection with significant gaps in understanding or insights.
1 point: Minimal reflection with major misconceptions or lack of depth.
0 points: No reflection provided or completely off-topic.
Additional Notes:
Scholarly Resources: Ensure at least 5-8 scholarly resources are used and properly cited. Additional
biographies and news articles can be added but do not count toward this minimum.
APA Format: The paper must adhere to APA format guidelines as provided, including double-spacing,
appropriate use of headings/subheadings, and correct citation style in the reference list.
Remember, the goal is to critically analyze the case, not just describe it. Ensure you leverage the
knowledge gained from the course in your analysis.
Jane Doe
Women’s Mental Health
Background
Regina “Evil Queen” Mills was born in the Enchanted Forest to Prince Henry of the Enchanted Forest and
Cora the Miller’s daughter. Regina was raised in a society that mimicked the 19th century of England.
She was raised by a mother and a denounced prince. Cora was able to manipulate a situation so that
Regina was able to take advantage of a situation to become queen. Cora later used forms of abuse to
manipulate her daughter to eventually become what many called her, “The Evil Queen.”Regina was
described as a good person before her reign of revenge and tyrannical tendencies. Regina started this
form of revenge after a betrayal that later started her descent into madness as she tried to find a new
form of happiness.
The betrayal that started her descent was one that would change her attitude towards life. This began
with the loss of her lover, the betrayal of a secret, a forced marriage, and abuse from her mother.
Regina was in the forest with her lover, Daniel the Stable Boy, and while she was with him a young girl
was endangered of losing her life after a horse went rampant through the field. Regina saved the girl.
After saving the girl, Regina later learned that she was the daughter of King Leopold that lost his wife
many years before. This little girl would be known as Princess Snow White. The king offered Regina
marriage andRegina was later forced into an arranged marriage. She was forced to marry the king
because of her mother’s pressure.
In order for Regina to escape her life she killed her husband and then sent a huntsman to kill Snow
White. She scarified a part of her heart and learned magic to try to survive and bring her love of the
stable boy back to life. She was manipulated by Rumpelstiltskin for his own selfish reasons. Regina
would cast a curse to bring the people she hated to justice and to escape the horrors of her life. She
would kill her mother and later her father in the process to strive for her own happiness that she was
declined for many years.
Strengths
Regina managed to survive in a world that was defined by the inability for woman to take control of
their lives. In a difficult time she managed to elude the repression that was evident in her lifestyle and
survive by examining her weaknesses and trying to diminish them. Regina was the epitome of the
female archetype queen and amazon. She drew strength where there was little and managed to control
her life. She was a woman warrior that had a less than delicate character . She did not behave as what
was expected in her cultural and to the women of her time. She led a political upheaval and foreign
influences in regions of the area she lived in. She used this to survive in her time.
Regina had experiences with sexism. Based on her socioeconomic status and the experiences The king
was at times narcissistic and was self-entitled, this has been shown by proposing marriage and not
allowing Regina to decide if she wanted to get married or not. Though the proposition was asked of her
the king readily accepted the agreement that Regina’s mother proposed . King Leopod was dismissive of
Regina and at times he did not speak to her or of her beauty. Though at one point King Leopold did show
evidence of benevolent sexism.
The Queen Archetype showed the complex and personal relationship that had led to the responsibility
of providing an environment that was necessary for her subjects to survive. Though, this sounds strange
in the world that Regina lived in and her act of murder of both her mother and husband, as well as the
attempted murder of her stepdaughter, Regina exhibited the necessity and commitment needed to take
her role and the dedication to rule a kingdom. Regina was very good at manipulating her situations that
was necessary to control others.
The female type of warrior culture shows the power that is necessary while serving and commanding an
army. Regina took hold of the terrors of her life and changed it so that she was in charge of her pain and
endure and engage in high-risk dangerous duties. She had issues in her coping skills but that had later
took hold and encouraged her to dissipate stress along with fear, stigma, and other subculture factors
(Malmin, 2013). The warrior culture that Regina exhibited led her to form a tendency to be suspicious of
outsiders that conflicted with her time.
Regina has also experienced issues with the “glass ceiling effects.” She was prevented to advance by a
certain level. Regina had issues with gender inequality when it came to being behind, while married to
King Leopold. He would leave her for months at the castle only to return to the castle when he felt hat
he was needed. He married Regina mainly because of her beauty and the need for a new mother for his
daughter, and perhaps wife. She was unable to surpass her level and her opinions were of no
importance when it came to the upbringing of Snow or the ruling of the country .
Unique Challenges
There were a lot of strengths that could be learned as well as negatives that are evident when learning
more about Regina’s life. Regina managed to prove that she was able to have control of her life even
after the manipulation of her mother and her teacher. She was suppressed because of her gender and
eventually proved to be able to surpass the domination of her mother and her father. Though, most
medieval crafts and trades were dominated by men, Regina managed to rule a country. Her tyrannical
tendencies did not prevent her from being a Queen.
Regina had difficulties with the ability to forgive and used the form of revenge in her relationships. She
was unable to forgive a young girl for ruining her life and instead of blaming her mother for her issues
transferred her fury to her six year old stepdaughter. Her relationship with her mother and
stepdaughter was a fundamental way of her survival. She had issues with the form of social bonds and
was unable to form, develop, and maintain bonds with other individuals. . Regina had issues with being
less forgiving and that implications led her to be depressed and act out towards innocent bystanders.
Though this may not seem like a challenge, but forgiveness was difficult for Regina to let go the negative
feelings towards Snow White and replace them with positive feelings. It was not till she changed the
world was she able to forgive Snow White and the many others to hurt her
Regina suffered from vulnerability and depression. She was at times depressed when her teacher forced
her to do indescribable actions. Her attachment insecurities and the more acute feelings of weakness
and loneliness had caused her to have an underlying feeling of unworthiness and incompetence . The
depression that Regina suffered from demonstrated self-criticism and that associated with the level of
dependency of her learning magic from a cruel individual.
Regina had issues with parental abuse both from her mother and her father. Her mother abused her
both physically and emotionally. Her father had formed a detachment to the abuse that her mother
inflicted on her. The abuse that was suffered had early childhood difficulties and issues with
development of interpersonal relatedness and self-definition. The early parent-child interactions,
dependent and self-critical individuals affected her in her later life. The parental expectations influenced
her subsequent interpersonal interactions. Regina suffered abuse by her mother by using magic on her
when she was disobedient. This form of physical abuse caused her to have borderline personality
disorder, substance abuse disorder (later using magic and abusing others), dissociative identity disorder,
and social isolation. The abuse in her early adolescents later caused outcomes in negative psychological,
behavioral, and physical in adulthood .
Regina was raised in the scenario much like the Middle Ages mentioned in old literature from the 19th
century. Women’s rights were dependent on her father’s property and by the marriage of the king.
Regina was married to a man that was twenty years her senior which was acceptable at that time. There
is an assumption that the reason Regina killed her husband was not only for control but because divorce
was not an option at that time.
Regina was also a Single Mother by Choice. She adopted a child and chose not to involve a partner. She
decided on working as well as having a child even though that was a difficult choice. She had multiple
roles and had factors and attitudes that were different when working as a single mother. She took on
the roles of being both ‘mother’ and ‘father’ in a situation that was difficult, especially as she was in
charge of a country. Regina did not adhere to the typical role of a patriarchal society that was expected
of her . She showed a strong feminist role.
Learning from Her
Leaning from Reginathere is recognitionof the dynamics in her life and the traits that she did not have.
The life of her manipulation and theirissues she had with forgiveness led to a difficult life for her. She did
show the power that woman exalted and thoughshe used power and manipulation, as she was taught,
to take control of her life she managed to fight and win against the transgressors of her everyday life.
Regina lived a life of difficulties and she was able to strive from the sexist and a terrible war to excel in a
time where she was shown more as an object than a person.
Regina survived by learning many trades and not fully depending on her husband. She was able to take
charge of an army and control her life after she decided to no longer be associated with her teacher.
Regina decided later to change her life and accomplished many tasks to change the world that she lived
in.
The power that Regina has shown is evident in her actions and her willingness to excel in life. She
decided to be a single mother when she changed the world and was able to surpass the abuse that was
inflicted upon her as an adolescent. She controlled a country and succeeded in showing that women
have the right to rule in a patriarchal society. Regina was a tyrannical leader, but even so showed the
necessity and the power to prove that she was more than a woman but a powerful queen.
Women’s Lives
This cutting-edge and comprehensive fourth edition of Women’s Lives: A Psychological Perspective integrates
the most current research and social issues to explore the psychological diversity of girls and women varying
in age, ethnicity, social class, nationality, sexual orientation, and ableness. Written in an engaging and
accessible manner, its use of vignettes, quotes, and numerous pedagogical tools effectively fosters students’
engagement, active learning, critical thinking, and social activism.
New information covered includes:
neoliberal feminism, standpoint theory, mujerista psychology (Chapter 1)
LGBT individuals and individuals with disabilities in media (Chapter 2)
testosterone testing of female athletes, precarious manhood (Chapter 3)
raising a gender nonconforming child, impact of social media on body image (Chapter 4)
gender differences in narcissism and Big Five personality traits, women video-game designers
(Chapter 5)
asexuality, transgender individuals, sexual agency, “Viagra for women” controversy (Chapter 6)
adoption of frozen embryos controversy (Chapter 7)
intensive mothering, integrated motherhood, “living apart together,” same-sex marriage (Chapter 8)
single-sex schooling controversy (Chapter 9)
combat roles opened to U.S. women, managerial derailment (Chapter 10)
work-hours dilemmas of low-wage workers (Chapter 11)
feminist health care model, health care for transgender individuals, Affordable Care Act (Chapter
12)
feminist critique of CDC guidelines on women and drinking (Chapter 13)
cyberharassment, gendertrolling, campus sexual assault (Chapter 14)
transnational feminism, men and feminism (Chapter 15)
Women’s Lives stands apart from other texts on the psychology of women because it embeds within each
topical chapter a lifespan approach and robust coverage of the impact of social, cultural, and economic factors
in shaping women’s lives around the world. It provides extensive information on women with disabilities,
middle-aged and older women, and women in transnational contexts.
Its up-to-date coverage reflects current scientific and social developments, including over 2,200 new
references. This edition also adds several new boxed features for student engagement. In the News boxes
present current, often controversial, news items to get students thinking critically about real-life applications of
course topics. Get Involved boxes encourage students to actively participate in the research process. What You
Can Do boxes give students applied activities to promote a more egalitarian society. Learn About the Research
boxes expose students to a variety of research methods and highlight the importance of diversity in research
samples by including studies of under-represented groups.
Claire A. Etaugh, Caterpillar Professor of Psychology at Bradley University, has taught Psychology of Women
for 35 years. Her research on gender has been published in several journals including Psychology of Women
Quarterly, Sex Roles, Developmental Psychology, and Journal of Marriage and Family.
Judith S. Bridges, Professor Emerita of Psychology at the University of Connecticut, taught Psychology of
Women courses for many years. Her research on women and gender has been published in Psychology of
Women Quarterly and Sex Roles.
2
3
Fourth Edition
4
Women’s Lives
A Psychological Exploration
Claire A. Etaugh
Judith S. Bridges
5
Fourth edition published 2018
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
and by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2018 Taylor & Francis
The right of Claire A. Etaugh and Judith S. Bridges to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by
them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any
electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and
recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only
for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
First edition published by Pearson Education Inc., 2006
Third edition published by Pearson Education Inc., 2012
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Etaugh, Claire, author. | Bridges, Judith S., author.
Title: Women’s lives : a psychological exploration / Claire A. Etaugh and Judith S. Bridges.
Description: 4th edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2017005839 (print) | LCCN 2017022089 (ebook) | ISBN 9781138656666 (hb) | ISBN
9781138656697 (pb) | ISBN 9781315449401 (ebook) | ISBN 9781138656666 (hbk) | ISBN 9781138656697 (pbk)
Subjects: LCSH: Women—Psychology. | Women—North America—Social conditions.
Classification: LCC HQ1206 (ebook) | LCC HQ1206 .E883 2017 (print) | DDC 155.3/33—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017005839
ISBN: 978-1-138-65666-6 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-138-65669-7 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-44940-1 (ebk)
Typeset in Adobe Garamond Pro
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
Visit the companion website/: www.routledge.com/cw/etaugh
6
To my grandchildren, Anthony and Isabel, who enrich my life and embody my hopes for the
future.
—C.E.
To my grandsons Nick, Benjamin, and Devin, who reflect the promise of a more gender-neutral
tomorrow.
—J.S.B.
7
Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction to the Psychology of Women
Definitions: Sex and Gender
Women and Men: Similar or Different?
Similarities Approach
Differences Approach
Feminism
IN THE NEWS 1.1: Neoliberal Feminism
History of Women in Psychology
GET INVOLVED 1.1: How Do People View Feminism?
Women and the American Psychological Association
Women’s Contributions
History of the Psychology of Women
The Early Years
The 1960s and 1970s
The Recent Years: Developments in Research and Theory
Studying the Psychology of Women
Bias in Psychological Research
GET INVOLVED 1.2: Are Samples in Psychological Research Biased?
Feminist Research Methods
Cross-Cultural Research on Gender
LEARN ABOUT THE RESEARCH 1.1: Principles of Feminist Research
Drawing Conclusions From Multiple Studies
Themes in the Text
Theme 1: Intersectionality: The Diversity of Women’s Identities and Experiences
Theme 2: Gender Differences in Power
WHAT YOU CAN DO 1.1: Help Empower Girls and Women
Theme 3: Social Construction of Gender
Summary
Key Terms
What Do You Think?
If You Want to Learn More
Websites
Chapter 2 Cultural Representation of Gender
Stereotypes of Females and Males
The Content of Gender Stereotypes
8
GET INVOLVED 2.1: How Do You View Typical Females and Males?
The Perceiver’s Ethnicity and Gender Stereotypes
The Target’s Characteristics and Gender Stereotypes
Stereotypes of Girls and Boys
Bases for Gender Stereotypes
Stereotypes Based on Identity Labels
Sexism: Experiences and Attitudes
Experiences With Sexism
Changes in Sexist Attitudes Over Time
Modern Sexism
Ambivalent Sexism
GET INVOLVED 2.2: Who Holds Modern Sexist Beliefs?
Representation of Gender in the Media
Pattern 1: Underrepresentation of Females
GET INVOLVED 2.3: How Are Females and Males Portrayed on Prime-Time Television?
Pattern 2: Underrepresentation of Specific Groups of Females
Pattern 3: Portrayal of Gender-Based Social Roles
GET INVOLVED 2.4: Media Advertisements and the Double Standard of Aging
IN THE NEWS 2.1: Current Portrayal of LGBT Individuals in Popular Media
Pattern 4: Depiction of Female Communion and Male Agency
Pattern 5: Emphasis on Female Attractiveness and Sexuality
Impact of Gender-Role Media Images
LEARN ABOUT THE RESEARCH 2.1: Characters in Children’s Popular Culture: How
Gender-Stereotyped Are They?
WHAT YOU CAN DO 2.1: Increase Girls’ and Women’s Awareness of the Effects of
Media
Representation of Gender in the English Language
Language Practices Based on the Assumption That Male Is Normative
GET INVOLVED 2.5: Are Both Women and Men Persons?
Negative Terms for Females
Significance of the Differential Treatment of Females and Males in Language
Summary
Key Terms
What Do You Think?
If You Want to Learn More
Websites
Chapter 3 Gender Self-Concept and Gender Attitudes
Gender Self-Concept
Prenatal Development
Stages of Prenatal Sex Differentiation
Multiple Genders
IN THE NEWS 3.1: Too Much Testosterone to Compete as a Woman?
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Intersexuality
Theories of Gender Typing
Psychoanalytic Theory
Social Learning Theory
Cognitive Developmental Theory
Gender Schema Theory
WHAT YOU CAN DO 3.1: Ways to Minimize Gender Schemas in Children
Gender-Related Traits
Changes in Gender-Related Traits Over Time
GET INVOLVED 3.1: What Are Your Gender-Related Traits?
Gender-Related Traits and Psychological Adjustment
Evaluation of the Concept of Androgyny
LEARN ABOUT THE RESEARCH 3.1: A Real-Life Approach to Androgyny
Gender Attitudes
Gender Attitudes in Global Context
Individual Differences in Gender-Related Attitudes
GET INVOLVED 3.2: Ethnic Variations in Gender Attitudes
Perceived Value of Female Versus Male Gender-Related Attributes
GET INVOLVED 3.3: Would You Rather Be a Female or a Male?
Summary
Key Terms
What Do You Think?
If You Want to Learn More
Websites
Chapter 4 Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence
Children’s Knowledge and Beliefs About Gender
Distinguishing Between Females and Males
Gender Identity and Self-Perceptions
Gender Stereotypes
LEARN ABOUT THE RESEARCH 4.1: Gender Stereotypes About Occupations
Gender-Related Activities and Interests
Physical Performance and Sports
Toys and Play
Gender Segregation
GET INVOLVED 4.1: Play Patterns of Girls and Boys
Influences on Gender Development
Parents
LEARN ABOUT THE RESEARCH 4.2: Raising a Gender Nonconforming Child
Siblings
School
Peers
Media
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GET INVOLVED 4.2: Influences on Gender Development
IN THE NEWS 4.1: Blurred Lines: Gender Neutrality in Toys and Clothes
Puberty
Events of Puberty
Menarche
Gender Differences in Puberty
Early and Late Maturation in Girls
Psychosocial Development in Adolescence
Identity Formation
Self-Esteem
Gender Intensification
WHAT YOU CAN DO 4.1: Empowering Girls to Lead Social Change
Body Image
GET INVOLVED 4.3: Perceptions of Actual and Desirable Physique
Summary
Key Terms
What Do You Think?
If You Want to Learn More
Websites
Chapter 5 Gender Comparisons
Gender-Related Social Behaviors and Personality Traits
Aggression
Prosocial Behavior
Influenceability
Emotionality
Narcissism
The Big Five Personality Traits
Moral Reasoning
Communication Style
Verbal Communication
Nonverbal Communication
GET INVOLVED 5.1: “Troubles Talk”: Effects of Gender on Communication Styles
Gender Comparison of Cognitive Abilities
Verbal Ability
Visual–Spatial Ability
Mathematics Ability
LEARN ABOUT THE RESEARCH 5.1: Factors Linked to Women’s Perspectives on Math
LEARN ABOUT THE RESEARCH 5.2: Gender, Computers, and Video Games
IN THE NEWS 5.1: Why Are So Few Women in Video Game Design?
WHAT YOU CAN DO 5.1: Encouraging Girls in Math and Science
Summary
Key Terms
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What Do You Think?
If You Want to Learn More
Websites
Chapter 6 Sexuality
Sexuality
Sexual Anatomy and Sexual Response
Sexual Attitudes
Sexual Behaviors
Sexual Problems
IN THE NEWS 6.1: Viagra for Women? Pros and Cons
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Asexual, and Transgender Individuals
GET INVOLVED 6.1: Attitudes Toward Lesbians
Bisexual Individuals
Asexual Individuals
Transgender Individuals
Attitudes Toward Sexual Minorities
Explanations of Sexual Orientation
WHAT YOU CAN DO 6.1: Supporting Rights of Sexual Minorities
Sexual Activity During Adolescence
Frequency of Sexual Activity
LEARN ABOUT THE RESEARCH 6.1: Hook-Ups and Friends With Benefits
Factors Associated With Sexual Activity
The Double Standard
Sexual Desire
Sexual Activity in Midlife
Physical Changes
Patterns of Sexual Activity
Sexual Activity in Later Life
GET INVOLVED 6.2: Attitudes Toward Sexuality in Later Life
Benefits of Sexual Activity in Later Life
Sexual Behavior of Older People
Factors Affecting Sexual Behavior
Enhancing Sexuality in Later Life
Summary
Key Terms
What Do You Think?
If You Want to Learn More
Websites
Chapter 7 Reproductive System and Childbearing
Menstruation
The Menstrual Cycle
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Menstrual Pain
Attitudes Toward Menstruation
Menstrual Joy
Premenstrual Syndrome
Contraception
Contraception in Adolescence
Methods of Contraception
Abortion
Incidence
Methods
Consequences of Abortion
Women’s Reproductive Lives Around the World
Key Findings
Who Is at Risk?
Pregnancy
Pregnancy: Physical and Psychological Changes
Miscarriage and Stillbirth
Teenage Pregnancy
WHAT YOU CAN DO 7.1: Help Increase Reproductive Choices of Girls and Women
Childbirth
Stages of Childbirth
Methods of Childbirth
Childbearing After 35
Childbearing in the Later Years
GET INVOLVED 7.1: Pregnancy and Childbirth Experiences
Postpartum Distre
