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Using Digital Twins to Improve the Collaboration
Between Architects and Engineering Managers in
Building Projects
ABSTRACT
This study explores the role of digital twins in enhancing collaboration in the construction
industry, focusing on the interaction between architects and engineering managers. Digital
twins, sophisticated virtual models of physical assets, are gaining traction as tools for
improving communication, decision-making, and efficiency in construction projects. The
research analyzes the evolution, challenges, and benefits of digital twins, drawing from
existing literature and case studies. Key challenges in implementing digital twins, such as
data management and technical expertise, are identified, along with strategies to overcome
them. The findings highlight the significant impact of digital twins on collaborative practices,
showing improved communication, reduced conflicts, and enhanced design processes. The
study concludes that digital twins are transformative tools in construction, offering
recommendations for their effective implementation and underscoring their potential to
revolutionize traditional collaborative approaches in the industry.
Keywords
Digital Twins, Construction Collaboration, Architect-Engineer Interaction, Virtual Modeling,
Project Management.
1. INTRODUCTION
Building projects, as complex endeavors, demand effective collaboration between architects
and engineering managers for successful outcomes. In this intricate context, digital twins,
virtual replicas mirroring physical assets, have emerged as a promising solution, offering a
potential paradigm shift in collaborative practices. This research endeavors to thoroughly
investigate the transformative potential of digital twins in enhancing collaboration,
specifically between architects and engineering managers within building projects.
1.1 Define and Background of Digital Twins:
-Digital twins, within the construction project context, can be defined as sophisticated virtual
replicas of physical assets that intricately mimic their real-world counterparts. Digital twins
were introduced by Dr. Michael Grieves in the early 2000s, originating for product lifecycle
management, proposing virtual replicas to optimize design, production, and maintenance
(Grieves, 2003). By the 2010s, digital twins expanded across sectors, with healthcare using
them for personalized medicine and medical procedure simulations (Hassan et al., 2019). In
construction, digital twins were adopted to enhance collaboration between architects and
engineering managers, leveraging real-time data integration and visualization. This historical
evolution signifies a shift from manufacturing conceptualization to widespread application,
showcasing the expanding capabilities of digital twins for collaboration and innovation in
construction and beyond. Their evolution over time has positioned them as indispensable
tools in the technological landscape of the construction industry. Lu et al. (2020) underscore
their pivotal role in facilitating improved information sharing, communication, and decisionmaking among architects and engineering managers.
1.2 Rationale for Digital Twins in Construction:
The rationale for the increasing adoption of digital twins in construction is rooted in a
multifaceted understanding of the industry’s evolving needs and trends. The potential
transformative impact of digital twins on collaboration and project outcomes, as emphasized
by Akça et al. (2022), signifies a shift towards efficiency and effectiveness in traditional
collaborative approaches. The integration of digital twins holds the promise of
revolutionizing the collaborative landscape between architects and engineering managers,
ushering in a new era of streamlined processes and enhanced outcomes.
1.3 Research Focus:
Within the scope of this research, the primary focus is an in-depth exploration of
collaboration dynamics between architects and engineering managers, dissecting the
intricacies of their interactions.
Research Objectives:
The objectives of the research encompass three key aspects:
To conduct a comprehensive review of existing literature.
To meticulously identify challenges associated with implementing digital twins.
To formulate best practices aimed at optimizing the utilization of digital twins for effective
collaboration.
Existing Research Support:
Existing literature substantiates the significance of digital twins in reshaping collaboration
between architects and engineering managers. Lu et al. (2020) emphasize the instrumental
role of digital twins in enhancing information sharing and communication, laying the
foundation for improved collaboration. Building upon this, Akça et al. (2022) provide
concrete evidence that digital twins not only reduce conflict resolution but also elevate
decision-making processes, indicating a transformative potential in fostering a collaborative
environment within the construction domain. These studies collectively highlight the
promising trajectory of digital twins in reshaping collaborative practices.
Challenges and Opportunities:
However, amidst the promise of digital twins, the implementation poses notable challenges.
The collection and integration of extensive data from diverse sources present formidable
hurdles, demanding meticulous attention to data management practices. Additionally, the
development and maintenance of a sophisticated digital twin platform necessitate
substantial investment and expertise. These challenges, while acknowledged, do not
diminish the transformative potential of digital twins but underscore the need for strategic
approaches to overcome implementation obstacles.
Research Contribution and Purpose:
This paper aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of the role digital twins can play in
enhancing collaboration between architects and engineering managers in building projects.
By synthesizing existing literature, identifying key benefits and challenges, and formulating
practical recommendations, the research aspires to pave the way for the effective
implementation of digital twins. Ultimately, this contributes to the advancement of
collaborative practices in the construction industry, positioning digital twins as instrumental
tools for architects and engineering managers in their joint pursuit of successful building
projects.
Research Question:
How can the implementation of digital twins enhance collaboration between architects and
engineering managers in building projects, and what are the key challenges and best
practices associated with their adoption?
2. Literature Review
Unveiling the Transformative Power of Digital Twins in Construction: A Deep
Dive
2.1 Overview of Digital Twins in Construction:
Imagine a virtual replica of your building, mirroring every brick and beam, pulsating
with real-time data and dynamic simulations. This is the essence of a digital twin in
construction. It’s not just a fancy 3D model; it’s a living, breathing representation
encompassing the entire building lifecycle, from the architect’s initial sketch to the
facility’s final decommissioning.
This comprehensive model integrates diverse data sources, weaving together the
strands of Building Information Modeling (BIM), sensor networks, real-time
monitoring systems, and even historical records. The result? A tapestry of
information that tells the story of the building, revealing its strengths, weaknesses,
and potential for optimization.
The construction sector finds itself at a critical juncture characterized by traditional
methodologies fraught with inefficiencies and deficiencies in communication, proving
inadequate in meeting the contemporary requisites of sophisticated projects. Within
this context, digital twins surface as a promising innovation, holding the potential to
reshape the methodologies involved in the conception, construction, and
administration of structures. This exhaustive literature review extensively investigates
the transformative capabilities intrinsic to digital twins, providing insights into their
influence on collaborative processes, specifically within the dynamic between
architects and engineering managers.
2.2 Current Challenges:
The construction industry faces persistent challenges in communication and
collaboration between diverse stakeholders, including architects, engineers,
contractors, and project managers (Rezayi et al., 2021). These include:
•
Fragmented data: Information resides in siloed systems and
formats, hindering real-time access and shared understanding (Lu et
al., 2020).
•
Miscommunication and errors: Ineffective communication channels and
reliance on outdated documentation lead to errors, rework, and project
delays (Akça & Ergen, 2022).
•
Lack of coordination: Disjointed workflows and decision-making processes
hamper collaboration and create friction throughout project lifecycles (Negri
et al., 2020).
2.3 Digital Twins as a Potential Solution:
Digital twins, virtual replicas of physical assets continuously updated with real-time
data, offer a transformative approach to address these challenges (Ma et al., 2022).
By merging data from Building Information Modeling (BIM), sensors, and other
sources, they create a single, dynamic platform for communication, collaboration,
and informed decision-making.
3. Digital Twins in Construction: A Definition, Types, and Applications
3.1 Defining Digital Twins:
In the context of construction, digital twins are dynamic, virtual replicas of physical
assets and processes continuously updated with real-time data (Lu et al., 2020). They
act as a bridge between the physical and digital worlds, enabling comprehensive
monitoring, analysis, and optimization throughout the project lifecycle.
3.2 Core Principles:
•
Data-driven: Digital twins rely on a continuous flow of data from various
sources, including Building Information Modeling (BIM), sensors, weather
data, and construction progress logs (Rezayi et al., 2021).
•
Real-time updates: The virtual model dynamically reflects changes in the
physical asset, ensuring a single source of truth for all stakeholders (Akça &
Ergen, 2022).
•
Predictive capabilities: By analyzing historical data and current trends, digital
twins can predict potential issues, optimize performance, and inform
proactive decision-making (Negri et al., 2020).
•
Collaboration platform: The shared virtual environment fosters
communication and collaboration between diverse project stakeholders,
improving information transparency and understanding (Ma et al., 2022).
3.3 Types of Digital Twins:
•
BIM-based: These twins leverage existing BIM models, enriched with realtime sensor data and operational information, for clash detection, virtual
construction simulations, and facility management (Lu et al., 2020).
•
Sensor-driven: Relying on a network of sensors embedded in building
components or construction equipment, these twins provide continuous data
on performance, environmental conditions, and asset health (Rezayi et al.,
2021).
•
Hybrid: Combining BIM and sensor-based approaches creates comprehensive
digital twins that offer a holistic view of the project, including both design and
operational aspects (Akça & Ergen, 2022).
3.4 Examples of Digital Twin Technologies and Applications:
•
Clash detection: BIM-based digital twins enable virtual walkthroughs and
simulations, identifying potential clashes between different building elements
before physical construction begins, saving time and cost (Lu et al., 2020).
•
Virtual construction simulations: Testing different construction sequencing
and material options within the digital twin environment optimizes project
planning, reduces risks, and improves efficiency (Rezayi et al., 2021).
•
Predictive maintenance: Sensor-driven digital twins monitor equipment
health and environmental conditions, predicting potential failures and
enabling preventive maintenance, minimizing downtime and costs (Negri et
al., 2020).
•
Facility management: Digital twins provide a centralized platform for
managing building systems, energy consumption, and occupant comfort,
optimizing performance and reducing operational costs (Ma et al.,2022).
3.5 Untangling the Benefits of Collaboration:
Digital twins revolutionize collaboration by breaking down communication barriers
between architects and engineering managers. Catalyzing transformative change,
they replace fragmented methods with a shared data platform, fostering real-time
transparency accessible to all stakeholders. This not only builds trust but also
deepens understanding, laying the groundwork for collaborative decision-making.
Additionally, digital twins contribute to the formation of a shared mental model,
using visual representation and data-driven insights as a universal language. This
shared understanding enhances the collaborative design process, optimizing
solutions, reducing rework cycles, and streamlining project progression. The benefits
of digital twins in construction extend beyond communication, influencing decision-
making and overall project processes, leading to increased efficiency, effectiveness,
and success. Let’s delve into these benefits:
3.5.1 Improved Communication:
Shared platform: Digital twins provide a centralized platform for information
sharing, accessible to all project participants in real-time (Ma et al., 2022). This
eliminates silos, facilitates transparency, and fosters a collaborative environment.
Real-time data access: Everyone has access to the same up-to-date data, whether it’s
design specifications, construction progress, or sensor readings (Akça &
Ergen, 2022). This reduces misunderstandings, avoids miscommunication, and
ensures everyone is on the same page.
Visualized representation: The 3D virtual model allows for clear visualization of the
project, enabling better communication of design intent, constructability
concerns, and potential issues (Lu et al., 2020). This facilitates discussions and
problem-solving among architects, engineers, contractors, and other stakeholders.
3.5.2 Enhanced Decision-making:
Data-driven insights: Digital twins provide a wealth of data on project
performance, resource utilization, and potential risks (Negri et al., 2020). This
data can be analyzed to inform informed decision-making, optimize project
planning and scheduling, and identify areas for improvement.
Collaborative problem-solving: The shared platform and real-time data
facilitate collaborative problem-solving (Rezayi et al., 2021). Stakeholders can
collectively analyze issues, brainstorm solutions, and make decisions based on
a shared understanding of the project.
Proactive risk management: Continuous monitoring and simulation within the
digital twin allow for proactive identification and mitigation of potential risks
(Akça & Ergen, 2022). This can prevent costly delays, rework, and safety
hazards.
3.5.3 Streamlined Project Processes:
Clash detection and resolution: Virtual testing of design iterations and
construction scenarios in the digital twin identifies potential clashes between
different building elements early on (Lu et al., 2020). This avoids costly rework
and delays during the construction phase.
Improved project planning and scheduling: Real-time data and performance
simulations within the digital twin inform and adjust project plans
dynamically (Ma et al., 2022). This leads to more efficient resource
allocation, better scheduling, and reduced project duration.
Reduced rework and errors: Improved communication, data-driven decisionmaking, and early clash detection all contribute to minimizing rework and
errors throughout the construction process (Akça & Ergen, 2022).
3.6 Challenges and Limitations of Digital Twins in Construction:
Paving the Path to Success
Despite the transformative potential of digital twins in construction, their
implementation poses real-world challenges and limitations. Addressing these
hurdles is crucial for unlocking the full potential of this technology and ensuring
successful project outcomes.
3.6.1 Challenges:
1. Data Integration:
•
Interoperability: Different software platforms and data formats used across the
construction lifecycle can hinder seamless data integration into the digital twin (Lu et
al., 2020). This creates data silos and makes it difficult to maintain a single source of
truth.
Types of Software Platforms – GeeksforGeeks
•
Data Quality: Inaccurate or incomplete data fed into the digital twin can lead
to unreliable simulations and misleading insights (Akça &
Ergen, 2022). Robust data quality control procedures are essential.
2. Technology Adoption:
•
Cost: Implementing and maintaining digital twin technology can be
expensive, especially for smaller companies (Rezayi et al., 2021). Finding cost-
effective solutions and demonstrating long-term ROI is crucial for wider
adoption.
•
User Interface: Complex interfaces and steep learning curves can discourage
user adoption among stakeholders with limited technical experience (Negri et
al., 2020). Intuitive interfaces and user-friendly training programs are key to
overcoming this barrier.
3. Skilled Personnel:
•
Training: A lack of skilled personnel trained in implementing, managing, and
utilizing digital twins can hinder successful implementation (Ma et
al., 2022). Upskilling the existing workforce and creating educational
programs are essential.
•
Change Management: Transitioning to a digital twin-based workflow can be
disruptive and require significant changes in existing processes and team
dynamics (Lu et al., 2020). Effective change management strategies are
crucial for minimizing resistance and ensuring smooth adoption.
3.6.2 Limitations:
1. Accuracy and Reliability of Data:
•
The accuracy and reliability of the digital twin are entirely dependent on the
quality of the data it ingests. Garbage in, garbage out.
•
Continuous data validation and verification processes are crucial to ensure
the digital twin reflects reality accurately.
2. Security Concerns:
•
Digital twins collect and store sensitive data about building
systems, occupants, and operational processes. Robust cybersecurity
measures are essential to protect against cyberattacks and data breaches.
3. Ethical Considerations:
•
Issues like data privacy, ownership, and control of the digital twin and its data
need careful consideration and ethical implementation procedures.
3.6.3 Mitigating Challenges and Overcoming Limitations:
•
Standardized data formats and open-source platforms: Promoting industrywide adoption of interoperable data formats and open-source platforms can
facilitate seamless data integration.
•
Cost-effective solutions and ROI models: Developing scalable and affordable
digital twin solutions and demonstrating their long-term return on
investment can encourage wider adoption.
•
User-centric design and training: Designing intuitive interfaces and providing
user-friendly training programs can enhance user experience and address
skill gaps.
•
Invest in upskilling and training: Upskilling the existing workforce and creating
educational programs in digital twin technology can create a pool of skilled
personnel.
•
Effective change management strategies: Employing clear
communication, stakeholder engagement, and phased implementation plans
can minimize resistance and ensure smooth adoption.
•
Data quality control procedures: Implementing robust data validation and
verification protocols can ensure the accuracy and reliability of the digital
twin.
•
Cybersecurity best practices: Adhering to industry best practices for data
encryption, access control, and incident response can mitigate security risks.
•
Transparent and ethical data governance: Establishing clear policies and
procedures for data privacy, ownership, and control can address ethical
concerns and build trust among stakeholders
3.7 Theoretical Frameworks for Digital Twin-Enabled Collaboration: Unlocking the Power
of Collective Intelligence
Digital twins offer a unique platform for fostering collaboration in construction
projects by bridging the gap between the physical and digital worlds. However, to
fully understand and leverage this potential, we can turn to theoretical frameworks
that help conceptualize collaboration within the digital twin context. Explore three
key frameworks and their connection to the benefits discussed earlier:
1. Transactive Memory:
•
Concept: This framework emphasizes the shared understanding and distribution of
knowledge within a team (Weick & Roberts, 1993). In the context of digital twins, it
suggests that the platform can act as a central repository of project
information, accessible to all stakeholders.
•
Benefits: Improved communication and decision-making: Everyone has access to the
latest information, reducing the need for repetitive communication and facilitating
data-driven decisions.
•
Connection: Aligns with the benefits of improved communication and
transparency, as everyone has a shared understanding of the project through the
digital twin.
2. Shared Mental Models:
•
Concept: This framework emphasizes the importance of a common understanding of
the project among team members (Mohammed & Cannon-Bowers, 2003). Digital
twins provide a 3D visualization and real-time data that can be used to create a
shared mental model of the project, including its progress, challenges, and potential
solutions.
•
Benefits: Enhanced collaboration and problem-solving: The shared understanding
fosters a collaborative environment where stakeholders can work together
effectively to solve problems and optimize processes.
•
Connection: Links to the benefits of streamlined project processes and improved
decision-making. The shared mental model facilitates efficient collaboration, leading
to better planning, risk mitigation, and optimized workflows.
3. Activity Theory:
•
Concept: This framework focuses on the interaction between individuals, tools, and
the environment in accomplishing tasks (Engeström, 1987). Digital twins can be
viewed as shared tools within the construction ecosystem, mediating the interaction
between stakeholders and the project itself.
•
Benefits: Increased efficiency and productivity: The digital twin can automate
tasks, provide real-time feedback, and optimize workflows, leading to increased
efficiency and productivity.
•
Connection: Aligns with the benefits of improved communication and streamlined
project processes. The digital twin acts as a communication and collaboration
tool, facilitating smoother workflows and reducing rework.
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/12/2/120
3.8 Existing Research and Advancements: Unveiling the Collaborative Potential of Digital
Twins in Construction
While digital twins still blossom in the construction landscape, a growing body of
research explores their potential for fostering collaboration. Here, we delve into
some key studies, analyze their findings, and identify promising avenues for future
research:
1. Akça & Ergen (2022): Impact on Collaboration Between Architects and Engineers:
•
Analysis: This study investigates the impact of digital twins on the collaboration
between architects and engineers, highlighting significant improvements in
communication, understanding, and problem-solving.
•
Critique: The study focuses on a specific stakeholder group, while further research
exploring the impact on broader project teams would be valuable.
•
Key Finding: Collaborative design processes become more effective with shared
visualization and data-driven insights from the digital twin.
2. Ma et al. (2022): Ontology-based Framework for Collaborative Design:
•
Analysis: This research proposes an ontology-based framework for integrating
architectural and engineering design within the digital twin environment, facilitating
seamless information exchange and collaborative decision-making.
•
Critique: While promising, the study focuses on the design phase; investigating the
framework’s application throughout the project lifecycle would be insightful.
•
Key Finding: Ontologies can structure data within the digital twin, enabling efficient
collaboration and knowledge sharing across disciplines.
3. Rezayi et al. (2021): Sensor-driven Digital Twins for Construction Management:
•
Analysis: This study explores the use of sensor-driven digital twins for real-time
monitoring and dynamic adjustment of construction schedules, fostering
collaborative decision-making based on live data.
•
Critique: The research focuses on construction management; investigating the
impact on other stakeholders like subcontractors and material suppliers would be
beneficial.
•
Key Finding: Real-time sensor data integrated into the digital twin can empower
collaborative adjustments and optimize construction workflows.
3.8.1 Recent Advancements and Future Potential:
•
AI-powered collaboration: Integrating AI into digital twins can automate
tasks, provide predictive insights, and facilitate intelligent recommendations, further
streamlining collaboration and decision-making.
•
AR/VR for immersive interactions: Augmented and virtual reality technologies can
overlay the digital twin onto the physical site, enabling immersive collaboration and
real-time problem-solving in context.
•
Blockchain for secure data sharing: Blockchain technology can ensure secure and
tamper-proof data storage and sharing within the digital twin, fostering trust and
transparency among stakeholders.
3.8.2 Areas for Future Research:
•
Developing standardized data formats and interoperability solutions to overcome
fragmentation and facilitate seamless collaboration across platforms.
•
Investigating the ethical implications of data ownership, privacy, and security within
the digital twin environment.
•
Exploring the impact of digital twins on social dynamics and team dynamics within
construction projects.
3.9 Case Studies of Successful Implementations: Unveiling the Power of Digital Twins in
Action
While digital twins are still evolving, several case studies showcase their successful
implementation in diverse construction settings. Examining these examples can
reveal valuable insights and best practices for overcoming the challenges discussed
earlier.
1. Singapore’s Jurong Island Digital Twin:
This ambitious project aims to create a digital replica of the entire Jurong Island
industrial complex, including factories, utilities, and infrastructure. The project
utilizes various sensors and data sources to monitor real-time performance, optimize
resource allocation, and predict maintenance needs.
Commonalities:
•
Focus on data integration: The project uses open-source platforms and standardized
data formats to facilitate seamless integration from diverse sources.
•
Stakeholder engagement: Extensive collaboration between government
agencies, industry players, and technology providers ensures buy-in and fosters a
shared vision.
Overcoming Challenges:
•
Data quality: The project emphasizes robust data validation and verification
processes to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the digital twin.
•
Change management: A phased implementation strategy and comprehensive
training programs help address concerns and facilitate smooth adoption.
2. Multiplex’s Digital Twin for Sydney Metro West Project:
This project utilizes a digital twin to manage the construction of a new metro line in
Sydney, Australia. The digital twin enables real-time monitoring of progress, clash
detection, and simulation of construction scenarios, leading to improved decisionmaking and reduced rework.
Commonalities:
•
User-centric design: The digital twin interface is designed for userfriendliness, catering to diverse stakeholder needs and technical skill sets.
•
Focus on collaboration: The platform facilitates seamless communication and
information sharing among project teams, contractors, and suppliers.
Overcoming Challenges:
•
Cost-effectiveness: The project demonstrates the cost-saving potential of digital
twins by highlighting reduced rework and improved efficiency.
•
Technology adoption: By partnering with technology providers and offering
training, the project addresses the skill gap and encourages wider adoption.
3. Skanska’s Digital Twin for a Copenhagen High-Rise Building:
This project showcases the use of digital twins for building operation and
maintenance. Sensors monitor energy consumption, indoor climate, and equipment
performance, enabling data-driven optimization and predictive maintenance.
Commonalities:
•
Security and privacy: The project emphasizes robust cybersecurity measures and
clear data ownership policies to address privacy concerns.
•
Focus on sustainability: The digital twin helps optimize energy usage and reduce
environmental impact, aligning with sustainability goals.
Overcoming Challenges:
•
Ethical considerations: The project addresses ethical concerns regarding data
ownership and control by establishing transparent data governance practices.
•
Long-term value: The project demonstrates the long-term benefits of digital
twins, extending beyond the construction phase to building operations.
Insights and Best Practices:
These case studies highlight the importance of:
•
Data-driven approach: Leveraging accurate and integrated data is crucial for creating
a reliable and valuable digital twin.
•
Stakeholder collaboration: Engaging all project stakeholders ensures buyin, facilitates knowledge sharing, and fosters a collaborative environment.
•
User-centric design: Creating intuitive interfaces and providing adequate training
empowers users and maximizes adoption.
•
Overcoming challenges: Addressing data quality, cost-effectiveness, technology
adoption, and ethical considerations is essential for successful implementation.
By analyzing successful case studies and adopting best practices, we can unlock the full
potential of digital twins to transform construction into a more collaborative, efficient,
and sustainable industry.
3. Finding
Findings: Unveiling the Collaborative Power of Digital Twins in
Construction
The findings from the literature review offer practical implications for the implementation of
digital twins in construction, particularly in enhancing collaboration between architects and
engineering managers. Insights from Akça et al. (2022) emphasize the potential of digital
twins to enhance communication and streamline collaborative design processes, suggesting
practitioners prioritize optimizing these aspects for improved project outcomes. Negri et al.
(2020) underscore the crucial role of comprehensive data integration, visualization, and
analytics in successful digital twin implementation, guiding practitioners to prioritize
seamless data integration and robust visualization techniques for informed decision-making.
The ontology-based framework proposed by Ma et al. (2022) provides a practical guide for
structuring and managing project data, offering practitioners a strategic approach to foster
effective communication and collaboration. Moreover, Rezayi et al.’s (2021) exploration of
digital twin applications across project phases encourages practitioners to strategically adopt
these technologies throughout the entire construction lifecycle.
A. Impact on Collaboration:
•
Impact on Collaboration:
Digital twins have revolutionized collaboration within the construction industry,
particularly between architects and engineering managers. Lu et al. (2020)
conducted research that underlines the substantial impact of digital twins,
emphasizing improvements in information sharing, optimization of project
performance, and support for predictive maintenance [Lu et al., 2020]. The adoption
of digital twins facilitates a more dynamic and efficient collaboration process.
One key aspect is the enhancement of communication. Akça et al. (2022) delve into
the collaborative dynamics between architects and engineers, showcasing the
transformative effects of digital twins on communication. The virtual representation
of physical assets provided by digital twins serves as a common ground for architects
and engineers, facilitating clearer and more effective communication [Akça et al.,
2022]. This improvement in communication is a cornerstone of successful
collaboration, ensuring that stakeholders are on the same page throughout the
project lifecycle.
Conflicts within collaborative settings often hinder project progress. Akça et al.
(2022) identify a notable reduction in conflicts as a positive outcome of integrating
digital twins into collaborative processes [Akça et al., 2022]. The virtual
representation allows stakeholders to identify potential conflicts early in the design
phase, enabling proactive resolution and minimizing disruptions during the
construction and operation phases. This conflict reduction contributes to smoother
collabora
