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CHAPTER 10
Ability
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10.5 General cognitive ability has a strong positive relationship with job performance, due
primarily to its effects on task performance. In contrast, general cognitive ability is only
weakly related to organizational commitment.
10.6 Many organizations use cognitive ability tests to hire applicants with high levels of general
cognitive ability. One of the most commonly used tests is the Wonderlic Cognitive Ability
Test.
Key Terms
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Ability
Cognitive ability
Verbal ability
Quantitative ability
Reasoning ability
Spatial ability
Perceptual ability
General cognitive ability
Emotional intelligence
Self-awareness
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Other awareness
Emotion regulation
Use of emotions
Strength
Stamina
Flexibility
Coordination
Psychomotor ability
Sensory abilities
Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test
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Discussion Questions
10.1 What roles do learning, education, and other experiences play in determining a person’s
abilities? For which type of ability—cognitive, emotional, or physical—do these factors play
the largest role?
10.2 Think of a job that requires very high levels of certain cognitive abilities. Can you think of
a way to redesign that job so that people who lack those abilities could still perform the
job effectively? Now respond to the same question with regard to emotional and physical
abilities.
10.3 Consider your responses to the previous questions. Are cognitive, emotional, and physical
abilities different in the degree to which jobs can be redesigned to accommodate people
who lack relevant abilities? What are the implications of this difference, if there is one?
10.4 Think of experiences you’ve had with people who demonstrated unusually high or low
levels of emotional intelligence. Then consider how you would rate them in terms of their
cognitive abilities. Do you think that emotional intelligence “bleeds over” to affect people’s
perceptions of cognitive ability?
10.5 What combination of abilities is appropriate for the job of your dreams? Do you possess
those abilities? If you fall short on any of these abilities, what could you do to improve?
Case: U.S. Marine Corps
The U.S. Marine Corps is a large organization with a highly recognizable culture that values
mental and physical toughness, pride, and character. However, with emerging technologies and
other geopolitical trends, the battlefield is changing in ways that have a number of important
implications for the type of individual who is recruited and trained to become a Marine. The
challenge confronting U.S. military leadership is how to cope with these changes in a way that
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CHAPTER 10
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facilitates accomplishment of an evolving Marine Corps mission and, at the same time, preserves
the Marine Corps’ rich tradition.
There are new technologies and tasks needing to be accomplished for which there is little
expertise in the Marine Corps, so creating new positions to deal with these tasks—and filling
these positions with the appropriate personnel—is a top priority. Perhaps the best example is the
growing need for cyber-security personnel who have knowledge of computers and electronics,
network monitoring software, development environment software, transaction security and antivirus software, operating systems, and web platforms. Cyber-security personnel are needed not
only to work in offices and computer laboratories for support and administrative purposes, but
also for forward deployment in the field to ensure computer information can be used for operational purposes. Regardless of the context in which they work, cyber-security personnel need to
have a keen sense of when things are going wrong, or when there’s likely to be a problem. They
also need to be able to apply general rules to solve problems, and to combine various pieces of
seemingly unrelated information to form conclusions.
The need for cyber-security personnel is so immediate that there has been talk of allowing for
lateral entry into the Marine Corps. This means that those with the requisite cyber-security skills
and abilities may be allowed to join the Marine Corps, at an advanced rank, without having to go
through boot camp. One concern with this idea is that boot camp weeds out recruits who do not
have the mental and physical abilities necessary to be a “true” Marine. The obvious alternative
is to recruit and train individuals who have the complete mix of abilities needed to excel as both
a Marine warrior and as a cyber-security specialist. However, it may be difficult to find the right
individuals, and the process of training them may take too long. By the time new recruits make
their way through boot camp and cyber training, altogether new cyber threats may emerge.
10.1
Identify and describe the types of abilities that historically have been most relevant to
Marine effectiveness. Which additional abilities appear to be important for Marines
involved in cyber-security?
10.2 Why might it be difficult to find new recruits that possess the appropriate mix of abilities?
What could the Marine Corps do to increase the size of the pool of applicants with these
abilities?
10.3 How might the Marine Corps be able to use their existing workforce to deal with their
need for cyber-personnel? Describe the advantages and disadvantages of such an initiative.
Sources: Marine Corps Recruiting Website, https://www.marines.com (accessed March 20, 2019); A.R. Millett, Semper
Fidelis: The History of the United States Marine Corps (New York: The Free Press, 1991); J. Schogol, “Every Marine a Rifleman
No More,” Marine Corps Times, May 7, 2017, https://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/your-marine-corps/2017/05/07/
every-marine-a-rifleman-no-more/.
Exercise: Emotional Intelligence
The purpose of this exercise is to help you become more aware of your emotions and the emotions of others, as well as to see how emotions can be regulated and used in your daily life. This
exercise uses groups, so your instructor will either assign you to a group or ask you to create your
own group. The exercise has the following steps:
10.1 Think about situations in which you’ve experienced each of the following four emotions:
• Joy
• Anxiety
• Sadness
• Anger
10.2 In writing or in discussion with your group, answer the following questions about each
situation:
a. What, exactly, triggered your emotion in this situation?
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