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Investigation ports of Oman
green energy transportation
potential
Graduation Project
Table of contents
01 Background
02 Introduction
03 Literature
04
Materials and
Methods
05 Results and
06
Conclusion and
Recommendations
Review
Discussion
Background
Background
01
Focus on Green Hydrogen
Background
Oman is actively exploring green hydrogen and
sustainable fuel production, making its ports
integral to this initiative.
Abundant Natural Resources
Commitment to Clean Energy
Oman possesses significant solar and wind energy
resources, positioning itself as a key player in the
green energy sector.
Oman’s commitment to clean energy is evident
through various initiatives and partnerships,
emphasizing its role in environmental
sustainability.
Strategic Location
Duqm and Salalah Ports
With strategic geographical positioning and
established infrastructure, Oman’s ports play a
vital role in potential green energy transportation.
Duqm and Salalah ports are identified for green
fuel production, with planned green hydrogen
plants to reduce transportation costs.
Critical Role of Ports
Problem Definition
The efficient transportation of green energy
products, especially green hydrogen, is vital for
Oman’s renewable energy projects.
Transition Challenges
Nation’s Vision
Oman’s shift to a green hydrogen-centric economy
necessitates evaluating ports for efficient and
sustainable green energy transportation.
The assessment of Oman’s ports aligns with the
nation’s vision of becoming a global hub for clean
energy.
Global Exporter Goals
Sustainable Infrastructure
As Oman aspires to be a global hydrogen exporter,
understanding port capabilities becomes crucial
for efficient transportation.
Identifying strengths, opportunities, and
challenges in port utilization is essential for
building a sustainable green energy transportation
infrastructure.
Contribution to Vision
Mission Statement
Our efforts align with Oman’s vision of becoming
a significant player in the renewable energy sector
and a global exporter of hydrogen.
Evaluation Objective
Efficient Transportation
Our mission is to evaluate and showcase Oman’s
ports’ potential in facilitating green energy
transportation, specifically green hydrogen.
Identifying strengths and overcoming challenges
will contribute to efficient and sustainable green
energy transportation.
Comprehensive Assessment
Nation’s Transition
Conducting a comprehensive assessment, we aim
to identify strengths, opportunities, and challenges
associated with leveraging Oman’s ports.
Our mission supports Oman’s transition towards a
green hydrogen-centric economy, ensuring
economic and environmental sustainability.
Introduction
02
Overview of Oman’s Green Energy Potential
•
Renewable Resources: Oman has abundant solar and wind energy, making it a key player in
renewable energy production.
•
Strategic Goals: Plans to derive 30% of electricity from renewables by 2030 and long-term
targets for renewable energy consumption showcase Oman’s ambition.
•
Institutional Initiatives: Establishment of the Directorate General for Clean Energy and
Hydrogen demonstrates Oman’s commitment to the green energy transition.
•
Export Revenues Diversification: Oman’s potential in low-emissions hydrogen production
attracts investment for revenue diversification and reduced carbon emissions.
Importance of Assessing Ports for Green
Energy Transportation
•
Strategic Role of Ports: Ports play a crucial role as energy hubs, connecting various forms of
transport and facilitating sector coupling and energy system integration.
•
Environmental Focus: With increasing emphasis on sustainable development, ports need to
transform for the green energy transition, reducing environmental impacts.
•
Supply and Consumption: Ports must assess energy needs and supply capacity to support
sustainable energy consumption by carriers, contributing to the reduction of global greenhouse
gas emissions.
•
Shipping Industry Impact: Assessment of ports is vital for the shipping industry to adopt green
initiatives, reducing its environmental impact and ensuring sustainability.
Mission of Evaluating Oman’s Ports for Green
Energy
•
Strategic Location: Oman’s strategic location positions it as a promising player in the green energy
sector.
•
Logistics Provider Ambitions: Asyad Group aims to repurpose ports as hydrogen logistics hubs,
supporting Oman’s decarbonization targets.
•
Commitment to Green Transition: Oman’s plans to derive 30% of electricity from renewables by
2030 and the establishment of the Directorate General for Clean Energy and Hydrogen showcase its
commitment.
•
Global Green Energy Market: Evaluation aims to highlight Oman’s potential in facilitating efficient
green energy transportation, supporting the country’s vision to become a key player globally.
Literature
Review
03
Oman’s Commitment to Green Energy Goals
•
Renewable Energy Targets: Oman aims to achieve 30% of its electricity from renewables by 2030
and 50% by 2040, aligning with its Vision 2040 and National Energy Strategy.
•
Diversification and Sustainability: Pursuing green energy not only reduces carbon emissions but
also diversifies export revenues, fostering economic self-reliance.
•
National Initiatives: Oman has launched renewable projects like wind farms, solar IPPs, and
‘Sahim,’ showcasing its commitment to a sustainable energy future.
•
Abundant Resources: Oman harnesses its renewable resources, including solar and wind energy, to
gradually reduce emissions and contribute globally to climate change mitigation.
Ports Assessment for Green Hydrogen
Transportation
•
Global Trends: Ports worldwide are adopting renewable energy technologies, like hydrogen, to
reduce carbon footprints.
•
Ports as Energy Hubs: Ports, traditionally fuel-centric, transition to alternative energy, promoting
green hydrogen, electrification, and renewable energy sources.
•
Decarbonization Strategies: Ports pioneer environmental initiatives, with programs reducing truck
emissions and showcasing the potential for sustainable energy.
•
Showcases for Technology: Ports emerge as showcases for energy-related technology,
demonstrating innovative practices, circular economies, and industrial ecology.
Asyad’s Partnerships and Port Vision
•
Asyad’s Strategic Role: Asyad Group pioneers partnerships, collaborating with GUtech for research
on Omani ports’ green hydrogen export capabilities.
•
Hydrogen Valleys Concept: Asyad introduces “Hydrogen Valleys,” envisioning Omani ports as
integrated clusters for zero/low-emission hydrogen production, forming an ecosystem.
•
Multi-Faceted Collaboration: Asyad Group partners with the Oman Hydrogen Centre, focusing on
renewable energy, green hydrogen, and capacity building.
•
Innovative Approaches: Asyad’s collaboration with academic institutions and research centers
underscores Oman’s proactive stance in driving green energy initiatives.
Analysis of Industrial and Infrastructural
Conditions
•
Infrastructure Requirements: Large-scale green hydrogen production necessitates robust
infrastructure, including renewable resources, hydrogen production facilities, and export-ready
ports.
•
Industrial Capacities: Existing industrial structures need the capacity for materials, know-how, and
local demand to support green hydrogen and synthetic fuels.
•
Challenges and Solutions: Overcoming challenges in large-scale testing infrastructure is vital for
the adoption of green hydrogen technologies, addressing power supply, and safety.
•
MENA Case Studies: Examining case studies in the MENA region, including Jordan, Morocco, and
Oman, provides insights into unique challenges and opportunities for green hydrogen production.
Materials
&
Methods
04
Research Questions and Focus
● Assessment Objective: Comprehensive understanding of Oman’s port infrastructure for green energy
transportation, with a specific focus on green hydrogen.
● Research Questions: Addressing fundamental questions to uncover existing capabilities, challenges,
and opportunities associated with leveraging Oman’s ports for green energy transportation.
● Key Focus: Delving into methodologies to answer research questions and contribute to the evaluation
of Oman’s potential as a global hub for clean energy.
● Methodological Aim: Employing robust methods to explore and analyze the intricacies of port
infrastructure in the context of green energy transportation.
Methods Employed
● Desk Research and Literature Reviews: Foundational research methods providing insights from
existing knowledge, reputable sources, and a theoretical framework.
● Quantitative and Qualitative Data Collection: Utilizing a combination of methods for numerical
analysis and contextual understanding.
● Diverse Source Utilization: Tapping into books, articles, websites, and modern survey tools to ensure
a comprehensive and accurate assessment.
● Survey Integration: Incorporating Survey Monkey and similar tools for targeted insights from
relevant stakeholders, enhancing the precision of analysis.
Strategies for Data Gathering
● Source Utilization: Diverse range of sources, including books, articles, and websites, offering
historical context, current developments, and future projections.
● Survey Approach: Employing modern survey tools for specific and targeted insights from
stakeholders with practical experience in Oman’s port operations and green energy initiatives.
● Triangulation of Findings: Synthesizing information from various sources to enhance the reliability
and validity of results.
● Structured Surveys: Ensuring responses align with predefined research objectives, contributing to the
precision of the overall analysis.
Tools and Methodological Richness
● Descriptive Methods: Characterizing existing infrastructural capabilities through descriptive analysis,
highlighting key parameters such as capacity and efficiency.
● Exploratory Methods: Uncovering unforeseen challenges and opportunities through qualitative
exploration, involving open-ended interviews and discussions.
● Explanatory Methods: Delving into causal relationships to explain observed patterns and outcomes,
providing a deeper understanding of dynamics at play.
● Methodological Richness: Combining desk research, literature reviews, quantitative and qualitative
data collection, and a variety of analytical methods for a nuanced assessment of Oman’s port
infrastructure for green energy transportation potential.
Results
&
Discussion
05
Findings from Port Assessment
● Port Infrastructure: Respondents favorably rated port infrastructure, aligning with
Oman’s commitment to development outlined in Vision 2040 and the National Energy
Strategy.
● Renewable Energy Integration: Partial integration was noted, emphasizing ongoing
efforts to incorporate renewable energy sources into port operations.
● Logistical Challenges: Identified challenges include limited storage capacity,
transportation delays, and regulatory hurdles, emphasizing the need for targeted
solutions.
● Operational Efficiency: Mixed feedback on efficiency highlights the importance of
interventions to enhance operational processes.
Strategic Partnerships and Opportunities
● Strategic Partnerships: Existing collaborations, such as those with Asyad Group, Oman
Hydrogen Centre, and GUtech, position Oman as a potential global hub for green
hydrogen production and export.
● Potential Opportunities: Opportunities include expanding storage capacity, investing in
renewable energy technologies, and strengthening international collaborations.
● Energy Transition Alignment: Perceived partial alignment indicates a need for
improvement in ensuring seamless alignment with national energy transition goals.
● Adoption of Green Technologies: Mixed feedback suggests a potential need for
increased awareness and incentivization to promote green technology adoption.
Infrastructural Analysis for Renewable Hydrogen
● Port Infrastructure: Majority rated as “Good,” with concerns indicating room for
improvement, suggesting targeted investments for seamless handling of renewable
hydrogen.
● Renewable Energy Integration: Progress in partial integration signals ongoing efforts
with potential barriers to full incorporation.
● Logistical Challenges: Varied challenges emphasize the need for a comprehensive
logistical strategy, including solutions for storage, transportation, and regulations.
● Operational Efficiency: Diverse responses highlight the need to focus on aspects
contributing to inefficiency for overall improvement.
Operational Challenges and Strategic Partnerships
● Limited Storage Capacity: Strategy involves substantial investment in expanding storage
facilities and implementing efficient storage solutions.
● Transportation Delays: Addressing delays requires streamlining transportation
processes, optimizing logistics, and adopting real-time tracking technologies.
● Regulatory Hurdles: Establishing clear regulatory frameworks and engaging with
authorities to develop industry-specific regulations is proposed to overcome hurdles.
● Exploration of Strategic Partnerships: Existence and benefits of partnerships
highlighted, addressing uncertainties and lack of awareness to encourage collaboration
for global energy trade.
Table 1. Results of the conducted survey.
Criteria
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Port Infrastructure
Renewable Energy
Integration
Logistical Challenges
Operational Efficiency
Strategic Partnerships
Potential Opportunities
Energy Transition
Alignment
Adoption of Green
Technologies
Public-Private
Collaboration
Community Impact
Excellent
Good
Average
Below
Average
Poor
5
6
8
9
4
3
2
2
1
0
0
4
12
0
7
0
7
5
0
9
0
6
0
0
4
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
10
8
2
0
0
6
8
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
Conclusion &
06 Recommendations
Key Findings and Challenges
Positive Outlook: Ports consistently rated as ‘Good’ to ‘Excellent,’ showcasing resilience and
adaptability.
Successful Integration: Recognition of renewable energy integration signifies a significant
stride toward sustainability.
Operational Challenges: Critical challenges identified in limited storage capacity and
regulatory hurdles.
Importance of Intervention: Recognition of challenges emphasizes the need for targeted and
strategic interventions.
Implications, Recommendations, and Green Hydrogen
Focus
Oman’s Strengths: Well-regarded port infrastructure and strategic partnerships position
Oman as a global player in green energy.
Valuable Opportunities: Investing in renewable energy aligns with ambitious energy
transition goals.
Addressing Challenges: Recognizing challenges highlights the need for targeted
interventions to streamline processes.
Green Hydrogen Economy: The conclusion emphasizes supporting Oman’s transition to a
green hydrogen-centric economy by leveraging natural resources, trade links, and strategic
positioning.
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Analysis of Fire Incidents in Passenger Ships and Strategies
for Advancing Maritime Safety Standards
Graduation Project
Prepared By
Abdullah Aljabri (004627-18)
Al Waleed Talal Alshirawi (004704-18)
Mahmood Al-khusaibi (004532-18)
Ahmed Hilal Salim Al-shidhani (004674-18)
Mahnad Sulaiman Albalushi (004761-18)
Supervisor
PhD Captain Seyed Behbood Issa Zadeh
Autumn 2023
International Maritime College Oman
Form Title
Department
Form Code
Issue Date
Declaration of Academic Integrity
Academic Departments
IMCO/QMS/AD/FORM -002
Declaration of Academic Integrity
International Maritime College Oman
Please sign to confirm that you have read and accepted the following statements. Your assessment will not
be accepted without this signed declaration.
1. I confirm that I have read and fully understood IMCO’s policy on Academic Integrity, including practices
that may lead to committing plagiarism and which I must avoid.
2. I confirm that in the attached assessment, I have not presented or attempted to present anyone else’s work
as my own except where I have indicated. I confirm that I understand that doing so would mean I have committed
plagiarism.
3. I confirm that I understand that if I fail to comply with IMCO’s policy on Academic Integrity, IMCO will
impose penalties that may, in the most serious of cases, result in the termination of my studies at IMCO. I
confirm that I understand that if I am judged guilty of plagiarism, I will receive a score of zero, and the other
penalties indicated under IMCO’s policy on Academic Integrity in the Student Handbook will apply.
4. I agree to IMCO submitting my work to Turn-it-in or using any other source to verify whether my work
contains plagiarised material.
The extent to which I have worked with others is as follows:
Program: Nautical Studies Deck officers
Module Code: DGP 1
Module Title: Marine Graduation Project (Research, Preparation, and Preparation of the Graduation)
IMCO student’s Names and ID numbers:
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Abdullah Aljabri – 004627-18
Al Waleed Talal Alshirawi – 004704-18
Mahmood Al-khusaibi – 004532-18
Ahmed hilal salim Al-shidhani – 004674-18
Mahnad Sulaiman Albalushi – 004761-18
Class: DO 4
Signature ………………… ……………………
MARITIME DEPARTMENT
Date:
II
International Maritime College Oman
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
1.1
Objectives……………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
1.2
Novelty Issue …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2
1.3
Target Audience ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3
1.4
Research Gap …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3
1.5
Factors Influencing …………………………………………………………………………………………. 3
1.6
Problem Statement………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
1.7
Research Questions …………………………………………………………………………………………. 5
1.8
Structure of the Report …………………………………………………………………………………… 5
Chapter 2: Literature Review ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 7
2.1
Fire Incidents in Passenger Ships (2000-2023) ………………………………………………… 10
2.2
Review of Regulations and Standards…………………………………………………………….. 13
2.3
Insights from Diverse Fire Prevention Studies (2013-2021) …………………………….. 16
Chapter 3: Methods and Analysis …………………………………………………………………………………….. 18
3.1
Argument for the Research Method ………………………………………………………………. 19
3.2
Advantages and Disadvantages ……………………………………………………………………… 20
3.3
Ethical Code Sampling ………………………………………………………………………………….. 20
Chapter 4: Results and Discussion ……………………………………………………………………………………. 23
4.1. Findings ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24
4.1.1
Fire Incidents in Passenger Ships (2000-2023) ……………………………………………….. 24
4.1.2
Review of Regulations and Standards ……………………………………………………………. 26
4.1.3
Insights from Diverse Fire Prevention Studies (2013-2021) ……………………………… 27
4.2 Analysis and Evaluation ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 29
4.2.1
Fire Incidents in Passenger Ships (2000-2023) ……………………………………………….. 29
4.2.2
Review of Regulations and Standards ……………………………………………………………. 33
4.2.3
Insights from Diverse Fire Prevention Studies (2013-2021) ……………………………… 35
4.3 Summary …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 38
Chapter 5: Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 40
5.1
Recommendations …………………………………………………………………………………………. 41
5.2
Main Findings……………………………………………………………………………………………….. 43
5.3
Limitations ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 43
5.4
Future Studies ………………………………………………………………………………………………. 44
References ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 45
MARITIME DEPARTMENT
III
International Maritime College Oman
List of Figueres
Figure 1. Navigating Maritime Safety: A Chronicle of Notable Ship Incidents ……………………….. 30
Figure 2. Causes of Fire Incidents ……………………………………………………………………………………… 31
Figure 3. Review of Regulations and Standards ………………………………………………………………….. 33
Figure 4. Practical Applicability Assessment of Maritime Safety Studies ………………………………. 37
MARITIME DEPARTMENT
IV
International Maritime College Oman
List of Tables
Table 2.0: Review of Literature on Fire Incidents in Passenger Ships …………
Table 2.1: Review of Fire Incidents in Passenger Ships (2000-2023)…………………………..11
MARITIME DEPARTMENT
V
International Maritime College Oman
List of Abbreviations
IMO: International Maritime Organization
SOLAS: Safety of Life at Sea
FSS Code: International Code for Fire Safety Systems
SOP: Standard Operating Procedures
MARINFO: Maritime Information
GLASISIS: Global Safety Information System for the Information Society
HIS: Hull Inspection System
IACS: International Association of Classification Societies
MARITIME DEPARTMENT
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International Maritime College Oman
Chapter 1.
Introduction
MARITIME DEPARTMENT
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International Maritime College Oman
In 2022, over 200 fire incidents were reported in passenger ships (AGCS, 2023). This marked
an annual record for the number of incidents since the start of the decade. Also, during that
period, 64 passenger ships were destroyed by fires. In maritime operations, fire safety is a vital
aspect. This means that a thorough understanding of the various factors that affect the safety of
seafarers is essential.
In the expansive realm of maritime operations, the significance of fire safety transcends the
boundaries of vessel types, encompassing both leisure boats and commercial passenger ships
alike. The importance of fire safety is not limited to vessel types (McCartan et al., 2014). In the
maritime industry, it is also essential to consider the factors that can affect fire safety, such as the
enclosed structures of passenger ships and combustible materials (McNay et al., 2019). As
vessels travel through vast oceans, they become vulnerable to various activities.
1.1
Objectives
The primary objectives of this study are to investigate and address the rising issue of onboard
fire incidents in commercial passenger ships using a scoping literature review. Understanding the
various factors that contribute to the safety of seafarers is the focus of this research. It also aims
to highlight the importance of fire safety in various vessel types, such as cruise ships and
commercial passenger vessels. This study examines the various personalities and obstacles that
influence developing and maintaining fire safety features in maritime facilities.
1.2
Novelty of Issue
The study was initiated after a surge in passenger ship fires in 2022 that destroyed 64 vessels.
It aims to provide a new perspective on fire safety by investigating factors that can affect the
MARITIME DEPARTMENT
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International Maritime College Oman
safety of ships. This study aims to contribute to developing policies and practices that will
address the increasing number of fire incidents in the maritime industry.
1.3
Target Audience
The primary audience for this research includes maritime safety professionals, regulatory
bodies, policymakers, and industry stakeholders involved in passenger ship operations. The study
aims to provide practical insights and recommendations to inform the development of
regulations, safety protocols, and industry practices in response to the notable surge in fire
incidents in 2022.
1.4
Research Gap
A research gap is an area of knowledge not explored adequately (Ajemba & Arene, 2022). It
can void our understanding of a particular field or subject. Researchers must identify and address
these gaps to improve knowledge and develop new theories. Doing so helps us advance our
understanding of a particular discipline and opens new avenues for investigation.
1.5
Factors Influencing
Our investigation also delves into the complicated relationship between elements that affect
fire safety measures. This knowledge can help the industry develop effective strategies to prevent
fires from happening in the first place (Shokouhi et al., 2018).
1.5.1 Material Selection: The materials used in constructing passenger ships can significantly
impact fire susceptibility (Panias et al., 2015). Identifying those prone to ignition and
contributing to the spread of fire is important.
MARITIME DEPARTMENT
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International Maritime College Oman
1.5.2 Dynamic Environments: Dynamic environments expose passenger ships to varying
operational and weather demands.
1.5.3 Training and Awareness: Proper awareness programs and training can help improve the
safety of seafarers (Demirel & Bayer, 2015).
1.5.4 International Maritime Regulations: Complying with international maritime legislation is
essential and can aid in developing effective anti-fire strategies.
1.5.5 Regulatory Compliance: Adherence to maritime safety regulations is essential. Analyzing
the ambiguities or gaps in such regulations can help identify opportunities for enhancing anti-fire
measures (Komljenović et al., 2017).
1.5.6 Technological Advancements: By integrating the newest innovations into onboard
systems, the overall effectiveness of anti-fire measures can be enhanced (Khan et al., 2022).
1.5.7 Environmental Considerations: The corrosive effect of marine elements on fire safety
equipment threatens its effectiveness and longevity. It is essential to understand the
environmental factors that affect equipment durability.
1.6
Problem Statement
The fire safety of passenger ships is a complex issue with various implications for the
maritime industry. Due to their nature, passenger ships are made of materials that can
significantly contribute to the fire’s severity. Identifying and addressing these weaknesses can
help improve the ship’s fire resistance. The following section will discuss specific research
questions, establishing a seamless connection throughout the manuscript to ensure a coherent
exploration of the identified problem and potential solutions.
MARITIME DEPARTMENT
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International Maritime College Oman
1.7
Research Questions
•
How effective are current safety equipment standards and regulations in addressing fire
prevention on board vessels in PASSENGER SHIPS
•
what specific enhancements can be proposed to create a more comprehensive anti-fire
framework?
The first research question concerns the effectiveness of regulations and safety equipment
standards when preventing fires on board passenger ships. It aims to analyze the current fire
prevention protocols and identify areas for improvement.
The second question is about establishing a comprehensive framework for preventing fires on
passenger ships. This investigation aims to identify the gaps in the current fire prevention
strategy and develop new ideas to improve it.
1.8
Structure of the Report
This report begins with an introduction and layout section, which explores the various aspects
of fire safety aboard vessels. The Literature Review follows the introduction and looks into the
knowledge base related to maritime safety equipment.
In addition to placing the current research within a genealogy of literature, it presents
methods utilized in previous studies, discusses their limitations, and highlights the findings. The
purpose of this section is to establish the foundations for future analysis.
The following section discusses the research methodology and data collection, where the
choice of the method is argued, and it analyzes its disadvantages and advantages. It also
addresses the limitations of the research and discusses ethical considerations. The next section of
the report focuses on the evaluation and findings of the study. It presents a comprehensive
MARITIME DEPARTMENT
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International Maritime College Oman
analysis of the data and provides insightful conclusions. This section also critically examines the
study’s conclusions.
The report’s concluding section presents the essential findings and conclusions, which are then
used to develop practical recommendations. These recommendations are designed to help
improve
the
MARITIME DEPARTMENT
fire
safety
measures
aboard
passenger
ships.
6
International Maritime College Oman
Chapter 2:
Literature Review
MARITIME DEPARTMENT
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International Maritime College Oman
Table 2: Review of Literature on Fire Incidents in Passenger Ships
Part 1
Research Name
Understanding The Causes Of Recent
Cruise Ship Mishaps And Disasters.
Research In Transportation Business &
Management.
Effect Of Water Mist Suppression System
In Engine Room: Case Study Of Fire In
The Cruise Liner Ms Nordlys.
Activity Summary Report: Spirit Of
Norfolk Ship. U.S. Department Of
Homeland Security.
Authors
Mileski, J., Wang, G.,
& Beacham, L. L.
(2014).
Carnival Cruise Lines. Cornell Hotel And
Restaurant Administration Quarterly.
Kwortnik, R. J.
(2006).
Cruise Shipping Supply Chains And The
Impacts Of Disruptions: The Case of the
Caribbean.
BURNED BY THE TORCH OF THE
INCENDIARY.
Rodrigue & Wang
(2022).
Kolstad. (2014).
CG Inspection
Activity. (2022).
White. (2023).
Main Theme
Effectiveness of ship safety measures
after a fire incident
Importance of crew training and
system reliability in fire incidents on
cruise ships.
Fire incident aboard the Spirit of
Norfolk, emphasizing the need for
fire detection and
extinguishing systems.
Fire in the funnel of theCarnival
Freedom due to poor maintenance,
emergency response,and
compensation.
Cruise shipping supply chains and
the impacts of disruptions.
Pacific Historical
Review fire on the
American Oueen Cruises’
Ocean Navigator, investigation, and
assessment of ship’s seaworthiness
Part 2
Research Name
The Merchant Shipping (Fire Protection:
Large
Passenger Ships) Regulations 1998.
Authors
King’s Printer of Acts
of Parliament. (1999).
Australian Government Regulation
Impact Statement Status (2021).
Department of the
Prime Minister and
Cabinet. (2021).
MARITIME DEPARTMENT
Main Theme
Overview of the importance of a
robust
safety system, communication and
training protocols, and the need for
continuous improvement in maritime
safety measures.
Overview of the Australian
regulatory framework for passenger
ship safety, including fire-fighting
equipment, evacuation procedures,
and alignment with international
standards.
8
International Maritime College Oman
Systematic Analysis Of 2020 Revisions
To SOLAS Chapter II-2
Maritime and
Coastguard Agency
(2015).
Examination of the 2020 revisions to
SOLAS Chapter II-2 regulations,
covering legal and policy aspects,
technological assessments, incidents,
and emphasizing preventive
measures and technology
advancements.
Research Name
Initiatives for Ship Fire Safety Measures.
Authors
Nippon Kaii Kyokai.
(2021).
Main Theme
Examination of passenger ship fire
safety initiatives and discussions,
insight into proposed changes for
large vehicle carriers and container
passenger ships, based on trends
discussed by the International
Maritime Organization.
Designing for safety in passenger ships
utilizing advanced evacuation analyses. A
risk-based approach. Safety Science.
Vanem. E., & Skiong,
R. (2006).
Study investigating cost- effective
measures for reducing the risk from fires
