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I need 8 references at least. these are some things that should be aware of down below. Also it is AI generated so we should be aware.
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General Literature review-Academic Vocabulary
This is the section of your paper where you refer extensively to relevant research and theory in the field. You
should make connections between the studies you have read and where you position yourself among these
studies. It is important to show your audience that you have actively engaged with the relevant body of
knowledge your research is based on.
1. A number of/numerous scholars have …
1. conducted research on _____________
2. investigated why _____________
3. noted that_____________
4. correctly observed that _____________
5. examined the role of _____________
6. considered the implications of _____________
7. recognized the importance of _____________
8. sought to problematize_____________
9.pointed out that _____________
10. suggested that _____________
11. attempted to identify_____________
12.proposed theories to explain _____________
13. found evidence that _____________
14. sought to understand phenomena such as _____________
15. offered explanations for _____________
16. argued that _____________
17. contended that _____________
18. argued in favor of/against_____________
19. voiced concern about _____________
20. taken issue with_____________
21. openly questioned whether_____________
22.raised doubts regarding _____________
23.stressed the importance of_____________
24. carried out empirical studies on _____________
25.drawn parallels between_____________ and _____________
26.turned their attention to _____________
27.provided empirical evidence supporting _____________
28.written extensively about_____________
29.made the claim that_____________
30.acknowledged the fact that _____________
31. It is generally agreed that__________________________
32. Most of the research on_____________ suggests _____________
33. In the literature on _____________, there seems to be general agreement that _____________
34. It is generally accepted wisdom that _____________
35. Empirical evidence appears to confirm the notion that _____________
36. Definitions of _____________emerging from _____________include_____________
37. The literature on _____________has its roots in _____________
38. Proponents of _____________have pointed out that_____________
39.Despite differences in _____________, there are areas of agreement
40. Another area of disagreement among researchers is_____________
41. Most researchers working in the area of _____________agree on/that_____________.
42. Much of the debate over _____________has revolved around_____________
43. Much previous work on _____________ has focused on_____________
44. A recent line of research has focused on____________
45. _____________has generated an impressive amount of research.
46. Previous research has supported the hypothesis that _____________
47. There is a growing body of research on_____________
48. Previous studies have demonstrated_____________
49. Laboratory studies have clearly shown_____________
50. A considerable amount of research has focused on_____________
51. Past studies have yielded some important insights into_____________
52. Past studies have hinted at a link between_____________ and _____________
53. A number of studies have explored the relationship between_____________ and _____________
54. A recent line of research has established_____________
55. The existing literature emphasizes_____________
56. The current literature on_____________ suggest that _____________
57. The review of the literature shows that_____________
58. Current theories hypothesize that_____________
59. A widely accepted hypothesis is that_____________
60. Empirical evidence has supported the claim that _____________
61. The idea that _____________ is central to the theories of _____________
62. While there is wide agreement that _______views differ on _____________
63. While there is a broad agreement that_____________, it remains controversial
whether_____________
64. While early studies suggested that _____________, later research seems to indicate
that_____________
65. While it is generally agreed that _____________ there is less consensus over whether or
not_____________
Literature Review Prewriting
List each source you plan to cite (8-16 sources). Summarize each source and describe how each
source relates with the other sources. Consider what themes or issues connect your sources together.
Consider where your sources present differing perspectives or illuminate various aspects of the
topic.
You can draw on your source notes from last week’s activity or from the annotated bibliography.
Group 1:
Topic:
Source 1: Author (Year)
Summarize the source (1 sentence):
Describe how the source relates with the other sources (1 sentence):
Source 2: Author (Year)
Summarize the source (1 sentence):
Describe how the source relates with the other sources (1 sentence):
Source 3: Author (Year)
Summarize the source (1 sentence):
Describe how the source relates with the other sources (1 sentence):
Source 4: Author (Year)
Summarize the source (1 sentence):
Describe how the source relates with the other sources (1 sentence):
Source 5: Author (Year)
Summarize the source (1 sentence):
Describe how the source relates with the other sources (1 sentence):
Source 6: Author (Year)
Summarize the source (1 sentence):
Describe how the source relates with the other sources (1 sentence):
Source 7: Author (Year)
Summarize the source (1 sentence):
Describe how the source relates with the other sources (1 sentence):
Source 8: Author (Year)
Summarize the source (1 sentence):
Describe how the source relates with the other sources (1 sentence):
[You can add more sources as needed.]
Group your sources according to the themes or issues that connect your sources together. Consider
where your sources present differing perspectives on or illuminate various aspects of the topic.
Create 3-5 source groups:
Source group 1 (list the source[s]):
Theme:
Source group 2 (list the source[s]):
Theme:
Source group 3 (list the source[s]):
Theme:
If you have time:
1. Create a visual map of your sources.
2. Create an outline for your literature review paper.
Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW ON SMOKING
1
Literature Review on Smoking
Introduction
Smoking can be described as inhaling and even exhaling fumes from the materials of
burning plants. Several plant materials are usually smocked, i.e., hashish and marijuana but the
most common plant material being smoked by many individuals is tobacco which is usually
smoked as a cigar, cigarette, or pipe. Globally, the rate of smoking is high, with about 940 million
men and 170 million women aged between 15 and above to be actively engaged in smoking either
cigarettes or marijuana without looking at the consequences of the act (The Guardian., 2021).
Therefore, the discussion will be based on smoking, the kind of plants being smoked, and the
consequences of smoking.
According to a study by The Guardian 2021, smoking took the lives of about eight million
individuals in 2019, and the number has been increasing every year. The rise of smoking behavior
and death is something that the international community has not taken for granted, and they are
adopting several mechanisms to control the action. A study by guardian magazine states that about
89% of the newly recruited smokers are youth aged 25 who actively smoke tobacco or marijuana.
The study also showed the harm associated with smoking that users are likely to place themselves
in. Smoking has resulted in the death of about 1.7 million people due to ischaemic heart disease.
As a result, the death rate because of smoking. The international community joined hands and
signed the 2005 convention on tobacco to help reduce the smoking rate and even develop policies
like increasing the tax rates of the smoking products like a cigarette.
In another study, Sun 2020 indicates that millions have suffered chronic obstructive
pulmonary illness because of smoking, leading to their deaths. Other diseases resulting from
LITERATURE REVIEW ON SMOKING
2
smoking include lung cancer, tracheal bronchus, and even stroke, which have killed millions
(Kozieł et al., 2021). The death rate due to respiratory illness as a result of smoking has been a
topic of discussion in global agencies related to health, and they have joined hands to develop
measures to solve the problem.
The increase in death rates in several countries due to smoking led the international
community and every country to take several steps to prevent the issue. Countries such as Norway,
Italy, Sweden, Uruguay, Scotland, British, and even New Zealand banned smoking in public
vicinities (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2007). Countries like Ireland also
banned smoking in indoor workplaces such as restaurants and bars. The bans have had significance
in reducing the death rates and usage of the substances (Costa-Font et al., 2022). The restriction
has made users not smoke at any place as they were used to hence minimizing the usage of the
smoking products. When found smoking in restricted areas, the national government has instructed
the law enforcement officers to arrest them and charge them (Skerletopoulos et al., 2020). The
strict action by the governments is to ensure that smokers cannot cause danger to the other citizens
who are not users of the substances.
In conclusion, smoking has caused havoc internationally because of its effects: respiratory
diseases and even death. The governments have spent much of the funds treating patients who are
experiencing heart problems because of smoking. As much as policies have been enacted to reduce
the consumption of tobacco and marijuana substances, the users still find a way to ensure their
needs are met properly, not knowing the dangers they are putting upon themselves.
LITERATURE REVIEW ON SMOKING
3
References
Costa-Font, J., Salmasi, L., & Zaccagni, S. (2022). More Than a Ban on Smoking? Behavioural
Spillovers of Smoking Bans in the Workplace.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4042431
Kozieł, P., Jankowski, P., Kosior, D. A., Sowa, P., Szóstak-Janiak, K., Krzykwa, A., … & Pająk,
A. (2021). Smoking cessation in patients with established coronary artery disease: data
from the POLASPIRE survey. Kardiologia Polska (Polish Heart Journal), 79(4), 418425.
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. (2007). A Change in the Air: Smoking Bans
Gain Momentum Worldwide. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1940108/
Skerletopoulos, L., Makris, A., & Khaliq, M. (2020). “Trikala Quits Smoking”: A Citizen CoCreation Program Design to Enforce the Ban on Smoking in Enclosed Public Spaces in
Greece. Social Marketing Quarterly, 26(3), 189-203.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1524500420942437
Sun, X., Shang, J., Wu, A., Xia, J., & Xu, F. (2020). Identification of dynamic signatures
associated with smoking‐related squamous cell lung cancer and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 24(2), 1614-1625.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jcmm.14852
The Guardian. (2021). Number of smokers has reached all-time high of 1.1 billion, study finds.
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/may/27/number-of-smokers-has-reached-alltime-high-of-11-billion-study-finds
Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW ON SMOKING
1
Literature Review on Smoking
Introduction
Smoking can be described as inhaling and even exhaling fumes from the materials of
burning plants. Several plant materials are usually smocked, i.e., hashish and marijuana but the
most common plant material being smoked by many individuals is tobacco which is usually
smoked as a cigar, cigarette, or pipe. Globally, the rate of smoking is high, with about 940 million
men and 170 million women aged between 15 and above to be actively engaged in smoking either
cigarettes or marijuana without looking at the consequences of the act (The Guardian., 2021).
Therefore, the discussion will be based on smoking, the kind of plants being smoked, and the
consequences of smoking.
According to a study by The Guardian 2021, smoking took the lives of about eight million
individuals in 2019, and the number has been increasing every year. The rise of smoking behavior
and death is something that the international community has not taken for granted, and they are
adopting several mechanisms to control the action. A study by guardian magazine states that about
89% of the newly recruited smokers are youth aged 25 who actively smoke tobacco or marijuana.
The study also showed the harm associated with smoking that users are likely to place themselves
in. Smoking has resulted in the death of about 1.7 million people due to ischaemic heart disease.
As a result, the death rate because of smoking. The international community joined hands and
signed the 2005 convention on tobacco to help reduce the smoking rate and even develop policies
like increasing the tax rates of the smoking products like a cigarette.
In another study, Sun 2020 indicates that millions have suffered chronic obstructive
pulmonary illness because of smoking, leading to their deaths. Other diseases resulting from
LITERATURE REVIEW ON SMOKING
2
smoking include lung cancer, tracheal bronchus, and even stroke, which have killed millions
(Kozieł et al., 2021). The death rate due to respiratory illness as a result of smoking has been a
topic of discussion in global agencies related to health, and they have joined hands to develop
measures to solve the problem.
The increase in death rates in several countries due to smoking led the international
community and every country to take several steps to prevent the issue. Countries such as Norway,
Italy, Sweden, Uruguay, Scotland, British, and even New Zealand banned smoking in public
vicinities (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2007). Countries like Ireland also
banned smoking in indoor workplaces such as restaurants and bars. The bans have had significance
in reducing the death rates and usage of the substances (Costa-Font et al., 2022). The restriction
has made users not smoke at any place as they were used to hence minimizing the usage of the
smoking products. When found smoking in restricted areas, the national government has instructed
the law enforcement officers to arrest them and charge them (Skerletopoulos et al., 2020). The
strict action by the governments is to ensure that smokers cannot cause danger to the other citizens
who are not users of the substances.
In conclusion, smoking has caused havoc internationally because of its effects: respiratory
diseases and even death. The governments have spent much of the funds treating patients who are
experiencing heart problems because of smoking. As much as policies have been enacted to reduce
the consumption of tobacco and marijuana substances, the users still find a way to ensure their
needs are met properly, not knowing the dangers they are putting upon themselves.
LITERATURE REVIEW ON SMOKING
3
References
Costa-Font, J., Salmasi, L., & Zaccagni, S. (2022). More Than a Ban on Smoking? Behavioural
Spillovers of Smoking Bans in the Workplace.
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4042431
Kozieł, P., Jankowski, P., Kosior, D. A., Sowa, P., Szóstak-Janiak, K., Krzykwa, A., … & Pająk,
A. (2021). Smoking cessation in patients with established coronary artery disease: data
from the POLASPIRE survey. Kardiologia Polska (Polish Heart Journal), 79(4), 418425.
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. (2007). A Change in the Air: Smoking Bans
Gain Momentum Worldwide. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1940108/
Skerletopoulos, L., Makris, A., & Khaliq, M. (2020). “Trikala Quits Smoking”: A Citizen CoCreation Program Design to Enforce the Ban on Smoking in Enclosed Public Spaces in
Greece. Social Marketing Quarterly, 26(3), 189-203.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1524500420942437
Sun, X., Shang, J., Wu, A., Xia, J., & Xu, F. (2020). Identification of dynamic signatures
associated with smoking‐related squamous cell lung cancer and chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease. Journal of cellular and molecular medicine, 24(2), 1614-1625.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jcmm.14852
The Guardian. (2021). Number of smokers has reached all-time high of 1.1 billion, study finds.
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/may/27/number-of-smokers-has-reached-alltime-high-of-11-billion-study-finds
Literature Review
Instructions and Rubric
Your literature review should present a solid overview of what different authors have said about your topic (at least 6). Like most
papers, the literature review should have a clear introduction, body, and conclusion:
Introduction: (approximately 150 words)
– Provide an overview of the topic and its importance.
– Clearly state your research question or research problem that is guiding your inquiry into the literature.
Body (approximately 500-750 words)
– Organize your review based on themes, chronology, or other relevant categories. Group your sources into those categories.
– Briefly summarize each author’s findings (remember that summary is NOT your primary task in a literature review).
– Critically analyze the selected sources, discussing how each source contributes to our understanding of the topic.
– Connect the sources to each other, comparing and contrasting the findings and arguments of different authors.
– Address any shifts or developments in your topic over time.
– Possibly start to addresses gaps or questions in the research in preparation for stating your main research gap in the
conclusion.
Conclusions/Directions for further research: (approximately 100 words):
Discuss what you have drawn from reviewing literature so far, and summarize key insights and findings from the review. Identify
specifically what gaps or questions remain. Where might the discussion proceed?
Citations:
Make sure that each text used (whether summarized, quoted, or paraphrased) is cited with an in-text citation in APA format. At the
end, there should be a complete reference list of bibliographic information for all sources in APA format.
NOTE: Each group member’s contribution needs to be in a different color font. Please use a darker color, such as purple, blue, or
green, so that it can be clearly read.
Rubric for Literature Review
Advanced
Successful
Emerging
Sources &
Length
The review discusses 8-15 sources. The
review is at least 750 words and no more
than 1500.
The review discusses at least 6
sources. The review is at least 600
words.
There are fewer than 6 sources.
The review is fewer than 600
words.
Citations
Each in-text citation follows APA format
perfectly. There is a reference list at the end
with full citations that are completely correct.
The in-text citations and the reference
list mostly follow APA format.
There are numerous errors in APA
format, with in-text citation, with the
reference list, or with both.
Organization
There is a clear and highly effective
organizational pattern used. It is followed
consistently throughout the review. The
organization helps make sense of the
sources and shows how they relate to each
other.
There is an evident pattern of
organization. It is mostly followed
consistently. The organization helps
somewhat to make sense of the
sources.
There is little or no evidence of an
organizational pattern.
Idea
development
The main ideas of each source or group of
sources are summarized clearly and
succinctly. There is an excellent discussion
of gaps in the research or places for further
questions. The relationship between the
sources’ ideas is very clear.
The main ideas of each source or
group of sources are summarized
somewhat clearly. There is a discussion
of gaps or further questions. Some
effort is made to show relationships of
ideas among sources.
The sources are not summarized
clearly; there is confusion about
what the sources are saying and/or
how they relate to each other (or
how they relate to the students’
topic).
Grammar/
mechanics
Very few errors in grammar and/or
mechanics (5 or fewer). No errors that
distract from the content of the essay.
Some errors in grammar and/or
mechanics (10 or fewer). May include
errors that occasionally distract from
the content.
Many errors in grammar and/or
mechanics. Errors distract
significantly from the content of the
essay.
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