Description
This assignment MUST be typed, double-spaced, in 7th edition APA style, and must be written at graduate level English.
Directions:
For the case presented below, you are required to incorporate a violence assessment as well as intervention and prevention strategies in your analyses. Discuss the case specific to the persons and situations presented but be creative in your responses. Consider the California Laws, or the Laws in the state in which you plan to practice in your response, as well factors relevant to diversity. Remember to cite all sources in APA format.
See file California Courts on Domestic Violence with files
Brian and Jeffrey
Brian, a self-identified, cisgender, 45-year-old gay man, obtained a restraining order in the state of California against his former partner, Jeffrey. The couple had been together for 20 years. Brian reports that the relationship has been rocky. Jeffrey has always been jealous and suspicious, but accusations of infidelity had increased to the point of verbally volatile arguments, though Brian denies any physical altercations. Brain shares that Jeffrey has used cocaine and other stimulant drugs for most of their relationship.
The couple went to counseling and it was agreed that they should reside. separately to deescalate the situation. After Jeffrey accused Brian of having an affair with his boss, Jeffrey threatened to burn Brian’s house down. A short time later he set fire to some cardboard boxes on the porch causing charring to the wood before Brian could put it out. Jeffrey started screaming at Brian that it was all his fault that the relationship is ending and that he would make him pay. Jeffrey jumped in his truck and started ramming into Brian’s car.
Brian obtained a restraining order. The provisions of the court order require that Jeffrey must refrain from abusing, threatening, or attempting to harm Brian in any way. Further, Jeffrey is ordered not to contact Brian or come near his residence. While Jeffrey has not come near the home, Brian sees him lurking outside his place of employment.
Your discussion must include:
1. Use of the information in the Couple Therapy text, Chapter 12 on Substance Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence
2. A summary of the screening, assessment and intervention of Brian and Jeffrey’s situation. Be creative in your case discussion, using the following file below
Do not type or copy the scenario into your discussion.
Your total assignment should be approximately 3-4 pages plus a title and reference page
Activity Outcomes
Formulate assessment, diagnosis and intervention strategies for Intimate Partner Violence.
Identify legal and ethical issues when working with couples.
Unformatted Attachment Preview
AN N OTAT E D B IBLIO GR A PHY
CENTER for
VICTIM RESEARCH
The Impact of Culturally Relevant Programs
The Center for Victim Research (CVR) Library’s annotated bibliographies collect and summarize research
about difficult-to-search topics in victim research — your shovel to start uncovering buried knowledge!
With increasing racial and ethnic diversity in the United States, mainstream victim services have the
opportunity to expand victim-centered practices to address the needs of survivors from specific cultural
communities. Cultural competency represents the ability of an organization or program to integrate
accessible resources that will meet the needs of the dynamic sociocultural identities of historically
marginalized populations. This annotated bibliography gathers research on the impact of culturally relevant
programs for survivors of violence.
Searches were conducted in English in the CVR Library collection, Google Scholar, and the National
Criminal Justice Reference Service. Most papers were published between 2007 and 2019, and this
bibliography includes systematic literature reviews, journal articles, and program evaluations. Topics
include intimate partner violence, sexual assault, gender-based violence, adverse childhood experiences,
and elder abuse; other interpersonal crimes are not included. Articles are sorted first by barriers to service
and the needs of specific populations, followed by reports of culturally specific program evaluations. The
articles in this bibliography focus mostly on direct victim assistance like housing, counseling, peer support,
skill building, and healthcare. Research about law enforcement, courts, and legal services are not covered in
this bibliography. Contact the CVR Research Librarian for assistance locating full text or additional articles.
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE, SEXUAL ASSAULT, GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
Publications that discuss multiple cultures are listed below, sorted by published date. Subsections focus on research with Latinx,
Asian-Pacific American, African American, Indigenous, and Religious/Spiritual communities and on evaluations of culturally
specific interventions.
Envisioning Future Directions: Conversations With Leaders in Domestic and Sexual Assault Advocacy, Policy, Service,
and Research by Jacquelyn White et al. (Violence Against Women, 2019, vol. 25, no. 1, 105-127)
This article provides insight into the future of domestic violence and sexual assault victim services and
how leaders in the field believe it should progress. The key recommendation regarding cultural competency is the incorporation of victim input in program development and evaluation. The authors emphasize the
importance of recognizing the diverse identities of marginalized victims, and encourage the development
of adaptable victim services and training strategies. See page 108 for a model of implementation of
culturally appropriate services and responses.
For more details on how to involve communities in every step of the research process, see Participatory Action
Research in Practice: A Case Study in Addressing Domestic Violence in Nine Cultural Communities
by Marianne Sullivan et al. (Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 2005, vol. 20, no. 8, 977-995)
Center for Victim Research: Research Roundup on Human Trafficking Victims with Disabilities or Mentall Illness | 1
Exploring the Needs and Lived Experiences of Racial and Ethnic Minority Domestic Violence Survivors Through
Community-Based Participatory Research: A Systematic Review by Maya Ragavan et al. (Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 2018, 1-18)
This systematic review summarizes studies that have used a community-based participatory research
approach, which establishes collaborative relationships between researchers and individuals within the
community. The article includes information on the relationship between racial/ethnic minority cultures
and their needs from domestic violence victim services.
Culturally Specific Interventions for Female Survivors of Gender-Based Violence by Jennifer O’ Brian and Rebecca Macy. (Aggression
and Violent Behavior, 2016, vol. 31, 48-60)
This article highlights that different cultures perpetuate
unequal gender norms, which can influence the
development of gender-based violence. This systematic
review includes existing literature on culturally specific
interventions for female survivors, such as including
community member advice, using traditional healers,
training service providers, and increasing a victim’s
sense of empowerment. Cultures discussed in this
review include Alaskan Native/American Indian populations, Hispanic and African American populations, and
Asian populations.
Health Disparities and Violence Against Women: Why and
How Cultural and Societal Influences Matter by Tricia BentGoodley (Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 2007, vol. 8, no. 2, 90-104)
Needs Assessment and Gaps Analysis
Several states identified gaps in knowledge and services
for meeting the needs of historically marginalized
populations in their needs assessment reports:
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California
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Maine
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Maryland
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Nevada
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Rhode Island
This article provides insight on how culture-specific
factors influence the health of intimate partner violence
(IPV) survivors. The research review covers internal,
institutional, and systemic barriers to service and help-seeking by women of color who have experienced
IPV, such as stigmatization, poverty, lack of physician training, and inadequate screening tools.
CULTURALLY SPECIFIC NEEDS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE, SEXUAL
ASSAULT, OR GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE SURVIVORS
Finding a Way: Innovative Housing Solutions of Latin@ Survivors of Domestic Violence and Successful Practices of
Culturally Specific Community-Based Organizations by Martha Hernadez-Martinez et al. (National Latin@ Network, 2018, 1-20)
This report discusses a collaboration between community advocates who work with survivors and
researchers to develop culturally relevant suggestions for future programs and policies. By focusing on the
specific barriers that Latinx survivors face when accessing services, such as cultural stigma, language barriers, and immigration status, this report was able to identify the unique resource needs for safe housing of
Latinx survivors.
For information about the cultural influences on the mental health of Latina survivors, see: “Guardarse Las
Cosas Adentro” (Keeping Things Inside): Latina Violence Survivors’ Perceptions of Depression by
Christina Nicolaidis et al. (Journal of General Internal Medicine, 2011, vol. 26, no. 10, 1131-1137)
Center for Victim Research: Research Roundup on Human Trafficking Victims with Disabilities or Mentall Illness | 2
Understanding Intimate Partner Violence in the Asian Communities in America: A Systematic Review iby Chunrye Kim and
Margaret Schmuhl. (Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 2018, 9 pgs)
This systematic review addresses existing literature to examine the current state of knowledge on intimate
partner violence in Asian American communities. This article analyzed 57 empirically based journal articles
about the direct experiences of Intimate Partner Violence survivors, theoretical frameworks, demographics of study participants, and policy recommendations such as education and community outreach. The
findings show that the majority of studies are focused on the statistical relationship between intimate
partner violence and predictive variables, as well as predictors of physical and emotional/psychological
abuse. The majority of studies also recommended
the development of community-based intervention programs for Asian survivors.
For further reading, see also:
Defining an Effective Response To DVSA In
American Samoa by American Samoa Alliance
Against Domestic & Sexual Violence. (Asian Pacific
CVR Library Search Strategy
Below are similar or related keywords for:
•
Cultural Barriers to Help-Seeking Among
Taiwanese Female Victims of Dating Violence by
April Chiung-Tao Shen. (Journal of Interpersonal Violence,
2011, vol. 26, no. 7, 1343-1365)
Identifying the Needs of American Indian Women Who
Sought Shelter: A Practitioner-Researcher Partnership
by Kathleen Fox et al. (Journal of Family Violence, 2018, vol. 33, no. 4,
251-256)
Culturally Relevant: cultural respect, culturally sen-
sitive, culturally specific, culturally tailored, culturally
responsive, multicultural, values
Institute on Gender-Based Violence, 2019, 54 pgs)
•
Minorities: historically marginalized populations,
diverse populations
•
Community-based Participatory Research: peo-
ple-based inquiry, community-engaged, researcher-practitioner partnerships
•
Interventions: programs, policies, services
Login to VictimResearch.org and view an example of
how to combine search terms to create a database search
string.
This article addresses the gaps in knowledge and
services for female American Indian survivors of
domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking.
The article identified specific needs of survivors
such as safety-planning services, legal help, and reconnecting with the tribal community. Service providers
discussed successful personalized services such as increasing a survivors’ resilience and providing shelter,
social support, and mental health counseling.
For more information regarding the needs of indigenous people, see:
Honoring Resilience Narratives: Protective Factors Among Indigenous Women Experiencing Intimate
Partner Violence by Catherine Burnette and Timothy Hefflinger. (The Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work, 2016, vol. 21,
no. 1, 63-78)
Removing Roadblocks – Recommendations for Direct Service Providers to Build More Victim-Centric Services for Muslim
Survivors of Sexual Assault by Amina Syed et al. (HEART Women & Girls and Muslim American Women’s Policy Forum, 2017, 39 pgs)
Two organizations led by Muslim women conducted a quantitative study to fill the gap in research about
Muslim survivors of sexual assault. This paper highlights the most frequent types of assistance requested
by Muslim survivors and barriers to service such as lack of accessibility and community support, general
stigma and specific cultural taboos about discussing sexual violence, and misunderstandings of religion.
The report also discusses differences in race, ethnicity, and religion.
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Shattering Silence: Exploring Barriers to Disclosure for African American Sexual Assault Survivors by Shaquita Tillman. (Trauma,
Violence, & Abuse, 2010, vol. 11, no. 2, 59-70)
This literature review exposes the existing gaps in research regarding the disclosure, help-seeking, and
reporting of sexual assault by female African American survivors. The authors discuss several culture-specific barriers to disclosure experienced by female African American survivors, such as self-blame, revictimization by service systems, and racism. Recommendations are provided for the integration of culturally
informed interventions into victim service programs, such as routine screening and improved staff training.
For further information on existing literature, see:
Intimate Partner Violence Against African American women: An Examination of the Socio-Cultural
Context by Casey Taft et al. (Aggression and Violent Behavior, 2009, vol. 14, no. 1, 50-58)
A Metasynthesis of Qualitative Findings on the Role of Spirituality and Religiosity Among Culturally Diverse Domestic
Violence Survivor by Alice Yick. (Qualitative Health Research, 2009, vol. 18, no. 9, 1289-1306)
This study synthesizes existing literature findings on female victims of domestic violence that turn to
spiritual or religious beliefs and practices as coping mechanisms. The synthesis includes practice implications for service providers, such as encouraging the assessment of the role that spirituality and religiosity
may play in a survivor’s life and increasing collaboration with religious/spiritual institutions to develop
culturally competent practices.
For further information on Muslim and Christian Arab women survivors of domestic violence, see:
Cultural Beliefs and Service Utilization by Battered Arab Immigrant Women by Wahiba Abu-Ras (Violence
Against Women, 2007, vol. 13, no. 10, 1002-1028)
EVALUATIONS OF CULTURALLY SPECIFIC INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE/
SEXUAL ASSAULT/GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE PROGRAMS
Well-Being of Latina Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Assault Receiving Trauma-Informed and CulturallySpecific Services by Josephine Serrata et al. (Journal of Family Violence, 2019, 1-12)
This article studies the effects of integrating trauma-informed practices and culturally-specific practices
for Latina survivors of intimate partner violence and sexual assault. For example, programs used Latinx
healing metaphors and employment of Latinx staff in combination with recovery of a survivor’s sense
of control. Findings indicate that combining culturally-specific and trauma-informed practices produce
positive outcomes for Latina survivors, increasing self-efficacy, empowerment, and emotional well-being.
The weWomen and ourCircle Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol: A Web-Based Intervention for Immigrant, Refugee and
Indigenous Women with Intimate Partner Violence Experiences by Sabri Bushra et al. (Contemporary Clinical Trials, 2019, vol. 76, 79-84)
This article provides information on two culturally-adapted risk assessment and safety planning interventions for immigrant and indigenous women who are at risk of intimate partner violence. Researchers
developed the tailored interventions through input from focus group and interview data collected from
victim service practitioners, Native American survivors, and immigrant and refugee survivors from Asia,
Africa, Central America, and Caribbean regions. Through online data collection, the intervention assessed
the danger of intimate partner violence for each woman regarding levels of mistreatment, symptoms of
trauma and depression, and changes in empowerment.
Center for Victim Research: Research Roundup on Human Trafficking Victims with Disabilities or Mentall Illness | 4
Creating Safe Spaces: A Community Health Worker-Academic Partnered Approach to Addressing Intimate Partner
Violence by Ashley Wennerstrom et al. (Ethnicity and Disease, 2018, vol. 28, no. 2, 317-324)
This article describes the development of a collaboration between researchers and the community in the
development of outreach and culturally competent prevention projects targeted at female non-Hispanic
Black survivors of intimate partner violence. The community-researcher collaboration included writing
a funding proposal and developing an advisory board and a community coalition. Goals of this project
focused on serving all members of the community with increased sensitivity towards the needs of historically marginalized populations, while maintaining flexibility to meet the dynamic needs of the community.
A to Z Advocacy Model: Asians and Pacific Islanders Build an Inventory of Evidence-Informed Practices by Chic Dabby (Asian
Pacific Institute on Gender-Based Violence, 2017, 56 pgs)
This report introduces the A to Z Advocacy Model, an evidence-based tool for evaluating culturally-specific interventions and understanding how program practices meet the needs of Asian and Pacific
Islander survivors of domestic violence. The advocacy model was developed with survivor input through
the use of surveys with victim advocates and domestic violence service providers. The model addresses
several principles for program development, including the combination of diverse marginalized identities,
language accessibility, survivor-centered advocacy, and evidence-informed practices.
For further information, see:
Lifecourse Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence and Help-Seeking among Filipina, Indian, and
Pakistani Women: Implications for Justice System Responses by Mieko Yoshihama et. al. (Asian Pacific Institute
on Gender-Based Violence, 2010, 122 pgs) Improving Services to African American Survivors of IPV: From the Voices of
Recipients of Culturally Specific Services by Tameka Gillum (Violence Against Women, 2009, vol. 15, no. 1, 57-80)
Improving Services to African American Survivors of IPV: From the Voices of Recipients of Culturally Specific Services by
Tameka Gillum (Violence Against Women, 2009, vol. 15, no. 1, 57-80)
The purpose of this article was to study whether or not culturally appropriate interventions were more
successful than mainstream interventions for African American survivors of intimate partner violence
(IPV). Analysis of interview results showed that survivors found culturally specific interventions, such as
a welcoming environment for African Americans and support for leaving an abusive relationship, to be a
positive experience.
For further reading on culturally specific counseling interventions with African American women, see:
Suicidal, Abused African American Women’s Response to a Culturally Informed Intervention by Nadine
Kaslow et al. (Journal of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, 2010, vol. 78, no. 4, 449-458)
A Network Model for Providing Culturally Competent Services for Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Violence by Daniel
Whitaker et al. (Violence Against Women, 2007, vol. 13, no. 2, 190-209)
This article describes the development and implementation of the Collaborative for Abuse Prevention in
Racial and Ethnic Communities program, which had the goal to provide culturally competent services to
Latinx survivors of intimate partner and sexual violence. Several procedural changes emerged from this
project, including language proficiency of staff, home visits, and greater collaboration between programs.
For additional reading on community-based participatory research with Latinx survivors, see:
Proyecto Interconexiones: A Pilot Test of a Community-Based Depression Care Program for Latina
Violence Survivors by Christina Nicolaidis et al. (Progress in Community Health Partnerships: Research, Education, and
Action, 2013, vol. 7, no. 4, 395-401)
Needs and Preferences for the Prevention of Intimate Partner Violence among Hispanics: A
Community’s Perspective by Rosa Maria Gonzalez-Guarda et al. (Journal of Primary Prevention, 2013, vol. 34, no. 4,
221-235)
Center for Victim Research: Research Roundup on Human Trafficking Victims with Disabilities or Mentall Illness | 5
ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES
Publications are sorted by publication date and include articles identifying cultural needs and evaluations of culturally specifi
interventions.
SPIRIT: Supporting, Protection, Integration, and Resources in Tribes A Research-to Practice Fellowship Project by Dr. Holly
Scheib and Po Chen. (Center for Victim Research, 2018, 8 pgs)
This is the final report for the Supporting Protection, Integration, and Resources in Tribes (SPIRIT)
fellowship project. This project aimed to bridge the gap between researchers and tribal communities
using culturally sensitive strategies to develop trust with the Taos Pueblo community and gather data
to gain insight on the wellbeing of victimized tribal children. Their findings contribute to interventions
targeting child abuse and neglect within tribal communities. SPIRIT’s culturally competent data collection
techniques could be adapted for use with other American Indian/Alaskan Native communities.
See also: Tell Us About it, Episode 9: Defining a Well Child in Taos Pueblo with SPIRIT by Dr. Holly Scheib
and Po Chen. (Center for Victim Research, 2019, 25:43)
For more information on culturally relevant interventions for American Indian and Alaskan Native children, see:
Adapting Evidence-Based Treatments for Use with American Indian and Native Alaskan Children
and Youth by Delores Subia Bigfoot and Janie Braden. (Focal Point: Research and Training Center on Family Support and
Children’s Mental Health, 2007, vol. 21, no. 1, 19-22)
Insights from Survivors and Latino Professional Counselors Providing Interventions to Latino Children Affected by
Domestic Violence: Implications for Culturally Responsive Interventions and Professional Training by Estela Melgoza. (National
Louis University, 2017, 107 pgs)
This dissertation provides information regarding “Caritas de Ezperanza”, a culturally relevant intervention
for Latinx children who have experienced domestic violence. The evaluation found that the program
increased children’s feelings of self-efficacy and decreased negative attitudes. Interviews revealed that
parents believed the inclusion of Latinx values in an intervention is important, and counselors believed
positive first impressions were critical for continued engagement in therapy.
For further reading on program tailored for Latinx children, see:
Youth & Parent-Focused Prevention Strategies: Evaluation of a Personal Safety Program with Latino
Preschoolers by Maureen Kenny (Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2012, vol. 21, no. 4, 368-385)
Is a Structured, Manualized, Evidence-Based Treatment Protocol Culturally Competent and Equivalently Effective Among
American Indian Parents in Child Welfare? by Mark Chaffin et al. (Child Maltreatment, 2012, vol. 17, no. 3, 242-252)
This study evaluates the success of the manualized “SafeCare” home-based model in reducing child
welfare recidivism among American Indian families. Results show that through culturally competent
behavioral skill training, SafeCare reduced child maltreatment recidivism. The program’s strengths could be
implemented into future child maltreatment interventions.
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Provider Cultural Competency, Client Satisfaction, and Engagement in Home-Based Programs to Treat Child Abuse
and Neglect by Amy Damashek et al. (Child Maltreatment, 2011, vol. 17, no. 1, 56-66)
This article conducted a comparative analysis between two home-based programs aimed at providing
child abuse and neglect interventions. The results indicate that the treatment program with greater
cultural competency had higher satisfaction rates, was more effective in goal accomplishment, and had
increased rates of client engagement. The authors support the implementation of cultural competency
into home-based programs and treatment to improve engagement.
Cultural Issues in Disclosures of Child Sexual Abuse by Lisa Aronson Fontes and Carol Plummer. (Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 2010, vol.
19, no. 5, 491-518)
This article emphasizes the influence of cultural norms on disclosure, help-seeking, and reporting of
child sexual abuse. Cultural values and influences such as shame, virginity, gender status, and honor are
discussed as affecting the probability of disclosure by a child throughout several cultures in the United
States and abroad. The authors provide guidelines towards culturally relevant best practices when dealing
with the issue of child sexual abuse.
ELDER ABUSE
Publications are sorted by publication date and include articles identifying cultural needs and evaluations of culturally specific
interventions.
Elder Mistreatment in South Asian Communities: A Review of the Literature by Ashfaque Ahmed Talpur et al. (Journal of Adult
Protection, 2018, vol. 20, no. 5, 193-206)
This literature review summarizes existing knowledge on the topic of elder abuse in South Asian communities. The article aids in identifying current gaps in research and includes information regarding risk
factors for older adults in South Asian communities, as well as cultural values that influence the response
to elder mistreatment.
For additional research on elder abuse in East Asian and South Asian communities, see:
Developing a Comprehensive Understanding of Elder Abuse Prevention in Immigrant Communities:
A Comparative Mixed Methods Study Protocol by Sepali Guruge et al. (BMJ Open, 2019, vol. 9, no. 1, 1-6)
Multicultural Voices: Attitudes of Older Adults in the United States about Elder Mistreatment by Susan Enguidanos et al. (Ageing
& Society, 2014, vol. 34, no. 5, 877-903)
This article includes the findings from five different racial/ethnic focus groups regarding cultural perceptions of elder mistreatment, such as Latinx respondents indicating lack of respect as a key factor for abuse.
Findings also showed strong concerns regarding placement in nursing homes among African American
respondents. Other themes included individual impairment, reporting, and education regarding elder
abuse.
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Elder Abuse and Neglect in African American Families: Informing Practice Based on Ecological and Cultural Frameworks by
Sheena Horsford et al. (Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect, 2011, vol. 23, no. 1, 75-88)
This article introduces a culturally-informed model, based on social and cultural environment influences,
to identify the risk and protective factors associated with elder abuse and neglect within African American
families. The model focuses on culture-specific analysis of factors including African American family values
such as loyalty, spirituality, and community support. Additional factors such as distrust of formal victim
services, racial disparities, and limited access to culturally relevant services are included to explain elder
abuse and neglect.
For more information regarding elder mistreatment among African American families, see:
Mistreatment of African American Elders (National Center on Elder Abuse, 2016, 4 pgs)
Drawing on Wisdom From the Past: An Elder Abuse Intervention With Tribal Communities by Patricia Holkup et. al. (Gerontologist,
2007, vol. 47, no. 2, 248-254)
This article provides information about the application of a culturally relevant intervention program targeting elder abuse based on an intervention model developed by the Maori tribal community. The Family
Care Conference (FCC) intervention incorporates the tribal elders, family, and community to overcome the
barriers in service that neglect traditional Native American values. The article includes information on the
six-stage process of the FCC intervention for further insight.
Toolkits/Programmatic Resources
Find us online at
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Asian/Pacific Islander Domestic Violence Resource Project: toolkit for culturally specific,
collaborative, community-based interventions.
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Black Women’s Blueprint: training on culturally competency and resources (viewing and
discussion guide on addressing sexual violence in Black communities)
•
National Center on Domestic Violence, Trauma, and Mental Health: Tools for Transformation:
Becoming Accessible, Culturally Responsive, and Trauma-Informed Organizations
•
National Latin@ Network/Casa de Esperanza: special collection based around “the framework
and philosophy of Casa de Esperanza as a foundation to its trauma-informed work…culturally
specific resources and tools that address domestic violence within the Latin@ context related to
policy, research and service provision”.
•
National Sexual Violence Resource Center: Developing Culturally Responsive Approaches to
Serving Diverse Populations: A Resource Guide for Community-Based Organizations.
•
Women of Color Network: toolkits and research papers based on research with anti-violence
advocates
VictimResearch.org
@VictimResearch
@CenterVictimResearch
Special thanks to Joan Dominguez for her work compiling and summarizing the research in this bibliography.
This document was produced by the Center for Victim Research under grant number 2016-XV-GX-K006, awarded by the Office for Victims of Crime, Office of Justice Programs,
U.S. Department of Justice. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this document are those of the contributors and do not necessarily
represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice.
SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT
POSTED THURSDAY, MARCH 26, 2020
Emergency Court Actions and COVID-19
(Coronavirus)
Domestic Violence
Please note that websites you visit may be viewed by someone else later.
Always clear your browsing history after searching the web. Consider using
a public or friend’s computer if you are concerned about someone viewing
your browsing history.
Are You in Danger Now? If you need help right now, call “911.”
You can also call:
•
•
Your local Domestic Violence Shelter , or
The National Domestic Violence Hotline :
1-800-799-7233
TDD: 1-800-787-3224
What Is Domestic Violence?
Domestic violence is abuse or threats of abuse when the person being abused and the abuser are or have been
in an intimate relationship (married or domestic partners, are dating or used to date, live or lived together, or
have a child together). It is also when the abused person and the abusive person are closely related by blood or
by marriage.
The domestic violence laws say “abuse” is:
•
•
•
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Physically hurting or trying to hurt someone, intentionally or recklessly;
Sexual assault;
Making someone reasonably afraid that they or someone else are about to be seriously hurt (like
threats or promises to harm someone); OR
Behavior like harassing, stalking, threatening, or hitting someone; disturbing someone’s peace; or
destroying someone’s personal property.
The physical abuse is not just hitting. Abuse can be kicking, shoving, pushing, pulling hair, throwing things,
scaring or following you, or keeping you from freely coming and going. It can even include physical abuse of
the family pets.
Also, keep in mind that the abuse in domestic violence does not have to be physical. Abuse can be verbal
(spoken), emotional, or psychological. You do not have to be physically hit to be abused. Often, abuse takes
many forms, and abusers use a combination of tactics to control and have power over the person being abused.
Read more about domestic violence and abuse . If you live in a tribal community in California and are
experiencing domestic violence, click to get more information.
If you are being abused in any of these ways or you feel afraid or controlled by your partner or someone you
are close with, it may help you to talk to a domestic violence counselor, even if you do not want (or are not
sure if you want) to ask for legal protection. Find domestic violence resources in your county . Find domestic
violence resources in tribal communities.
Read about domestic violence laws starting with California Family Code section 6203 . You can find criminal
domestic violence laws in the California Penal Code, like Penal Code section 273.5 , Penal Code section
243(e)(1) , and others.
Domestic Violence Restraining Orders
A domestic violence restraining order is a court order that helps protect people from abuse or threats of abuse
from someone they have a close relationship with.
You can ask for a domestic violence restraining order if:
1.
A person has abused (or threatened to abuse) you;
AND
2.
You have a close relationship with that person. You are:
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•
•
•
•
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Married or registered domestic partners,
Divorced or separated,
Dating or used to date,
Living together or used to live together(more than roommates),
Parents together of a child, OR
Closely related (parent, child, brother, sister, grandmother, grandfather, in-law).
If you are a parent and your child is being abused, you can also file a restraining order on behalf of your child
to protect your child (and you and other family members). If your child is 12 or older, he or she can file the
restraining order on his or her own.
If you do not qualify for a domestic violence restraining order, there are other kinds of orders you can ask for:
•
•
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Civil harassment restraining order (can be used for neighbors, roommates, coworkers, or more distant
family members like cousins, uncle or aunt, etc.). Find more information on getting a civil harassment restraining
order.
Elder or dependent adult abuse restraining order (if the person being abused is 65 or older; or between
18 and 64 and a dependent adult). Find more information on getting an elder or dependent adult abuse restraining
order.
Workplace violence restraining order (filed by an employer to protect an employee from violence,
stalking, or harassment by another person). Find more information on getting a workplace violence restraining
order.
If you are not sure what kind of restraining order you should get, talk to a lawyer. For help finding a lawyer.
Also, your court’s family law facilitator or self-help center may be able to help you. And your local legal
services offices may also be able to help you or refer you to someone who can.
If you live in an Indian tribal community or reservation, the tribe may have resources to assist you. If there is a
tribal court, the court may be able to give you a protective order. Click for more information on tribal courts.
What a restraini
