Description
The paper will be in APA format and is 8-10 pages long, not including title and reference sections. You must use at least 7 references from our field as well as outside of this class and have a minimum of 14 total references. You will be required to base your paper on published scholarly articles (and books) found either in your local libraries or using the Sage Library online databases. There, you will do a literature search to locate needed research and conceptual articles from the field of the experimental analysis of behavior and applied behavior analysis.
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How To Conduct A Literature Review: Further Instructions & Tips
This is an accompanying document to the lecture entitled
How To Conduct A Literature Review: Further Instructions & Tips
This document is to help you understand the order of the literature review assignment and what is
contained in each section as well as answer some common problems that arise if you are new to
conducting a literature review. Please use it to accompany the lecture. I use an example throughout this
document to help illustrate the points in green text.
Title – make sure your title is explicit and describes the focus of the review. Think about adding
information like the type of population you are dealing with, ages, diagnoses, etc. The title must also
include the words Literature Review. For instance: A Literature Review on the Food Preferences of Live
and Dried Foods for Adult Hedgehogs Living in Captivity.
Main text – funnel design of information. Remember to end with a summary/conclusion paragraph
pulling the main ideas together. Your review would also benefit from any limitations your find in the
research. You may include information from articles in this section that are not being used for your
chosen articles for the review for information purposes and you can cite them in your reference list,
but they do not go in your chart. For instance, see example below:
In my text: The literature suggests that hedgehogs do show preference to certain types of foods, as John
and Carey (2001) suggest that hedgehogs prefer live worms over dried worms. A study by Rose and Hart
(2009) found that out of 45 hedgehogs, over 95% showed a preference for live worms, when given a
choice between live and dried. Similar results were found by Tan and Rice (2011), and the results from
their study concluded that 98% of hedgehogs selected live worms when given a choice of live worms
and fruit.
This is how I would cite the articles in my Reference List in green:
John, A., & Carey, T. (2001). A systematic review of food presences for small animals. Journal of Animal
Feed, 8, 561-589.
•
As this is a published review, and it is not an experimental design, it does not fit in with my
selection criteria for articles for my literature review, so I do not put this in my chart. I did
include the info in my text as it was useful and helped me introduce an idea, and then I went on
to write about some studies that supported this idea that were experimental, and did meet the
selection criteria, and will be in my chart. DO NOT INCLUDE THIS TYPE OF EXPLANATION IN
YOUR REF LIST – I AM EXPLAINING HOW I SELECTED MY ARTICLES TO THE CLASS!
Rose, H., & Hart, G. (2009). A study to determine food choices by adult hedgehogs. Journal of Animal
Science, 17(4), 89-96.
•
This is one of my selected articles for my review as it met all my inclusion criteria (and was an
experimental design) and will go in my chart. DO NOT INCLUDE THIS TYPE OF EXPLANATION IN
YOUR REF LIST – I AM EXPLAINING HOW I SELECTED MY ARTICLES TO THE CLASS!
How To Conduct A Literature Review: Further Instructions & Tips
Tan, P., & Rice, C., (2011). Food comparisons; A study into hedgehog feeding. Small Animal Health
Journal, 18(33), 14-21.
•
This is one of my selected articles for my review as it met all my inclusion criteria (and was an
experimental design) and will go in my chart. DO NOT INCLUDE THIS TYPE OF EXPLANATION IN
YOUR REF LIST – I AM EXPLAINING HOW I SELECTED MY ARTICLES TO THE CLASS!
Reference List
John, A., & Carey, T. (2001). A systematic review of food presences for small animals. Journal of Animal
Feed, 8, 561-589.
Rose, H., & Hart, G. (2009). A study to determine food choices by adult hedgehogs. Journal of Animal
Science, 17(4), 89-96.
Tan, P., & Rice, C., (2011). Food comparisons; A study into hedgehog feeding. Small Animal Health
Journal, 18(33), 14-21.
Methods:
1) What databases did you use?
2) What is your inclusion criteria?
The inclusion criteria MUST include:
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Implements an experimental design
Published in peer-reviewed journal and state years you want to include in your search
POSSIBLE IDEAS for the rest of your criteria may include (depending on your chosen topic):
•
•
•
•
IV which is your intervention
Some of you may need to include a DV which is what is being measured (such as
communication, bite acceptance, swallowing, responses, mands etc.)
Ages and Diagnoses of population
Anything else that is important/relevant to YOUR topic
If you find other useful articles, you can use these for information purposes only, they can be cited in
the text, and then be referenced correctly in your reference list, but not put in your chart. See example
above.
3) Based on your inclusion criteria, what were your keywords?
4) How many articles were initially yielded? This could be hundreds or thousands.
How To Conduct A Literature Review: Further Instructions & Tips
5) One you applied your inclusion criteria, how many articles did you retain for the literature review?
6) You then performed an ancestral search on all your retained articles. How many additional articles did
you retain?
My Example ONLY – yours will differ due to your TOPIC:
Keywords: hedgehog* live food* dried food* hedgehog food* hedgehog* eat
My Inclusion Criteria Example ONLY:
•
•
•
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Must involve an experimental design
Must be published in a peer-reviewed journal between 2000-2020
Must implement a preference design between two or more foods (intervention/IV) (the
selection of foods by hedgehogs would be the DV but I don’t need to include this in my criteria
as I am only looking at selection choice interventions. You may need to include your DVs
especially if your IVs are broader)
Involves adult hedgehogs in captivity
Chart: Your chart is designed to support your text as a visual for the reader to see the quick similarities
and differences between your selected articles for your review (not the ones you can include for
information purposes).
Your chart needs to support and highlight information in your literature review. If you discussed
different interventions in your text, then you should have an IV column in your chart. If you discussed
outcomes and results in your text, then add an outcomes column in your chart. If the studies did not
discuss generalization or maintenance, do not add those columns in your chart as it makes no sense
adding columns for information that isn’t included in your literature review. You can add columns with
sentences too, it doesn’t always make sense to add Xs when 1-2 sentences would better support the
information in your review.
Understanding what to include in your methods and your chart (not simply copying my examples) will
demonstrate that you understand how to write a literature review. Everyone’s will be slightly different.
You make decisions on what to include based on YOUR topic/articles.
Please refer to the lecture entitled for ideas on how to design a chart and what you can include. Fluid
process!
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