Description
I will be attaching the PDF file that contains the lab and the information for it. Please make sure you read it very carefully and please double check that your grammar and punctuation is correct. Also make sure you pay attention to your sentence structure and spelling. Please make sure the whole assignment is neat and organized. If you have any questions please reach out to me. Thank you so so much.For the second part, once you’re finish with the lab, please answer the following questions that will be attached. Thank you so much.
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Please answer the following questions after completing the lab.
1. Discuss the factors that influence the changes in magnetic field strength at various points
along a fixed radial distance from a long current carrying wire in experiment 1.
2. You also learned how to generate a magnetic field due to current through a long straight
conducting wire in experiment 2.
(a) Explore and discuss various practical scenarios where the magnetic field induced by
current carrying conducting wire (any orientation) is essential.
(b) In what ways do these applications rely on the intensity and orientation of the
magnetic field?
NOL PHY 202
Lab – Magnetic Field Due to Current in a Wire
(40 total points)
Name: ______________
Before starting, please scroll through the worksheet to check the page numbers and get
all the information. Complete all activities before submitting the lab.
Goal:
●
Learn how the magnetic field due to a current-carrying wires varies with distance
away from the wire.
Type your answers directly into this document. Please highlight everything you type into this
report or any modifications you make in the document. There are no exceptions to this. Highlight
what you did so that your instructor can easily find your answers.
This lab uses the Magnetic Field from a Wire virtual lab provided by The Physics Aviary.
In this lab you will be making a spreadsheet in Microsoft Excel. Make sure to save this
file and submit it with your report.
Background:
Hans Ørsted accidentally discovered the fact that electric currents create magnetic fields when
he was working with an electric circuit and noticed that, when current was flowing in the circuit,
the need of a compass on his desk would deflect. Thus began the investigation of the nature of
magnetic fields produced by currents.
Instructions:
Open the web page listed at the top of this lab. Click “Begin”. When you do, you will see a
screen that has a long gray wire with small blue circles moving to the right (representing the flow
of charge). There are many concentric circles around the wire, representing the magnetic field
produced by the wire. A small black bar sticking out from the top left represents a magnetic field
sensor. The “+” sign at the right side of the black bar is the point on the sensor where it takes
data.
Experiment 1: Dependence of Horizontal Position
1. Open Microsoft Excel and get a spread sheet ready to enter your data.
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NOL PHY 202
2. Click “Location of Field Sensor”. Doing so opens a tab that has four arrows: up, down,
left, and right. Clicking these arrows allows you to move the sensor around.
3. Click “Field Strength” in the top right of the panel. This gives the strength of the
magnetic field in microTesla (μT).
For all measurements in this lab, we are interested in only the magnitude. Ignore
any negative signs and only record positive values.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
a. Make sure you measure the field strength in Tesla, not microTesla. So, if the
measured strength is “5.1 ”, your measured value should be “0.0000051 ”.
b. The magnetic field strength values may fluctuate at a given point. In real life,
when measuring values with something like a magnetic field strength sensor, the
measured value may fluctuate. For our purposes here, look at the digit to the
right of the decimal point and round to the average value of that digit. For
example, if you see values such as 12.41 , then 12.32 , then 12.53 ,
round to 12.4 , then convert to Tesla.
Move the field sensor all the way to the left and leave its vertical position unchanged.
In your spreadsheet, make two columns:
a. Column 1 is “Horizontal Position”
b. Column 2 is “Field strength”
Set the initial position of the horizontal position to be 0.005m and take the measured
field strength at the position.
Move the field sensor to the right (you may assume each step is 0.005m) and note the
field strength for each position. You should make 17 steps for a total of 18 different
horizontal positions. Each of these positions will have a measured field strength.
Paste a screenshot of your data table with the two columns.
9. Use Excel to graph your data of Field strength vs. horizontal position, using a scatter
plot.
10. What do you notice about the trend in your graph? What does this imply about the
dependence of field strength on horizontal position near a long wire carrying current?
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NOL PHY 202
Experiment 2: Dependence on radial position
11. Move the sensor to the farthest right position, then down as close as possible to the
wire. You may assume that this position is 0.01m from the wire vertically.
12. Create a second set of two columns on your spreadsheet:
a. Column 1 is “Radial Distance”
b. Column 2 is “Field Strength”
13. Note the position and field strength for this initial position in your spreadsheet.
14. Move the sensor one space up away from the wire (you may assume that the step size
is 0.005m). Note the field strength. You should be able to measure the strength of 15
total positions, including the initial position.
15. Paste a screenshot of your data table with the two columns.
16. Use Excel to graph your data of Field strength vs. radial position, making sure you
create a complete graph (axis labeled, axis units, title, etc.). Use a scatter plot so that
just the data points are plotted. Paste a screenshot of your graph.
17. What do you notice about the trend in your graph? What does this imply about the
dependence of field strength on radial distance near a long wire carrying current?
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NOL PHY 202
Linearizing your data
As you can probably see, the graph of your data from experiment 2 does not fall on a straight
line. Inspection of the shape of the graph shows that your data fall on a 1/x dependence. In
order to linearize your data, do the following steps:
18. Copy your position data in meters into a new column.
19. Make a second column next to this where each value is the reciprocal of the position in
the first column. For example, if your position value is 0.04m, the reciprocal value will be
1/0.04 = 25
20. Once you have completed this second column of reciprocals, copy your original field
strength values into a third column to the right of this one. This means that the field
strength value is next to the reciprocal of the original position as opposed to being next
to the original position.
21. Paste a screenshot of these two new columns of data.
22. Use Excel to graph your field strength versus the reciprocal position data, making sure
you create a complete graph (axis labeled, axis units, title, etc.). Use a scatter plot so
that just the data points are plotted.
23. Add a trendline (or best-fit line) to your graph. Display the equation of the trend line. The
trendline will have a format “ = + ”, where “ ” is the slope of the trendline.
24. Paste a screenshot of this graph with the trendline equation shown.
25. The equation of for the magnetic field strength due to a current in a wire is given by
=
0
2
where is the field strength in Tesla, is the current in Amperes, and is the radial
distance from the wire in meters.
26. Compare this equation to the format of a line ( = + ) to show what the slope and
y-intercept of the graph you made should be in terms of the quantities in this magnetic
field formula. Your answer should be in symbolic form and not be using any of your
data. Explain what you are doing.
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NOL PHY 202
27. Use the expression you found for the slope in #26 along with the numerical value for the
slope from your graph to calculate the current in the wire.
28. Go back to the simulation and click on “current” in the bottom right corner. Paste a
screenshot of this current.
29. Calculate the percent difference between your value and the value used in the
simulation.
Experiment 3: Dependence on current
30. Place the sensor all the way to the right and 8 steps above the wire (corresponding to a
position of 5 = 0.05 away from the wire.
31. If you cannot already see the value of the current, click on “current” in the bottom right
corner to display the current. Click the down arrow until the current is 0.0 . Your sensor
should read a field strength of 0 .
32. Use the up arrow to increase the current by one step. Record the current and field
strength in your spreadsheet.
33. Continue until you have maximized the current. There should be 9 total values above
0.0A. Paste a screenshot of these two columns of data.
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NOL PHY 202
34. Once again, use Excel to make a graph of the field strength vs. current data. Use a
scatter plot so that just the data points are plotted. Paste a screenshot of the graph.
35. What is the shape of the graph? What does indicate how the magnetic field depends on
the current at a given position.
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