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Please complete the review attached For number 36…I attached the textbook page it needs for guidance
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West Coast Ultrasound Institute
Diagnostic Medical Sonography
DMS-Vascular
Name ___________________
Outline for exam #2
1.
Define the mechanisms of vascular disease, and also state which
are controllable and which are not controllable.
a) Diabetes –
b) Smoking –
c) Hypertension –
d) Hyperlipidemia –
e) Aging –
f) Family History –
g) Male gender –
h) Atherosclerosis –
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2.
What are the different types of plaque, and define each one.
A) ____________________
B) ____________________
C) _________________
D) _________________
E) _________________
F) _________________
G) ________________
2|Page
3.
Define the following.
A) Echogenic
B) Anechoic
C) Hypoechoic
D) Hyperechoic
4.
Define the following.
A) Stenosis
B) Thrombosis
C) Embolism
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D) Aneurysm
E) Dissection
F) Kinking and tortuosity
G) Fibromuscular Dysplasia
H) Carotid Body Tumor
I) Pseudoaneurysm
J) Arteritis
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K) Subclavian Seal Syndrome
L) CVA (Stroke)
8.
Which type of transient ischemia lasts at least 24 hours and less than 72 hours?
The patient returns to normal. __________________
9.
Which type of transient ischemia does not exceed 24 hours? The patient
returns to normal. _________________
10.
List the symptoms of TIA and RIND and define each one.
A) _____________________ B) _____________________ –
C)
_____________________ D) _____________________ –
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11.
What does VBI stand for? ___________________________
12.
Which circulation is being disturbed in the case of VBI? _________________
13.
Symptoms are usually found unilaterally or bilaterally?
__________________
14.
List the symptoms of VBI and define them.
A) _________________ B) _________________ C) _________________ –
D) _________________ –
E) _________________ –
15.
What does CVA stand for?___________________________
16.
A) what is a Complete Stroke?
B) What is a Stroke in evolution?
17.
There are many risk factors that can lead to a stroke. Which are the top 6 and
say why they are risk factors; how do they lead to a stroke?
18.
What are the symptoms associated with anterior circulation obstruction?
19.
Are the effects found unilaterally or bilaterally? ______________
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20.
What are the symptoms associated with posterior circulation obstruction?
21.
Are the effects found unilaterally or bilaterally? ______________
22.
Define the Continuous Wave Doppler (CWD) exam.
23.
What are the results when interrogating the following vessels by the CWD?
A) ICA –
B) ECA –
C) Vertebral arteries –
D) CCA –
24.
Define spectral broadening both pathologically and physiologically as in with
CWD.
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25.
What is Transcranial Doppler (TCD), and what types of probes are used?
26.
What are the four windows for performing TCD?
27.
Define the following vessels.
A) MCA –
B) ACA –
C) PCA –
D) distal ICA
E) VA
F) BA
G) OA
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H) ICA or carotid siphon
28.
What are the 5 parameters vital to identify specific vessels?
29.
What are the findings of a TCD exam?
30.
Define the duplex exam of the CCA.
31.
Define the Gray scale imaging in duplex exam of the CCA
32.
Define the color Doppler in duplex exam of the CCA
33.
Define the PWD in duplex exam of the CCA
34.
What is the method and protocol of performing a Duplex exam of the CCA?
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35.
What are the normal and abnormal results of a duplex exam of the CCA?
36.
Fill in the blank, table 11 page 89 of textbook.
Degree of
Stenosis
ICA PSV (cm/s)
Plaque
estimate %
ICA/CCA Ratio
ICA EDV cm/s
Normal
50
50-69
＞70, not near
occlusion
Near occlusion
Total occlusion
52. How many crystals does pulse wave have? ____________________
53. How many cycles per pulse in a pulse wave system?______________
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54. What is another name for gray scale imaging? _____________________
55. With Pulse wave Doppler we have the ability to change the location of blood flow
evaluation, what is this ability called?
56. What is aliasing and how do we correct for it?
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