Description
By now, you should have read Chapter 1 and Chapter 2, as well as watched the Ted Talks video, Six Reasons Why Research is Cool, accessed at https://youtu.be/1b3iteSyg1I. For this assignment, I want you to:Reflect on the chapter readings and the video.Write a reflection paper on your thoughts about what you have learned so far. Is this primarily new content for you? Explain your answer.What intrigues you the most so far?What is your reaction to the video? Do you agree or not that research is cool? Explain your answer.Your Reflection Paper should prepared as a Microsoft Word document, minimum of 2 pages, double-spaced, 12 point font (either Arial, Calibri, or Times New Roman). This assignment is worth 20 points. Your grade will be determined by quality of content, quality of writing (proper punctuation, spelling, and grammar), adherence to format instructions, and timeliness of submission.Be sure to review the Reflection Paper rubric prior to beginning the assignment.
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Chapter 1
Research as an Important Way
of Knowing
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What Is Research?
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Multiple Systematic Strategies
• Systematic refers to specific ways
identifying a topic and proceeding to
narrow it to a question or query and obtain
the answers.
• Claims are supported with evidence that is
generated with acceptable methods.
• Three traditions: experimental type,
naturalistic, and mixed methods
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Experimental-Type
• examine and characterize what is typical
about one or more groups;
• referred to as nomothetic
• based on logico-deductive philosophical
framework
• primarily theory testing
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Naturalistic
• tends to be idiographic;
• Based on multiple pluralistic philosophical
frameworks
• focuses on specific phenomena in context
• seeks to highlight the complexity of these
phenomena
• Primarily theory generating but can be used to
test theory or identify the best fit of theory
and data
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Mixed methods
• anchored in philosophical pragmatism
• methods are selected on the basis of their use
and application
• big data are classified as mixed methods
because they are purposive and involve
multiple logic structures and techniques
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Research as Thinking and Action
Processes
• Logical thinking
➢Deductive-Experimental Type
➢Inductive and abductive-Naturalistic
➢All three may be used in Mixed Methods
• Action processes
➢Strategies to obtain, analyze, interpret, and
apply knowledge
➢Tradition dependent
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Logical
• Thinking and action processes of a research
study are:
➢ clear
➢ rational
➢ conform to accepted norms of deductive, inductive,
or abductive reasoning depending on the tradition
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Logic structures
• Deductive: involves moving from a general
principle to understanding a specific case. On
the basis of a theory and its propositions,
hypotheses are derived and then formally
tested
• Inductive and abductive: move from specific
cases to a broader generalization about the
phenomenon under study or attempt to fit
data to theory
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Understandable
Process and outcomes should be:
• Explicit
• Clear
• Sensible, precise, intelligible
• Credible to the reader or research consumer
• If you cannot understand the research
process, it cannot be used, confirmed, or
replicated.
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Confirmable
• Clearly and logically identified strategies
used in the study so that others can
reasonably follow the path of analysis and
arrive at similar outcomes and
conclusions.
• The claims made by the researcher should
be supported by the evidence and
research strategy and should not exceed
the capacity of the design.
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Useful
• Research should inform and potentially
improve action, professional practice, and
conditions for all humans.
Otherwise, why do it ?
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What Research Is Not
• Research cannot tell us what is true or
correct.
• Research cannot prove a point of view.
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When and Why Is Research
Necessary and Useful?
• To systematically answer professional
questions
• To guide professional decision making
• To continue to develop a professional body
of knowledge
• To guide innovation
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Chapter 2
Essentials of Research
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Ten Essentials
•
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Identify a Philosophical Foundation.
Frame a Research Problem.
Determine Supporting Knowledge.
Identify a Theory Base and Evaluate Its
Adequacy.
Develop a Specific Question or Query.
Select a Design Strategy.
Set Study Boundaries.
Obtain Information.
Analyze Information and Draw Conclusions.
Share and Use Research Knowledge.
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Principles
• All should appear in all research studies.
• The order depends on the selection of
research tradition and design.
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Essentials in Naturalistic Inquiry
• Each essential is related to the other and
revisited at different points throughout the
research process.
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Essentials in Experimental-Type
Research
• Hierarchical sequence and approach tend
to follow the 10 essentials in a precise,
ordered, and highly structured manner.
• Each essential purposely builds on the
other in a linear, systematic, and stepwise
manner.
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Essentials in Mixed Methods
• Sequence depends upon the way in which
the different research traditions and
methods are integrated in the particular
study.
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Identifying a Philosophical
Foundation
• Distinguish a preferred view of how a
person can come to know about human
behavior, health, and personal abilities and
experiences, or other phenomena of
importance to human experience.
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Framing a Research Problem
• The identification of the problem area and
the specific purpose for your research.
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Determine and Evaluate
Supporting Knowledge
• Conducting a critical review of existing theory and
research that concerns your topic or area of
inquiry.
• Contemporary knowledge is disseminated in many
forms and thus you should access and evaluate
the efficacy of knowledge contained in multiple
resources
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Identify a Theory Base and
Evaluate Its Adequacy
• Find literature that provides principles
and/or abstracts to support and guide your
inquiry.
• Examine the extent to which existing
theory resonates with the purpose, values,
and philosophical foundation of your
intended work.
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Develop a Specific Question
or Query
• Once a problem area is identified, the
researcher specifies a particular research
direction.
➢ A highly specified question that details the exact
factors and the characteristics or phenomena that will
be examined (experimental-type design)
– or
➢ A broad working question, or query, that initially
identifies the “who, what, and where” of the
boundaries of the study, but nothing further
(naturalistic inquiry)
– or
➢ Diverse structures (mixed methods)
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Select a Design Strategy
• Based on one’s philosophical position,
research purpose, theory, and specific
research question or query, the researcher
selects an action process.
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Obtain Information
• A researcher can choose from a wide
variety of techniques for obtaining
information or data.
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Analyze Information and Draw
Conclusions
• A series of planned activities that differ
depending on the specific research tradition
in which one works
➢Experimental-type researchers reduce numerical
data into meaningful and manageable indicators
once all the data have been collected and are
used to answer the initial research question that
was posed.
➢In naturalistic inquiry, the analytical task is
ongoing, occurs throughout the study, and is used
to inform field decisions.
➢ Mixed method investigators select purposively.
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Share and Use Research
Knowledge
• Completes the research process.
• Reporting conclusions involves preparing
a report and disseminating the knowledge
gained from the research.
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