Description
As you saw from the lab PowerPoint slides last week, you will be doing a research study looking at “Psychological Reactance Theory”, or PRT for your first paper. For this week’s discussion, I want you to discuss with your group what you think this study is about. There are five components to this discussion:1). What is (are) the hypothesis? You can either give me the “gist” of the study here or copy them from the researcher instructions for Study One.2). Do you agree with the predictions? That is, do you expect something different than the hypothesis in the researcher instructions? If yes, what and why? If no, justify why you think the predictions are inaccurate)?3). Do you think this is a good, testable hypothesis (If no, what would be a better, more “testable” phrasing for the hypotheses)?4). Do you see any ethical problems with this study? If so, how should you deal with those problems? 5). Finally, with your discussion group, assess your project, noting one thing different you would do if you had the chance to design a similar study on your own (Hint: You’ll get the chance to build a follow-up study to this Psychological Reactance Theory study in a few weeks, so think about what you would do different right now and you may get the chance to follow through with that new study later in the semester!).
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Lab Presentation
Week 1 Lab
Introduction to the Lab
Welcome to Your Research Lab
1
Welcome to your lab presentation! These lab presentations will
give you a hands-on approach to setting up, running, collecting,
and analyzing data (via SPSS) for your class research project. We
will take a step-by-step approach in these lab slides and learn how
to do research along the way!
A quick note: If you are taking methods live / hybrid on campus,
your lab instructor MAY NOT go over these materials. But they are
here for you anyway and useful! If you are an online student, pay
close attention!
Welcome to Your Research Lab
2
Let me repeat that for In-Person or Hybrid Methods II Students …
Your lab instructor will go over a lot of this material when you
get to your labs, but they may not go over the lab presentations
in their entirety. I am including these lab slides for you in
Canvas for you to look over on your own
The lab presentations will walk you through your study design,
including the predictions, the analysis, and SPSS
My recommendation is to read these on your own before lab
(and maybe even after) to help reinforce some of the concepts
that you are learning about in the lab session. It makes a good
lab content reminder, too (I know the lab sessions go quickly!)
Welcome to Your Research Lab
3
For Fully Online Methods II Students …
These lab presentations will walk you through your study
design, including the predictions, the analysis, and SPSS
My recommendation is to read very early in the week as they
will help you with papers, assignments, and activities that may
be due at the end of the week
Test Your Understanding
1
Like the lecture powerpoint presentations (which include several
“Pop Quiz” questions), I am going to sprinkle several “Test Your
Understanding” slides within these lab presentations.
Unlike the “Pop Quiz” questions, these “Test Your Understanding”
questions are purely practice for you. I’ll give you a multiple-choice
question slide with question-and-answer options. On the very next
slide, I’ll give you the correct answer. If you are incorrect, make
sure to go back and review the information so you know why it
was incorrect. If you are correct, great!
Welcome to Your Research Lab
4
In this first lab presentation, we will look at the following …
Part One: Your First Task In This Course
Part Two: Your First Experimental Papers
Part Three: An Eye Toward The Future
Part One
Your First Task In This Course
7
Your First Task in This Course
1
In this course, you will carry out two studies. In the first study, you
are going to see if participants alter their responses to a series of
questions based on a manipulation that we will present to them
I want you to be a part of that first study right now. It takes
about 5 to 10 minutes.
Are you ready to begin?
– Let me first give you the study instructions (which are the
same instructions that YOU will give to participants when
YOU collect data for study one)
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Your First Task in This Course
2
“Hello, I am conducting a study for my research methods class. I
was wondering if you would be willing to participate. The study
takes about five to ten minutes. There are no risks to participating,
and the main benefit is that I can complete my class assignment.
Will you participate?”
Yes
No
If yes, move on to the survey and look over several sections …
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Your First Task in This Course
3
Study Instructions
Part A: Proposed FIU Artificial Intelligence Policy
Part B: Your Thoughts / Feelings About the AI Policy
Part C: Your Likelihood to Follow the AI Policy
Part D: Demographic Information
Let’s look over these parts, which are presented on the next few
slides (though you can also find a hard copy of the survey and
researcher instruction materials in Canvas)…
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Your First Task in This Course
4
Study Instructions
Thank you for participating in our study. We are looking at your
perceptions of the new Artificial Intelligence (AI) policy that
Florida International University is considering adopting in the Fall
of 2024. Please read over the AI policy below and then complete
the survey that follows.
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Your First Task in This Course
7
Part A: FIU Generative Artificial Intelligence Policy (e.g. Chat GPT)
At Florida international University (FIU), we believe that writing is
integral to thinking. We also know that writing is hard. Recent
technological advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) like Chat GPT
are useful tools that can help students improve both their writing
and stimulate their thinking. However, AI must NEVER serve as a
substitute for either skill.
12
Your First Task in This Course
7a
Part A: FIU Generative Artificial Intelligence Policy (e.g. Chat GPT)
Think about the help you get from AI as a less sophisticated version
of the assistance that you can receive (for free!) from the FIU
Center for Excellence in Writing. An FIU writing tutor might help you
in a wide variety of ways, like asking you questions to help jump
start your imagination, or steering you away from poor grammar, or
helping you to identify a poorly organized paragraph. While a tutor
can be helpful, they must not do your writing for you! The help you
get from AI is similar, though there are key differences.
13
Your First Task in This Course
7b
Part A: FIU Generative Artificial Intelligence Policy (e.g. Chat GPT)
AI is not a person. It is a machine that is adept at recognizing
patterns and reflecting those patterns back at you. It will not think
for itself, and it must not think for you. It often makes mistakes,
sometimes even inventing facts or providing a biased interpretation
of reality. Given both the benefits and problems associated with AI,
the FIU faculty must be sure that you know when using AI is
permitted versus prohibited.
14
Your First Task in This Course
7c
Part A: FIU Generative Artificial Intelligence Policy (e.g. Chat GPT)
Permitted uses of AI (AI is allowed ONLY for the following items)
AI is permitted for checking spelling, grammar, or providing synonyms
(similar to the support you can receive when using Grammarly or Microsoft
Word).
AI is permitted for rephrasing sentences or reorganizing paragraphs that
you have drafted yourself.
AI is permitted for tweaking outlines or paper content that you have
personally written.
AI is permitted to help you brainstorm ideas for your writing project.
15
Your First Task in This Course
7d
Part A: FIU Generative Artificial Intelligence Policy (e.g. Chat GPT)
Prohibited uses of AI (AI is NEVER allowed for the following items)
AI is prohibited when it is uncited (Since it is not your idea, using it is
plagiarism).
AI is prohibited for use on assessments (quizzes, tests, examinations, etc.)
AI is prohibited for paper content that should be original to you.
AI is prohibited if it violates copyright or intellectual property laws.
16
Your First Task in This Course
7e
Part A: FIU Generative Artificial Intelligence Policy (e.g. Chat GPT)
Evidence of prohibited AI use will result in an Academic Integrity
report, with sanctions ranging from a zero for the assignment to an
F for the course. At FIU, our goal is to train you how to write and
think, and strict adherence to these AI policies will accomplish those
goals.
17
Your First Task in This Course
9
Part B: Your Thoughts and Feelings About the Proposed AI Policy
Please rate your thoughts and feelings about the proposed AI policy
by selecting the extent to which you agree with the following
statements (1 = Strongly Disagree to 7 = Strongly Agree).
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Your First Task in This Course
9f
Part B: Your Thoughts and Feelings About the Proposed AI Policy
Please rate your thoughts and feelings about the proposed AI policy
by selecting the extent to which you agree with the following
statements (1 = Strongly Disagree to 7 = Strongly Agree).
19
Your First Task in This Course
9a
Part C: Your Likelihood to Follow the Proposed AI Policy
Please rate your intentions about following the proposed AI Policy by
selecting the extent to which you agree with the following statements
(1 = Strongly Disagree to 7 = Strongly Agree).
20
Your First Task in This Course
12
Part D: Demographic Information
1). What is your gender?
2). What is your age?
3). What is your race / ethnicity?
4). Is English your first language?
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Your First Task in This Course
13
Part D: Demographic Information (Continued)
5. The AI policy noted that there are times when students should
not use AI, but what specific term or language did the AI policy use
when making this request (Select one)?:
___ Using AI is “inappropriate”
___ Using AI is “discouraged”
___ Using AI is “prohibited”
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Your First Task in This Course
14
Finished! Ok, there are a few things I want to focus on
First, think about the AI policy. In your opinion, did it …
– give you too little freedom to decide how to use AI yourself?
– threaten your freedom to choose how to do assignments?
– make you angry?
– use language that seemed demanding / bossy?
Second, what about your policy intentions? Would you …
– use AI even in situations where the policy disallowed it?
– ignore the policy?
– use AI when you deemed it necessary?
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Your First Task in This Course
15
Finished! Ok, there are a few things I want to focus on
I am predicting that you thought the AI policy was bossy and a
threat to your freedom to make your own decisions
If you felt this way, then my study manipulation is at least partly
successful!
However, there are other study conditions with other versions
of the AI policy. Let’s consider another version – Read it over
and think about how it differs from the prior version …
24
Your First Task in This Course
7g
Part A: FIU Generative Artificial Intelligence Policy (e.g. Chat GPT)
At Florida international University (FIU), we believe that writing is
integral to thinking. We also know that writing is hard. Recent
technological advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) like Chat GPT
provide useful tools that can help students improve both their
writing and stimulate their thinking. However, AI is a poor substitute
for learning these skills.
25
Your First Task in This Course
7h
Part A: FIU Generative Artificial Intelligence Policy (e.g. Chat GPT)
Think about the help you get from AI as a less sophisticated version
of the assistance that you can receive (for free!) from the FIU
Center for Excellence in Writing. An FIU writing tutor might help you
in a wide variety of ways, like asking you questions to help jump
start your imagination, or steering you away from poor grammar, or
helping you to identify a poorly organized paragraph. While a tutor
can be helpful, they let you do your own writing! The help you get
from AI is similar, though there are key differences.
26
Your First Task in This Course
7i
Part A: FIU Generative Artificial Intelligence Policy (e.g. Chat GPT)
AI is not a person. It is a machine that is adept at recognizing
patterns and reflecting those patterns back at you. Since it cannot
think for itself, you should probably avoid letting it think for you. It
often makes mistakes, sometimes even inventing facts or providing
a biased interpretation of reality. Given both the benefits and
problems associated with AI, the FIU faculty want to help you
understand when using AI is encouraged versus discouraged.
27
Your First Task in This Course
7j
Part A: FIU Generative Artificial Intelligence Policy (e.g. Chat GPT)
Encouraged uses of AI (AI is encouraged for the following items)
AI is encouraged for checking spelling, grammar, or providing synonyms
(similar to the support you can receive when using Grammarly or Microsoft
Word).
AI is encouraged for rephrasing sentences or reorganizing paragraphs that
you have drafted yourself.
AI is encouraged for tweaking outlines or paper content that you have
personally written.
AI is encouraged to help you brainstorm ideas for your writing project.
28
Your First Task in This Course
7k
Part A: FIU Generative Artificial Intelligence Policy (e.g. Chat GPT)
Discouraged uses of AI (AI is discouraged for the following items)
AI is discouraged when it is uncited (Since it is not your idea, it may
be plagiarism).
AI is discouraged for use on assessments (quizzes, tests,
examinations, etc.)
AI is discouraged for paper content that should be original to you.
AI is discouraged if it violates copyright or intellectual property laws.
29
Your First Task in This Course
7l
Part A: FIU Generative Artificial Intelligence Policy (e.g. Chat GPT)
Evidence of discouraged AI use might result in an Academic
Integrity report, with sanctions ranging from a zero for the
assignment to an F for the course. At FIU, our goal is to train you
how to write and think, and we hope that you choose to follow these
AI policies and help us accomplish those goals.
30
Your First Task in This Course
16
Your probably saw the latter version of the AI policy as much more
reasonable and less of a threat to your freedom than the first one!
Well, this semester, we are looking at the idea of reactance.
Reactance (or “Psychological Reactance Theory”) focuses on
the idea that people are motivated to protect or restore their
sense of freedom when someone threatens that freedom.
For example, if someone tells you to not to do something, you
may do it to spite their command! If someone tells you not to
sign a petition, you might do so to reclaim your lost freedom
We are going to study reactance ourselves this semester! But let’s
go back to our original survey …
31
This is the first page of the
survey. You can find this
document in Canvas under
Short Lab Assignment #4. It
is named the “Main
Questionnaire”
The instructions introduce
the study, noting that we
want participants to read an
AI policy and then answer
questions about it
32
In the prior slides, I first
asked you to read the policy.
I also told you that the policy
tended to be high-controlling,
harsh, and threaten the
reader’s freedom (with highcontrolling language
highlighted with red text in
this screenshot)
But what if we swap out the
“controlling” language with
more “freeing” language?
33
I know the text here is small,
but you can read the fullpage version of this “lowcontrolling language” policy
in Canvas (differences are
highlighted in blue text in this
screenshot)
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Your First Task in This Course
17
There are actually three versions of the “proposed” AI policy. You
just saw two versions (a high-controlling language version and a
low-controlling language version), but a third uses more neutral
language.
Our study will focus on how participants perceive the policy given
the language differences between them. Specifically, we want to
measure participants’ anger about the policy, their perceptions of
how controlling it seems, and their intentions to follow the policy.
We will do so my focusing on Psychological Reactance Theory.
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Your First Task in This Course
21
Psychological Reactance Theory (or “Reactance” for short)
While research on reactance is long and detailed (dating back
to the 1950s!), our study updates it by looking at the reactance
regarding potential Artificial Intelligence (AI) policies, which are
hot-button topics in the 2024 academic landscape!
While all participants will read the same basic AI policy, we are
altering the tone of the policy across three conditions so that
the policy language is “high-controlling” (which should produce
high levels of reactance), “low-controlling”, or “neutral”.
Your First Task in This Course
21w
Reactance
Subsequent study “Parts” in the questionnaire focus on
assessing participant thoughts and feelings about the policy
(Part B) and their intention to follow the policy (Part C). The
survey ends with demographic characteristics (Part D).
Across all three conditions, there is something important I want
you to recognize …
Your First Task in This Course
27
Your three surveys
IMPORTANT: All questions in the three surveys are identical.
In fact, the ONLY difference across the three surveys is the
language in the policy. ALL other information in the surveys is
identical
Why is this important? In research, we want a lot of control
over our materials so that the ONLY thing that differs is what
we manipulated. Thus, in our study, everything is identical
across the three surveys EXCEPT the policy language (highcontrolling, Low-controlling, or Neutral)
38
Let’s Discuss Your Study
Throughout the rest of this section, I want to focus on YOUR role
as a researcher as well as your performance to the questions in
the survey you just completed. Here, we will cover:
A. You Are The Researcher
B. Think About Your Performance
– Independent Variable
– Dependent Variables
– Hypotheses
39
You Are The Researcher
1
A. You Are The Researcher: Finding Your Surveys
First, find your surveys in your “Short Lab Assignments” folder
under Assignment #4: Study One Materials
They might also be with your “Papers” folder under Paper II:
Study One Methods, Results and Discussion (I like to doubleup on the locations, but they are the same documents). Look
for them under the name “Study One Materials”
40
You Are The Researcher
2
A. You Are The Researcher: Finding Your Surveys
When you open the Study One Materials folder, you will see
five documents. Three are “Main Questionnaires”, a fourth is
“Researcher Instructions”, and the fifth is for Assignment #4
My suggestion is that you read the “Researcher Instructions”
document RIGHT NOW. It will make the slides to come easier
to understand. I also suggest that you look over the three main
questionnaires after reading the researcher instructions. The
fifth document tells you what is due for Assignment #4
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You Are The Researcher
3
A. You Are The Researcher: Finding Your Surveys
I want you to collect data from three different participants. That
is, print out all three versions of the main questionnaire and
then find one person to complete each
– These must be three DIFFERENT people. Each participant
only reads and completes one version of the survey
– If possible, do not use family or friends of yours (you will use
family and friends for a follow-up study later in the semester,
so you don’t want to use them up for this first study!)
However, if you are concerned about Covid 19 …
42
You Are The Researcher
4
A. You Are The Researcher: Finding Your Surveys
I want you to collect data from three different participants. That
is, print out all three versions of the main questionnaire and
then find one person to complete each
– Covid 19 Data Collection Alternative
With the Coronavirus pandemic still going, you might be
uncomfortable collecting data from participants inperson. Although this study works best with participants
completing the survey materials in-person, there is a set
of “Covid Alternative” surveys in Canvas with pre-filled in
data. Print those and pretend you collected data
43
You Are The Researcher
5
A. You Are The Researcher: Finding Your Surveys
I want you to collect data from three different participants. That
is, print out all three versions of the main questionnaire and
then find one person to complete each
– In a future week (around week four) you will upload an
SPSS file for Assignment #4 that contains the data for your
three participants.
– We will discuss this later, but you can see the instructions
for what is due for Assignment #4 in that same folder in the
“What is due” Assignment #4 document.
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You Are The Researcher
6
A. You Are The Researcher: Finding Your Surveys
You’ve read the researcher instructions, right? Right? Good.
– As you now know, our study is looking at reactance. There
is a lot of research on reactance, but you might also see
terms like “Psychological Reactance Theory”, “autonomy
supportive language”, “freedom threats”, etc.
– There are interesting applications of reactance that you may
find in the literature, especially in marketing and social
media!
45
Think About Your Performance
1
B. Think About Your Performance – Independent Variable (IV)
Let’s talk about “reactance” from a methodology perspective
Again, the three versions of the questionnaire represent our
one independent variable (i.e. the IV, or the variable that the
researcher controls). This single IV has three levels …
1: High-controlling language or HC (I’ll write this in red)
2: Low-controlling language or LC (I’ll write this in blue)
3: Neutral language or LC that is basically informational
and neither encouraging nor discouraging (look for green!)
46
Think About Your Performance
2
B. Think About Your Performance – Independent Variable (IV)
Let’s talk about “reactance” from a methodology perspective
Again, the three versions of the questionnaire represent our
one independent variable (i.e. the IV, or the variable that the
researcher controls). This single IV has three levels …
Note: I do not expect many differences between the Lowcontrolling language and neutral language conditions since
neither harshly restrict freedom. But I admit this is a guess.
We are including both conditions in our study to see if the
two groups produce similar results!
47
Test Your Understanding
2
Imagine you conduct a study where people are randomly assigned
to solve math problems that appear in one of four colors (red, blue,
green, or black). The researchers predict that those who get the
red color will solve fewer math problems than those who get blue,
green, or black ink. How many independent variables do you have
in this study?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
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Test Your Understanding
3
Imagine you conduct a study where people are randomly assigned
to solve math problems that appear in one of four colors (red, blue,
green, or black). The researchers predict that those who get the
red color will solve fewer math problems than those who get blue,
green, or black ink. How many independent variables do you have
in this study?
Keep in mind that a single IV can have multiple
A. One
levels. Here, we have one independent variable
B. Two
(condition) that happens to have four levels to it
C. Three (red, blue, green, and black). Still, it is only ONE
independent variable. Your study has ONE IV as
D. Four
well. It just happens to have three levels. That is …
49
Test Your Understanding
4
Imagine you conduct a study where people are randomly assigned
to solve math problems that appear in one of four colors (red, blue,
green, or black). The researchers predict that those who get the
red color will solve fewer math problems than those who get blue,
green, or black ink. How many independent variables do you have
in this study?
A. One
Your Reactance study has one independent
B. Two
variable with three levels (High-controlling, LowC. Three
controlling, or Neutral language). Again, we have
ONE independent variable with three levels
D. Four
50
Think About Your Performance
3
B. Think About Your Performance – Dependent Variable (DV)
A dependent variable “depends” on the study manipulation.
That is, DVs are the participant response(s), which depend on
the IV. In our study, we have a lot of dependent variables!
– There are 10 DVs in Part B (policy thoughts and feelings), 4
in Part C (intention to follow the policy), and 5 in Part D
(Demographics), or 19 DVs total
– Yup, 19 is a lot of DVs! The good news is we won’t analyze
all 19 DVs. In fact, there are only a few I want you to pay
attention to (while we will ignore others). But let’s look at
them again quickly …
51
Your First Task in This Course
9o
B. Think About Your Performance – Dependent Variable (DV)
Part B: Your Thoughts and Feelings About the Proposed AI Policy
Please rate your thoughts and feelings about the proposed AI policy
by selecting the extent to which you agree with the following
statements (1 = Strongly Disagree to 7 = Strongly Agree).
52
Your First Task in This Course
9p
B. Think About Your Performance – Dependent Variable (DV)
Part B: Your Thoughts and Feelings About the Proposed AI Policy
Please rate your thoughts and feelings about the proposed AI policy
by selecting the extent to which you agree with the following
statements (1 = Strongly Disagree to 7 = Strongly Agree).
53
Your First Task in This Course
9aq
B. Think About Your Performance – Dependent Variable (DV)
Part C: Your Likelihood to Follow the Proposed AI Policy
Please rate your intentions about following the proposed AI Policy by
selecting the extent to which you agree with the following statements
(1 = Strongly Disagree to 7 = Strongly Agree).
54
Think About Your Performance
6c
B. Think About Your Performance – Dependent Variable (DV)
Each of the statements in Parts B and C use an interval scale
ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree).
What this means is that we can focus on the mean (or average)
score for each statement and compare that mean score across
the three conditions with an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
Our hope is that the mean score in one condition will differ
significantly from the mean score of other conditions.
55
Think About Your Performance
9
B. Think About Your Performance – Dependent Variable (DV)
Now think about Part D (demographics). Here we will analyze
demographic information, including the participant gender, age,
and race / ethnicity.
– We will run “descriptive statistics” on these demographic
questions, finding the mean age and the frequencies for
gender and race/ethnicity
Our final DV is Part D is important as it is our manipulation
check question …
56
Think About Your Performance
19
B. Think About Your Performance – Dependent Variable (DV)
Part D: Demographic Information (Manipulation Check)
– The most important question in Part D is Question 5, which
asks participants to recall the policy language. More
specifically, participants read the following question:
57
Think About Your Performance
20
B. Think About Your Performance – Dependent Variable (DV)
Part D: Demographic Information (Manipulation Check)
– Our analysis for question 5 will involve a chi square, where
we will see if participants recall what condition they were in.
We want participants in the High-controlling condition to
recall the “Using AI is prohibited” option
We want participants in the Low-controlling condition to
recall the “Using AI is discouraged” option
We want participants in the Neutral condition to recall the
“Using AI is inappropriate” option
58
Think About Your Performance
21
B. Think About Your Performance – Dependent Variable (DV)
Part D: Demographic Information (Manipulation Check)
– Our analysis for question 5 will involve a chi square, where
we will see if participants recall what condition they were in.
Question 5 is our manipulation check (or our attention
check). If participants do not recall the nature of the
language used in the AI policy, then they may not have
paid attention to our manipulation.
Given their lack of attention, we may not want to include
them as participants in our study.
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Test Your Understanding
6
What can we do if participants “fail” our manipulation (or attention)
check question?
A. Nothing. Once they finish the survey, it is unethical to do
anything that alters the data
B. We can alter their data so it shows they paid better attention
C. We can drop the participant from our study (ignore them)
D. We can ask the participant to redo the study
60
Test Your Understanding
7
What can we do if participants “fail” our manipulation (or attention)
check question?
A. Nothing. Once they finish the survey, it is unethical to do
anything that alters the data
B. We can alter their data so it shows they paid better attention
C. We can drop the participant from our study (ignore them)
D. We can ask the participant to redo the study
Answer C is the best option here. Results from an inattentive
participant can create error (noise) in our design. We don’t want
them to redo it (they might know the hypothesis), but altering or
doing nothing with their data can increase error noise, too
Think About Your Performance
22
B. Think About Your Performance – Hypotheses
Another big part of this study is the hypothesis (or hypotheses,
since there are several). You have a separate hypothesis for
each dependent variable (though hypotheses can overlap)
– Recall the 19 DVs we just looked at. Let’s narrow that 14
DVs: (10 in DVs in Part B and 4 in Part C). There are 14
different hypotheses here, one hypothesis for each DV!
– But let’s focus on the first DV in Part B: “The AI policy gives
me too little freedom to decide how I can use AI”
62
Think About Your Performance
23
B. Think About Your Performance – Hypotheses
Part B Statement 1: “Too little freedom to use AI”
– Recall that this DV statement is rated ranging on a scale
ranging from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 7 (Strongly Agree).
– The hypothesis for this statement (and others) will focus on
comparing scores for each DV across the three conditions.
– In your papers, YOU will provide a literature review to justify
the hypothesis. But for now, think about the hypothesis for
this DV as an “IF A THEN B” statement …
63
Think About Your Performance
24
B. Think About Your Performance – Hypotheses
Part B Statement 1: “Too little freedom to use AI”
– “IF participants read an AI policy that uses high-controlling
language, THEN they will more strongly agree that the AI
policy gives them too little freedom to decide how to use AI
when compared to participants who read an AI policy with
either low-controlling or neutral language, which will not
differ from each other.”
64
Think About Your Performance
25
B. Think About Your Performance – Hypotheses
Part B Statement 1: “Too little freedom to use AI”
– Feel free to disagree with my hypothesis. I admit might be
wrong! Just make sure that you can cite research articles
that support your prediction rather than mine.
– Let’s look at a similar dependent variable in Part B next …
65
Think About Your Performance
25d
B. Think About Your Performance – Hypotheses
Part B “The AI policy is not respectful of my right to make
my own decisions”
– “IF participants read an AI policy that uses high-controlling
language, THEN they will more strongly agree that the AI
policy is not respectful of their right to make their own
decisions when compared to participants who read an AI
policy with either low-controlling or neutral language, which
will not differ from each other.”
I know, not much difference! But that’s not a bad thing
66
Think About Your Performance
25e
B. Think About Your Performance – Hypotheses
Part B “The AI policy is not respectful of my right to make
my own decisions”
– Again, feel free to disagree with my hypothesis.
– There is a lot of overlap in many of our DVs, so one thing we
can do is group similar DVs together in the predictions. Let’s
go back to Part B …
67
Think About Your Performance
24c
B. Think About Your Performance – Hypotheses
Part B “Statements 1, 3, and 4 together!”
– IF participants read an AI policy that uses high controlling
language, THEN they will more strongly agree that a) the
policy gives them too little freedom to decide how to use AI,
b) the policy threatens their freedom to choose how to
complete assignments, and c) the policy is not respectful of
their right to make their own decisions when compared to
participants who read an AI policy with either low controlling
or neutral language, which will not differ from each other.
68
Think About Your Performance
24v
B. Think About Your Performance – Hypotheses
Part B “Statements 1, 3, and 4 together!”
– There are other predictions for Statements 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
and 10 in Part B, but I want to skip ahead to Part C. Part C
is interesting in that it focuses on participant intentions to
follow the AI policy, thus going beyond mere opinions about
harsh and controlling language and looking at behaviors.
– Let’s start with Part C Statement 2: “I intend to use AI even
in situations where the AI policy does not allow me to use it”
69
Think About Your Performance
24b
B. Think About Your Performance – Hypotheses
Part C “Intention to use AI when not allowed”
– “IF participants read an AI policy that uses high-controlling
language, THEN they will more strongly agree that they
intend to use AI even in situations where the AI policy does
not allow them to use it when compared to participants who
read an AI policy with either low-controlling or neutral
language, which will not differ from each other.”
Again, feel free to disagree!
70
Think About Your Performance
25en
B. Think About Your Performance – Hypotheses
A “null” result?
– I did want to address Part C Statement 1 (“I intend to use
AI in situations where the AI policy allows me to use it”).
– This statement prediction differs from some others as I do
not expect any differences between conditions. After all, if AI
is permitted, it shouldn’t be seen differently across
