Description
Hi. this is a SWOT project for my MIS class. Follow ALL of the directions. the maximum is 7 pages for this assignment but there is no minimum so as long as you answer all the questions THOROUGHLY, it will be fine. I have attached some powerpoints below that can help you but you may or may not need them. this is due 11/10 BEFORE 11 pm. the prompt is also below. if you can, please let me know the topic you choose after you read the prompt asap. thank you!
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CHAPTER ONE
MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
BUSINESS DRIVEN
MIS
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
SECTION 1.1
BUSINESS
DRIVEN MIS
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
3
COMPETING IN THE
INFORMATION AGE
▪ Fact – The confirmation or validation
of an event or object
▪ Information age – The present time,
during which infinite quantities of facts
are widely available to anyone who
can use a computer
4
COMPETING IN THE
INFORMATION AGE
▪ Examples of the power of business
and technology
• Amazon – Not a technology company;
primary business focus is selling books
• Netflix – Not a technology company;
primary business focus is renting videos
• Zappos – Not a technology company;
primary business focus is selling shoes
5
COMPETING IN THE
INFORMATION AGE
▪ The core drivers of the information age
• Data
• Information
• Business intelligence
• Knowledge
6
Data
▪ Data – Raw facts that describe the characteristics
of an event or object
7
Big Data
▪ Big Data – Collection of large, complex datasets,
which cannot be analyzed using traditional
database methods and tools.
▪ Four common characteristics of big data (4Vs)
Variety: Different forms of data
Veracity: Uncertainty of data
Volume: Scale of data
Velocity: Analysis of streaming data
8
Information
▪ Information – Data converted into a meaningful
and useful context
9
Business Intelligence
▪ Business intelligence Information collected from
multiple sources such as
suppliers, customers,
competitors, partners, and
industries that analyzes
patterns, trends, and
relationships for strategic
decision making
10
Knowledge
▪ Knowledge – Skills, experience,
and expertise coupled with
information and intelligence that
creates a person’s intellectual
resources
▪ Knowledge worker – Individual
valued for their ability to interpret
and analyze information
11
THE MIS SOLUTION
Common Departments Working Interdependently
12
THE MIS SOLUTION
13
SYSTEMS THINKING
▪ Systems thinking – A way of monitoring the entire
system by viewing multiple inputs being processed
or transformed to produce outputs while
continuously gathering feedback on each part
14
SYSTEMS THINKING
▪ Management Information Systems (MIS) –
A business function, like accounting and human
resources, which moves information about
people, products, and processes across the
company to facilitate decision-making and
problem-solving
15
MIS Department
Roles and Responsibilities
SECTION 1.2
BUSINESS
STRATEGY
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
17
IDENTIFYING COMPETITIVE
ADVANTAGES
▪ Competitive advantage – A product or service
that an organization’s customers place a greater
value on than similar offerings from a competitor
▪ First-mover advantage – Occurs when an
organization can significantly impact its market
share by being first to market with a competitive
advantage
18
SWOT ANALYSIS
▪ A SWOT analysis evaluates an organization’s
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and
threats to identify significant influences that
work for or against business strategies
19
THE FIVE FORCES MODEL –
EVALUATING INDUSTRY ATTRACTIVENESS
Porter’s Five
Forces Model
20
Buyer Power
▪ Buyer power – The ability of
buyers to affect the price of an item
• Switching cost – Manipulating costs
that make customers reluctant to
switch to another product
• Loyalty program – Rewards
customers based on the amount of
business they do with a particular
organization
21
Supplier Power
▪ Supplier power – The suppliers’ ability to
influence the prices they charge for supplies
• Supply chain – Consists of all parties involved in
the procurement of a product or raw material
22
Threat of Substitute
Products or Services
▪ Threat of substitute
products or services – High
when there are many
alternatives to a product or
service and low when there
are few alternatives
23
Threat of New Entrants
▪ Threat of new entrants – High when it is
easy for new competitors to enter a market
and low when there are significant entry
barriers
• Entry barrier – A feature of a product or service
that customers have come to expect and
entering competitors must offer the same for
survival
24
Rivalry Among
Existing Competitors
▪ Rivalry among existing competitors –
High when competition is fierce in a
market and low when competitors are
more complacent
• Product differentiation – Occurs when a
company develops unique differences in its
products or services with the intent to
influence demand
25
Analyzing the Airline Industry
▪ Perform a Porter’s Five Forces analysis of each of
the following for a company entering the
commercial airline industry
• Buyer power
• Supplier power
• Threat of substitute products/services
• Threat of new entrants
• Rivalry among competitors
CHAPTER TWO
DECISIONS AND
PROCESSES
VALUE DRIVEN
BUSINESS
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
SECTION 2.1
DECISION
SUPPORT
SYSTEMS
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
3
MAKING ORGANIZATIONAL
BUSINESS DECISIONS
▪ Managerial decision-making challenges
•
Analyze large amounts of information
•
Apply sophisticated analysis techniques
•
Make decisions quickly
4
The Decision-Making Process
5
Decision-Making Essentials
Decision-making
and problemsolving occur at
each level in an
organization
6
Decision-Making Essentials
▪ Operational decision
making – Employees
develop, control, and
maintain core business
activities required to run the
day-to-day operations
▪ Structured decisions Situations where established
processes offer potential
solutions
OPERATIONAL
7
Decision-Making Essentials
▪ Managerial decision making –
Employees evaluate company
operations to identify, adapt to,
and leverage change
▪ Semistructured decisions –
Occur in situations in which a few
established processes help to
evaluate potential solutions, but
not enough to lead to a definite
recommended decision
MANAGERIAL
8
Decision-Making Essentials
▪ Strategic decision making –
Managers develop overall
strategies, goals, and objectives
▪ Unstructured decisions –
Occurs in situations in which no
procedures or rules exist to
guide decision makers toward
the correct choice
STRATEGIC
9
USING MIS TO MAKE BUSINESS
DECISIONS
Types of Decision Making MIS Systems
10
Operational Support Systems
▪ Transaction processing system (TPS) –
Basic business system that serves the
operational level and assists in making
structured decisions
▪ Online transaction processing (OLTP) Capturing of transaction and event
information using technology to process,
store, and update
▪ Source document – The original
transaction record
11
Managerial Support Systems
▪ Online analytical processing
(OLAP) – Manipulation of
information to create business
intelligence in support of
strategic decision making
▪ Decision support system
(DSS) – Models information to
support managers and business
professionals during the
decision-making process
12
Managerial Support Systems
▪ Four quantitative models used by DSSs
include (MS Excel decision support functions)
1. What-if analysis (Excel Scenario Manager)
2. Sensitivity analysis (Excel IF function)
3. Goal-seeking analysis (Excel Goal Seek)
4. Optimization analysis (Excel Solver)
13
Strategic Support Systems
Information Levels Throughout An Organization
14
Strategic Support Systems
Executive information system (EIS) – A
specialized DSS that supports senior level
executives within the organization
▪
•
Granularity
•
Visualization
•
Digital dashboard
15
Strategic Support Systems
Interaction Between a TPS and EIS
16
Strategic Support Systems
▪ Most EISs offering the following
capabilities
• Consolidation (Business Intelligence)
• Drill-down (Data mart)
• Slice-and-dice (Data warehouse)
• Pivot (MS Excel Pivot Table)
17
USING AI TO MAKE BUSINESS
DECISIONS
▪
Artificial intelligence (AI) – Simulates human
intelligence such as the ability to reason and
learn
▪
Intelligent system – Various commercial
applications of artificial intelligence
18
USING AI TO MAKE BUSINESS
DECISIONS
▪
Five most common categories of AI
1. Machine Learning – Enables computers to
both understand concepts in the
environment and also to learn
2. Neural Network – Attempts to emulate the
way the human brain works
– Fuzzy logic – A mathematical method of
handling imprecise or subjective
information
19
USING AI TO MAKE BUSINESS
DECISIONS
— Deep Learning: Process that
employs specialized algorithms
to model and study complex
datasets and to establish
relationships among data and
datasets
20
USING AI TO MAKE BUSINESS
DECISIONS
3. Virtual reality – A computer-simulated
environment that can be a simulation of the real
world or an imaginary world
SECTION 2.2
BUSINESS
PROCESSES
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22
MANAGING BUSINESS PROCESSES
▪ Businesses
gain a
competitive
edge when they
minimize costs
and streamline
business
processes
23
MANAGING BUSINESS PROCESSES
▪ Business facing
▪ Customer facing
process – Invisible to the
process – Results in a
external customer but
product or service that is
essential to the effective
received by an
management of the
organization’s external
business
customer
24
MANAGING BUSINESS PROCESSES
The Order-to-Delivery Process
25
BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING
▪ Business process modeling (or mapping) – The
activity of creating a detailed flow chart or process
map of a work process showing its inputs, tasks,
and activities, in a structured sequence
▪ Business process model – A graphic description
of a process, showing the sequence of process
tasks, which is developed for a specific
• As-Is process model
• To-Be process model
26
BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING
27
USING MIS TO IMPROVE BUSINESS
PROCESSES
▪ Types of change
an organization
can achieve, along
with the
magnitudes of
change and the
potential business
benefit
28
OPERATIONAL BUSINESS PROCESSES
AUTOMATION
▪ Customers are demanding better
products and services
▪ Business process improvement –
Attempts to understand and
measure the current process and
make performance improvements
accordingly
▪ Automation – The process of
computerizing manual tasks
29
MANAGERIAL BUSINESS PROCESSES
STREAMLINING
▪ Streamlining – Improves business
process efficiencies by simplifying or
eliminating unnecessary steps
▪ Bottleneck – Occur when resources
reach full capacity and cannot handle any
additional demands
▪ Redundancy – Occurs when a task or
activity is unnecessarily repeated
30
STRATEGIC BUSINESS PROCESSES
REENGINEERING
▪ Business process reengineering (BPR) Analysis and redesign of workflow within and
between enterprises
31
STRATEGIC BUSINESS PROCESSES
REENGINEERING
Progressive Insurance Mobile Claims Process
CHAPTER FIVE
INFRASTRUCTURES
SUSTAINABLE
TECHNOLOGIES
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
SECTION 5.1
MIS
Infrastructures
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
3
THE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF A
SOLID MIS INFRASTRUCTURE
▪ MIS infrastructure – Includes the plans for how
a firm will build, deploy, use, and share its data,
processes, and MIS assets
• Hardware
• Software
• Network
• Client
• Server
4
THE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF A
SOLID MIS INFRASTRUCTURE
▪ Supporting operations
• Information MIS infrastructure
▪ Supporting change
• Agile MIS Infrastructure
▪ Supporting the environment
• Sustainable MIS infrastructure
5
SUPPORTING OPERATIONS:
INFORMATION MIS INFRASTRUCTURE
▪ Backup and recovery plan
▪ Disaster recovery plan
▪ Business continuity plan
6
Backup and Recovery Plan
▪ Backup – An exact copy of a system’s
information
▪ Recovery – The ability to get a system up and
running in the event of a system crash or failure
• Fault tolerance
• Failover
• Failback
7
Backup and Recovery Plan
▪ Disaster recovery plan – A detailed
process for recovering information or an IT
system in the event of a catastrophic
disaster such as a fire or flood
▪ Disaster recovery cost curve – Charts (1)
the cost to the organization of the
unavailability of information and technology
and (2) the cost to the organization of
recovering from a disaster over time
8
Backup and Recovery Plan
9
Backup and Recovery Plan
▪ Hot site – A separate and fully equipped
facility where the company can move
immediately after a disaster and resume
business
▪ Cold site – A separate facility that does not
have any computer equipment, but is a
place where employees can move after a
disaster
▪ Warm site – A separate facility with
computer equipment that requires
installation and configuration
10
SUPPORTING CHANGE: AGILE
MIS INFRASTRUCTURE
▪ Characteristics of an agile MIS infrastructure
• Accessibility
• Availability
• Maintainability
• Portability
• Reliability
• Scalability
• Usability
11
Accessibility
▪ Accessibility – Refers to the varying
levels that define what a user can
access, view, or perform when
operating a system
▪ Web accessibility – Allows people
with disabilities to use the Web
▪ Administrator access – Unrestricted
access to the entire system
12
Availability
▪ Availability – Time frames when the
system is operational
▪ Unavailable – Time frames when a
system is not operating and cannot be
used
▪ High availability – System is
continuously operational at all times
13
Maintainability
▪ Maintainability – How quickly a system
can transform to support environmental
changes
▪ Organizations must watch today’s
business, as well as tomorrow’s, when
designing and building systems
▪ Systems must be flexible enough to
meet all types of business changes
14
Portability
▪ Portability – The ability of an application to
operate on different devices or software
platforms
15
Reliability
▪ Reliability – Ensures a system is
functioning correctly and providing
accurate information
▪ Reliability is another term for
accuracy when discussing the
correctness of systems within the
context of efficiency IT metrics
▪ Vulnerability – a system weakness
that can be exploited by a threat
16
Scalability
▪ Scalability – How well a system can
scale up, or adapt to the increased
demands of growth
▪ Performance – Measures how quickly a
system performs a process or transaction
▪ Capacity planning – Determines future
environmental infrastructure
requirements to ensure high-quality
system performance
17
Usability
▪ Usability – The degree to which a
system is easy to learn and efficient
and satisfying to use
▪ Serviceability – How quickly a
third-party can change a system to
ensure it meets user needs and the
terms of any contracts, including
agreed levels of reliability,
maintainability, or availability
SECTION 5.2
Building
Sustainable MIS
Infrastructures
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
19
MIS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
▪ Moore’s Law – Refers to the computer
chip performance per dollar doubles
every 18 months
▪ Sustainable, or “green,” MIS Describes the production, management,
use, and disposal of technology in a
way that minimizes damage to the
environment
▪ Corporate social responsibility Companies’ acknowledged
responsibility to society
20
SUPPORTING THE ENVIRONMENT:
SUSTAINABLE MIS INFRASTRUCTURE
▪ The components of a
sustainable MIS
infrastructure include
21
Grid Computing
▪ Grid computing – A collection of computers,
often geographically dispersed, that are
coordinated to solve a common problem
22
Virtualized Computing
▪ Virtualization – Creates multiple “virtual”
machines on a single computing device
23
Virtualized Computing
▪ Data center – A facility used to house
management information systems and
associated components, such as
telecommunications and storage systems
▪ Sustainable data centers
• Reduces carbon emissions
• Reduces required floor Space
• Chooses Geographic location
24
Cloud Computing
25
Cloud Computing
CHAPTER SIX
DATA
Business
Intelligence
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
SECTION 6.1
DATA,
INFORMATION,
AND
DATABASES
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
3
THE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF
HIGH-QUALITY INFORMATION
▪ Information is everywhere in an
organization
▪ Employees must be able to obtain and
analyze the many different levels, formats,
and granularities of organizational
information to make decisions
▪ Successfully collecting, compiling, sorting,
and analyzing information can provide
tremendous insight into how an
organization is performing
4
Information Type:
Transactional and Analytical
• Transactional information –
Encompasses all of the information
contained within a single business process
or unit of work, and its primary purpose is
to support the performing of daily
operational tasks
• Analytical information – Encompasses
all organizational information, and its
primary purpose is to support the
performing of managerial analysis tasks
5
Information Type:
Transactional and Analytical
6
Information Quality
Low Quality Information Example
7
Understanding the Costs of
Using Low-Quality Information
▪
The four primary sources of low quality
information include
1. Customers intentionally enter inaccurate
information to protect their privacy
2. Different entry standards and formats
3. Operators enter abbreviated or erroneous
information by accident or to save time
4. Third party and external information
contains inconsistencies, inaccuracies, and
errors
8
STORING INFORMATION IN A
RELATIONAL DATABASE
▪ Information is everywhere in an
organization
▪ Information is stored in databases
• Database – maintains information
about various types of objects
(inventory), events (transactions),
people (employees), and places
(warehouses)
9
STORING INFORMATION IN
A RELATIONAL DATABASE
▪ Database management systems (DBMS) –Allows
users to create, read, update, and delete data in a
relational database
10
STORING INFORMATION IN A
RELATIONAL DATABASE
▪ Data element – The smallest or
basic unit of information
▪ Data model – Logical data
structures that detail the
relationships among data elements
using graphics or pictures
▪ Metadata –Details about data
▪ Data dictionary – Compiles all of
the metadata about the data
elements in the data model
11
Storing Data Elements in
Entities and Attributes
▪ Entity – A person, place, thing,
transaction, or event about which
information is stored
• The rows in a table contain entities
▪ Attribute (field, column) – The data
elements associated with an entity
• The columns in each table contain
the attributes
▪ Record – A collection of related data
elements
12
Creating Relationships
Through Keys
▪ Primary keys and foreign keys identify
the various entities (tables) in the
database
• Primary key – A field (or group of fields)
that uniquely identifies a given entity in a
table
• Foreign key – A primary key of one table
that appears an attribute in another table
and acts to provide a logical relationship
among the two tables
13
LOGICALLY RELATING
TABLES
▪ The use of identifiers represent relationships between
entities
14
USING A RELATIONAL DATABASE
FOR BUSINESS ADVANTAGES
▪ Database advantages from a business
perspective include
15
Increased Flexibility
▪ A well-designed database should
• Handle changes quickly and easily
• Provide users with different views
• Have only one physical view
❖Physical view – Deals with the
physical storage of information on a
storage device
• Have multiple logical views
❖Logical view – Focuses on how
individual users logically access
information to meet their own particular
business needs
16
Increased Scalability and
Performance
▪ A database must scale to meet
increased demand, while
maintaining acceptable performance
levels
• Scalability – Refers to how well a
system can adapt to increased demands
• Performance – Measures how quickly a
system performs a certain process or
transaction
17
Reduced Information Redundancy
▪ Databases reduce
information redundancy
• Information redundancy –
The duplication of data or
storing the same information
in multiple places
▪ Inconsistency is one of the
primary problems with
redundant information
18
Increase Information
Integrity (Quality)
▪ Information integrity –
measures the quality of
information
▪ Integrity constraint – rules
that help ensure the quality of
information
• Relational integrity constraint
• Business-critical integrity
constraint
19
Increased Information Security
▪ Information is an organizational asset and
must be protected
▪ Databases offer several security features
• Password – Provides authentication of the
user
• Access level – Determines who has access
to the different types of information
• Access control – Determines types of user
access, such as read-only access
20
DRIVING WEBSITES
WITH DATA
▪ Data-driven websites – An interactive website
kept constantly updated and relevant to the
needs of its customers using a database
▪ Content creator
▪ Content editor
▪ Static information
▪ Dynamic information
▪ Dynamic catalog
21
DRIVING WEBSITES
WITH DATA
22
DRIVING WEBSITES
WITH DATA
▪ Data-driven website advantages
• Easy to manage content
• Easy to store large amounts of data
• Easy to eliminate human errors
23
DRIVING WEBSITES
WITH DATA
SECTION 6.2
BUSINESS
INTELLIGENCE
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
25
SUPPORTING DECISIONS WITH
BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE
▪ Organizational data is difficult to
access
▪ Organizational data contains
structured data in database
▪ Organizational data contains
unstructured data such as voice
mail, phone calls, text messages,
and video clips
26
The Solution: Business
Intelligence
▪ Improving the quality of business decisions has
a direct impact on costs and revenue
▪ BI enables business users to receive data for analysis
that is:
• Reliable
• Consistent
• Understandable
• Easily manipulated
27
The Solution: Business
Intelligence
BI Can Answer Tough Questions
28
THE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF
DATA WAREHOUSING
▪ Data warehouses extend the
transformation of data into information
▪ In the 1990’s executives became less
concerned with the day-to-day business
operations and more concerned with
overall business functions
▪ The data warehouse provided the ability
to support decision making without
disrupting the day-to-day operations
29
THE BUSINESS BENEFITS OF
DATA WAREHOUSING
▪ Data warehouse – A logical collection of
information – gathered from many different
operational databases – that supports
business analysis activities and decisionmaking tasks
▪ Data mart – Contains a subset of data
warehouse information
30
PERFORMING BUSINESS ANALYSIS
WITH DATA MARTS
31
Multidimensional Analysis
▪ Databases contain information in a series of
two-dimensional tables
▪ In a data warehouse and data mart, information
is multidimensional, it contains layers of
columns and rows
• Dimension – A particular attribute of information
• Cube – Common term for the representation of
multidimensional information
32
Multidimensional Analysis
Cubes of Information
33
THE POWER OF BIG DATA
ANALYTICS
▪
Three organizational
methods for
analyzing big data
•
Data mining
•
Big data analytics
•
Data visualization
34
Data Mining
▪ Data mining – The process of analyzing data to extract
information not offered by the raw data alone
▪ Data-mining tools – use a variety of techniques to find
patterns and relationships in large volumes of
information
35
Data Mining
▪ Data mining analysis methods
• Prediction
• Optimization
• Forecasting
• Regression
36
Data Mining
▪ Data Mining Techniques
• Classification
• Estimation
• Affinity grouping
• Clustering
37
Big Data Analytics
▪ Structured data – Contains a defined length, type,
and format and includes numbers, dates, or strings
• Machine-generated data
• Human-generated data
▪ Unstructured data – Not defined, does not follow a
specified format, and is typically freeform text such as
emails, Twitter tweets, text messages
38
Big Data Analytics
▪ Big data – A collection of large, complex
data sets, including structured and
unstructured data, which cannot be
analyzed using traditional database
methods and tools
39
Data Visualization
▪ Infographics
▪ Analysis paralysis
▪ Data visualization
▪ Data visualization tools
▪ Business intelligence dashboards
▪ Data artist
MIS 140. Introduction to Business Technology and Decision Making
Final SWOT Project: Business Strategy and IT
This final project is analyzing business strategy of the company or organization and
suggesting new information technologies, such as data analytics, big data or artificial
intelligence (AI), to improve company’s strategy. You need to explain business strategy
based on your understanding of the specific company or organization in the business
environment. You can search for the detailed information in the company’s website or any
document on the business strategy to get the detailed information about the company. You
can list 3-4 major references of this research in the last page of report although you don’t
need to list all of your references for this project. The project should include the basic
information on the company (history, industry, strategic position, employee, financial
status, and so forth) and current strategic issues/problems and the strategic plan to be
successful you found based on the SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat)
analysis.
You should also make some suggestions on the use of new information technologies we
covered in our class such as data analytics, big data, database, data mining, business
intelligence, AI, ERP, SCM, CRM, cloud computing, blockchain and so on to improve
company’s strategy. You can select one company or organization in any industry
(manufacturing, service, non for profit, or anything else) and any business model (B2C,
B2B, social network service, traditional physical company, hybrid, pure dot.com, or
anything else) for this project.
You should prepare (maximum) 7-page (no specific minimum length of paper) report in
MS Word document (double space with 12 size font). You should upload it in the
Submission of D2L until the due date. I will evaluate your project based on your
knowledge about the specific business strategy and how new IT application can help an
organization for the strategic success. This project is an individual work. Hence, all your
submissions for this project must be out of your own work. Any student who violates this
rule or who knowingly assists another to violate this rule shall be subject to academic
discipline.
1
CHAPTER SEVEN
NETWORKS
MOBILE
BUSINESS
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
SECTION 7.1
CONNECTIVITY
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
3
Network Categories
▪ Local area network (LAN) Connects a group of computers in
close proximity, such as in an office
building, school, or home
▪ Wide area network (WAN) – Spans a
large geographic area such as a state,
province, or country
▪ Metropolitan area network (MAN) A large computer network usually
spanning a city
4
Network Access Technologies
▪ Bandwidth – The maximum amount
of data that can pass from one point
to another in a unit of time
• Bit
• Bit rate
• Modem
5
Network Access Technologies
▪ Broadband – A high-speed Internet connection
that is always connected
• Digital subscriber line
• Internet cable connection
• High speed Internet cable connections
• Cable modem
• Telecommuting
• Broadband over power line
6
Network Protocols
▪ Protocol – A standard that specifies the format
of data as well as the rules to be followed during
transmission
▪ Transmission control protocol/Internet
protocol (TCP/IP) – Provides the technical
foundation for the public Internet as well as for
large numbers of private networks
▪ Domain name system – Converts
IP addresses into domains
7
Network Protocols
Example of TCP/IP
8
Network Convergence
▪ Voice over IP (VoIP) – Uses IP technology to transmit
telephone calls
▪ Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) – Distributes digital
video content using IP across the Internet and
private IP networks
9
Sharing Resources
▪ The primary resources for sharing include
• Intranet
• Extranet
• Virtual private network
10
Social, Ethical, and Political Issues
▪ Digital divide – A worldwide gap giving
advantage to those with access to technology
SECTION 7.2
MOBILITY
©The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved
12
Personal Area Network
▪ Personal area networks (PAN)
– Provide communication over a
short distance that is intended for
use with devices that are owned
and operated by a single user
▪ Bluetooth – Wireless PAN
technology that transmits signals
over short distances between cell
phones, computers, and other
devices
13
Wireless LAN
▪ Wireless LAN (WLAN) – A local area network that uses
radio signals to transmit and receive data over distances
of a few hundred feet
▪ Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) – A means by which portable
devices can connect wirelessly to a local area network,
using access points that send and receive data via radio
waves
14
Wireless LAN
▪ Access point – The computer or network device that
serves an as interface between devices and the network
▪ Wireless access point – Enables devices to connect to
a wireless network to communicate with each other
▪ Multiple-in/multiple-out technology – Multiple
transmitters and receivers allowing them to send and
receive greater amounts of data than traditional
networking devices
15
Wireless WAN – Cellular
▪ Smart phone – Offer more advanced computing
ability and connectivity than basic cell phones
▪ 3G, 4G, 5G – A service that brings wireless
broadband to mobile phones
▪ Streaming – A method of sending audio and
video files over the Internet
16
Wireless WAN – Satellite
▪ Satellite – A space station that orbits the Earth
receiving and transmitting signals from Earthbased stations over a wide area
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BUSINESS APPLICATIONS OF
WIRELESS NETWORKS
▪ Areas experiencing tremendous growth using
wireless technologies include
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Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID)
▪ Radio frequency identification (RFID) – Uses
electronic tags and labels to identify objects
wirelessly over short distances
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Global Positioning System
▪ Global positioning system (GPS) – A satellitebased navigation system providing extremely
accurate position, time, and speed information
▪ Automatic vehicle location (AVL) – Uses GPS
tracking to track vehicles
▪ Latitude – Represents a north/south measurement of
position
▪ Longitude – Represents an east/west measurement of
position
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Geographic Information
Systems (GIS)
▪ Geographic information system
(GIS) – Consists of hardware,
software, and data that provide location
information for display on a
multidimensional map
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Geographic Information
Systems (GIS)
▪ Location based services (LBS) – Applications that
use location information to provide a service
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