Description
The Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA) report must cover FIVE priority hazards (some natural and some human-caused)and be as detailed as possible. (You can use some hazards from the hazard identification and profiling exercise).
HIRA Paper must include/address:
Description of the location (e.g., location, geography, population demographics, etc.) CHECK US CENSUS.GOV FOR THIS INFORMATION
Identify hazards that could happen in the location and a detailed risk assessment of five hazards (balance between natural and human-caused). You can use a hazard profile worksheet for each hazard to compile information.
Consequences, vulnerability, and threat/probability/likelihood for each of the five priority hazards identified
Impact analysis for each of the five selected hazards
Sources of the hazard identification information/data MUST be cited in the text, and all the citations must be in APA Style. See Owl at Purdue website for guidance on using APA Style for reference citations.
NOTE: IF YOU DO NOT INCLUDE VERIFIABLE IN-TEXT CITATIONS IN YOUR REPORT, THE MAXIMUM POINTS YOU WILL EARN FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT IS 20% OF THE TOTAL POINTS.
The report must be written in text/essay form (not as a hazard profile worksheet and not as bullet points).
The report must be
Double-spaced
Minimum five pages
12-pt font with 1-inch margins.
Include a reference page. All sources in APA style in-text (not just listed in works cited at the end of the paper).
Incorporating appropriate and meaningful diagrams and maps is a plus. Always included sources for maps, graphics, tables, etc.
Unformatted Attachment Preview
HIRA Project Part I: Hazard Identification and Profiling Assignment
Antonio Williams
Dr. Nojang
Risk Vulnerability Assessment
8th October 2023
Sample Hazard Profile/Hazard Analysis Worksheet
Hazard: Winter Driving Fatalities
Location: Cass County, North Dakota
Threat
Frequency/probability of Occurrence:
❑ 4 – Highly likely (Near 100% probability in the next year)
❑ 3 – Likely (Between 10% and 100% probability in the next year, or at least one chance
in the next 10 years)
❑ 2- Possible (Between 1% and 10% probability in the next year, or at least one chance in
the next 100 years)
❑ 1 – Unlikely (Less than 1% probability in the next 100 years)
❑ 0 – No chance
Seasonal pattern or calendar link?
◻ No
◻ Yes. Specify season(s) or dates when hazard occurs:
Winter months
Include historic occurrences information.
https://www.weather.gov/fgf/2016_12_25_WinterStormSummary
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 1
Probable duration:
Potential Speed of Onset:
❑ Minimal or no notice
❑ 6 to 12 hours notice
❑ 12 to 24 hours notice
❑ More than 24 hours notice
Available warning mechanisms:
Weather alerts, road condition reports.
Consequences & Impacts
Potential impact on human health & safety:
◻ 4 – Catastrophic (Possibility for multiple deaths)
◻ 3- Critical (Injuries or illness resulting in permanent disability)
◻ 2 – Limited (Temporary injuries)
◻ 1 – Negligible (Injuries treatable with first aid)
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
On March 17th, 2023, a crush on I-94 led to the spillage of anti-freeze.
https://www.valleynewslive.com/2023/03/16/clean-up-efforts-underway-after-deadly-crash-i94/
Potential impact on property and infrastructure:
◻ 4 – Catastrophic (Shutdown of critical facilities for 1 month or more; more than 50% of
property severely damaged)
◻ 3 – Critical (Shutdown of critical facilities for at least 2 weeks; 25% to 50% of property
severely damaged)
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 2
◻ 2- Limited (Shutdown of critical facilities for 1-2 weeks; 10% to 25% of property severely
damaged)
◻ 1 – Negligible (Shutdown of critical facilities for 24 hours or less; less than 10% of property
severely damaged)
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
Road safety has been prioritized by the county.
https://www.dot.nd.gov/divisions/safety/docs/NDDOT%202020%20Crash%20Summary%20%20No%20bleed%20-%20single%20pages%20(1).pdf
What are potential impacts on the environment and/or agriculture?
Winter driving fatalities may not directly impact the environment but can indirectly lead to
emergency response activities that affect the environment.
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
https://deq.nd.gov/Publications/MF/OB/2021-3-Winter.pdf
Potential impact on continuity of operations:
◻ 4 – Catastrophic (moderate- to long-term (36 hours and longer) impacts on essential
functions)
◻ 3 – Critical (moderate-term (12-36 hour) impacts on multiple essential functions and/or
longer-term impacts on all functions)
◻ 2 – Limited (moderate-term (12-36 hour) impacts on some functions and/or shorter-term
impacts on small number of essential functions)
◻ 1 – Negligible (short-term (less than 12 hours) impacts on some functions
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 3
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
https://www.valleynewslive.com/2021/11/14/winter-driving-safety-tips-cass-county-sheriff/
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 4
Hazard Analysis Worksheet (continued)
Potential for cascading or secondary effects?
❑ No
❑ Yes. Specify effects:
Traffic accidents can lead to road closures, further impacting transportation and emergency
response.
Describe historic examples or estimates, if available.
The county has invested in the designing of an information website that acts as a guide on road
conditions during winter. Drivers and motorists can therefore steer clear of badly affected
roads and know where to seek help or further guidance.
https://www.dot.nd.gov/dotnet/news/public
Vulnerability
Are there particular locations or areas of the city that are more vulnerable to this hazard? If
so, list/describe:
❑ No
❑ Yes
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 5
Some areas of Cass County may be more vulnerable to winter driving fatalities due to factors
like road conditions, traffic volume, and proximity to hazardous terrain.
Are particular populations more likely to be negatively impacted? If so, who/which?
❑ No
❑ Yes
Vulnerable populations for winter driving fatalities can include commuters, individuals with
less experience driving in winter conditions, and those living in rural areas with limited access
to emergency services.
Are particular types of infrastructure or more likely to be affected? If so, which?
❑ No
❑ Yes
Vulnerable infrastructure includes highways, rural roads, and bridges that may become
treacherous during winter storms.
Are particular aspects of government and emergency operations more likely to be negatively
impacted? If so, which?
❑ No
❑ Yes
Government agencies and emergency responders may face challenges in maintaining road
safety and responding to accidents during severe winter weather.
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 6
Are particular environmental factors or areas more likely to be negatively impacted? If so,
which?
❑ No
❑ Yes
Environmental factors contributing to winter driving fatalities can include heavy snowfall, icy
roads, and reduced visibility due to blizzards.
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 7
Hazard Impact Analysis
Describe the potential impacts of the hazard on:
▪ The Public (People): Winter driving fatalities can lead to loss of life and injuries among
motorists and passengers due to accidents caused by slippery roads and reduced
visibility.
▪ Responders: Emergency responders may be at risk while attending to accidents in
hazardous winter conditions, facing the risk of exposure to cold temperatures and
slippery surfaces.
▪ Continuity of Operations and Service Delivery: Winter storms and accidents can
disrupt the continuity of government operations and essential services, including
transportation, healthcare, and public safety.
▪ Property: Winter driving accidents can result in property damage, including vehicle
damage and infrastructure repair costs.
▪ Facilities and Infrastructure: Harsh winter conditions can lead to infrastructure
damage, including road and bridge deterioration, which may require costly repairs.
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 8
▪ The Environment: Winter driving accidents can have environmental impacts through
vehicle fluid spills and other pollutants that may enter waterways.
▪ Economic Condition: Winter driving fatalities can have economic repercussions due to
medical expenses, insurance claims, and the cost of emergency response and recovery
efforts.
▪ Public Confidence: The public’s perception of the government’s ability to maintain safe
winter driving conditions and respond effectively to accidents can influence public
confidence.
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 9
HIRA Project Part I: Hazard Identification and Profiling Assignment
Antonio Williams
Dr. Nojang
Risk Vulnerability Assessment
8th October 2023
Sample Hazard Profile/Hazard Analysis Worksheet
Hazard: Blizzards
Location: Cass County, North Dakota
Threat
Frequency/probability of Occurrence:
❑ 4 – Highly likely (Near 100% probability in the next year)
❑ 3 – Likely (Between 10% and 100% probability in the next year, or at least one chance
in the next 10 years)
❑ 2- Possible (Between 1% and 10% probability in the next year, or at least one chance in
the next 100 years)
❑ 1 – Unlikely (Less than 1% probability in the next 100 years)
❑ 0 – No chance
Seasonal pattern or calendar link?
◻ No
◻ Yes. Specify season(s) or dates when hazard occurs:
Blizzards are most likely to occur during the winter months, typically from November to
March. Historical occurrences indicate that blizzards can happen during this period.
Include historic occurrences information.
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 1
https://www.ndstudies.gov/gr8/content/unit-iii-waves-development-1861-1920/lesson-1changing-landscapes/topic-5-blizzards-floods-and-drought/section-1-blizzards
Probable duration:
Blizzards can last for several hours to several days.
Potential Speed of Onset:
❑ Minimal or no notice
❑ 6 to 12 hours notice
❑ 12 to 24 hours notice
❑ More than 24 hours notice
Available warning mechanisms:
Weather forecasts, blizzard warnings, and winter storm advisories are issued by the National
Weather Service (NWS) and local meteorological agencies. Public advisories are
communicated through various channels, including television, radio, websites, and social
media.
Consequences & Impacts
Potential impact on human health & safety:
◻ 4 – Catastrophic (Possibility for multiple deaths)
◻ 3- Critical (Injuries or illness resulting in permanent disability)
◻ 2 – Limited (Temporary injuries)
◻ 1 – Negligible (Injuries treatable with first aid)
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 2
https://www.ndstudies.gov/gr8/content/unit-iii-waves-development-1861-1920/lesson-1changing-landscapes/topic-5-blizzards-floods-and-drought/section-1-blizzards
Potential impact on property and infrastructure:
◻ 4 – Catastrophic (Shutdown of critical facilities for 1 month or more; more than 50% of
property severely damaged)
◻ 3 – Critical (Shutdown of critical facilities for at least 2 weeks; 25% to 50% of property
severely damaged)
◻ 2- Limited (Shutdown of critical facilities for 1-2 weeks; 10% to 25% of property severely
damaged)
◻ 1 – Negligible (Shutdown of critical facilities for 24 hours or less; less than 10% of property
severely damaged)
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
https://www.ndstudies.gov/gr8/content/unit-iii-waves-development-1861-1920/lesson-1changing-landscapes/topic-5-blizzards-floods-and-drought/section-1-blizzards
What are potential impacts on the environment and/or agriculture?
Blizzards can affect crops, and wildlife, and lead to snowdrifts and snow cover on vegetation.
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
https://commons.und.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2750&context=theses
Potential impact on continuity of operations:
◻ 4 – Catastrophic (moderate- to long-term (36 hours and longer) impacts on essential
functions)
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 3
◻ 3 – Critical (moderate-term (12-36 hour) impacts on multiple essential functions and/or
longer-term impacts on all functions)
◻ 2 – Limited (moderate-term (12-36 hour) impacts on some functions and/or shorter-term
impacts on small number of essential functions)
◻ 1 – Negligible (short-term (less than 12 hours) impacts on some functions
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
https://www.ndstudies.gov/gr8/content/unit-iii-waves-development-1861-1920/lesson-1changing-landscapes/topic-5-blizzards-floods-and-drought/section-1-blizzards
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 4
Hazard Analysis Worksheet (continued)
Potential for cascading or secondary effects?
❑ No
❑ Yes. Specify effects:
Blizzards can lead to power outages, frozen pipes, and limited access to resources.
Describe historic examples or estimates, if available.
https://www.ndstudies.gov/gr8/content/unit-iii-waves-development-1861-1920/lesson-1changing-landscapes/topic-5-blizzards-floods-and-drought/section-1-blizzards
Vulnerability
Are there particular locations or areas of the city that are more vulnerable to this hazard? If
so, list/describe:
❑ No
❑ Yes
Some areas of Cass County are more vulnerable to blizzards, especially those in open, rural
areas where snow drifts can occur.
Are particular populations more likely to be negatively impacted? If so, who/which?
❑ No
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 5
❑ Yes
Vulnerable populations include those who may become stranded in their homes or vehicles.
Are particular types of infrastructure or more likely to be affected? If so, which?
❑ No
❑ Yes
Infrastructure vulnerable to blizzards includes roads, bridges, and power lines.
Are particular aspects of government and emergency operations more likely to be negatively
impacted? If so, which?
❑ No
❑ Yes
Government and emergency operations can be impacted by blizzards, particularly if essential
facilities and equipment are not adequately prepared.
Are particular environmental factors or areas more likely to be negatively impacted? If so,
which?
❑ No
❑ Yes
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 6
Environmental factors, such as the presence of open fields and agricultural land, can influence
the severity of blizzard impacts.
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 7
Hazard Impact Analysis
Describe the potential impacts of the hazard on:
▪ The Public (People): Blizzards can result in frostbite, hypothermia, and even fatalities
if individuals are exposed without adequate protection. Stranded motorists may be at
risk.
▪ Responders: First responders may face challenges in providing assistance and
conducting rescue operations in blizzard conditions.
▪ Continuity of Operations: Blizzards can disrupt transportation, utilities, and the
provision of essential services, affecting continuity of operations.
▪ Property: Property damage, transportation disruptions, and vehicle issues can result
from blizzards, including damage to roofs due to heavy snow accumulation.
▪ Facilities and Infrastructure: Blizzards can lead to infrastructure damage, particularly
to roads and power lines.
▪ The Environment: Blizzards can impact wildlife and have ecological effects, including
snow accumulation on vegetation.
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 8
▪ Economic Condition: Economic impacts include repair and recovery costs, loss of
business revenue, and increased energy consumption.
▪ Public Confidence: Effective communication and response to blizzard events can
influence public confidence in the government’s ability to manage emergencies.
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 9
HIRA Project Part I: Hazard Identification and Profiling Assignment
Antonio Williams
Dr. Nojang
Risk Vulnerability Assessment
8th October 2023
Sample Hazard Profile/Hazard Analysis Worksheet
Hazard: Tornadoes
Location: Cass County, North Dakota
Threat
Frequency/probability of Occurrence:
❑ 4 – Highly likely (Near 100% probability in the next year)
❑ 3 – Likely (Between 10% and 100% probability in the next year, or at least one chance
in the next 10 years)
❑ 2- Possible (Between 1% and 10% probability in the next year, or at least one chance in
the next 100 years)
❑ 1 – Unlikely (Less than 1% probability in the next 100 years)
❑ 0 – No chance
Seasonal pattern or calendar link?
◻ No
◻ Yes. Specify season(s) or dates when hazard occurs:
Tornadoes are most likely to occur during the spring and early summer months, typically
from April to July. Historical occurrences indicate increased tornado activity during this
period.
Include historic occurrences information.
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 1
https://www.groundzeroshelters.com/north-dakota-tornadoaverages?#:~:text=North%20Dakota%20Tornado%20Averages&text=There%20are%20
an%20average%20of,January%20%E2%80%93%200
https://www.homefacts.com/tornadoes/North-Dakota/Cass-County.html
Probable duration:
Tornadoes can form rapidly and may last from a few seconds to several hours.
Potential Speed of Onset:
❑ Minimal or no notice
❑ 6 to 12 hours notice
❑ 12 to 24 hours notice
❑ More than 24 hours notice
Available warning mechanisms:
Tornado warnings are issued by the National Weather Service (NWS) through various
channels, including weather radio, television, and smartphone apps. Sirens may also be used for
outdoor warnings.
Consequences & Impacts
Potential impact on human health & safety:
◻ 4 – Catastrophic (Possibility for multiple deaths)
◻ 3- Critical (Injuries or illness resulting in permanent disability)
◻ 2 – Limited (Temporary injuries)
◻ 1 – Negligible (Injuries treatable with first aid)
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
https://www.homefacts.com/tornadoes/North-Dakota/Cass-County.html
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 2
Potential impact on property and infrastructure:
◻ 4 – Catastrophic (Shutdown of critical facilities for 1 month or more; more than 50% of
property severely damaged)
◻ 3 – Critical (Shutdown of critical facilities for at least 2 weeks; 25% to 50% of property
severely damaged)
◻ 2- Limited (Shutdown of critical facilities for 1-2 weeks; 10% to 25% of property severely
damaged)
◻ 1 – Negligible (Shutdown of critical facilities for 24 hours or less; less than 10% of property
severely damaged)
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
https://www.umanitoba.ca/environment/envirogeog/weather/ndnews.html
https://www.marc.org/sites/default/files/2022-03/Hazard-Mitigation-Plan-Section-4.pdf
What are potential impacts on the environment and/or agriculture?
Tornadoes can damage natural habitats and agricultural areas. Soil erosion, tree damage, and
crop destruction may occur.
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
https://www.umanitoba.ca/environment/envirogeog/weather/ndnews.html
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 3
Potential impact on continuity of operations:
◻ 4 – Catastrophic (moderate- to long-term (36 hours and longer) impacts on essential
functions)
◻ 3 – Critical (moderate-term (12-36 hour) impacts on multiple essential functions and/or
longer-term impacts on all functions)
◻ 2 – Limited (moderate-term (12-36 hour) impacts on some functions and/or shorter-term
impacts on small number of essential functions)
◻ 1 – Negligible (short-term (less than 12 hours) impacts on some functions
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
https://www.umanitoba.ca/environment/envirogeog/weather/ndnews.html
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 4
Hazard Analysis Worksheet (continued)
Potential for cascading or secondary effects?
❑ No
❑ Yes. Specify effects:
Secondary effects can include power outages, water supply disruption, and transportation
blockages.
Describe historic examples or estimates, if available.
https://www.umanitoba.ca/environment/envirogeog/weather/ndnews.html
https://www.marc.org/sites/default/files/2022-03/Hazard-Mitigation-Plan-Section-4.pdf
Vulnerability
Are there particular locations or areas of the city that are more vulnerable to this hazard? If
so, list/describe:
❑ No
❑ Yes
Some areas of Cass County may be more vulnerable to tornadoes, especially if they are located
in the tornado-prone path. Vulnerable areas are typically those with a history of tornado
occurrences.
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 5
Are particular populations more likely to be negatively impacted? If so, who/which?
❑ No
❑ Yes
Vulnerable populations include residents in tornado-prone areas and those without access to
reliable tornado warning systems.
Are particular types of infrastructure or more likely to be affected? If so, which?
❑ No
❑ Yes
Infrastructure vulnerable to tornadoes includes buildings, electrical grids, and communication
networks.
Are particular aspects of government and emergency operations more likely to be negatively
impacted? If so, which?
❑ No
❑ Yes
Government and emergency operations can be negatively impacted, particularly if emergency
management facilities are damaged.
Are particular environmental factors or areas more likely to be negatively impacted? If so,
which?
❑ No
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 6
❑ Yes
Environmental factors, such as the presence of forests or bodies of water, can influence tornado
impacts.
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 7
Hazard Impact Analysis
Describe the potential impacts of the hazard on
▪ The Public (People): Tornadoes can result in loss of life and injuries due to their
destructive force.
▪ Responders: First responders may face significant challenges in conducting search and
rescue operations during and after tornadoes.
▪ Continuity of Operations: Tornadoes can disrupt government operations and the
delivery of essential services.
▪ Property: Tornadoes can cause extensive property damage, including homes,
businesses, and infrastructure.
▪ Facilities and Infrastructure: Critical infrastructure can be severely damaged or
destroyed.
▪ The Environment: Tornadoes can impact natural habitats and cause ecological
disruptions.
▪ Economic Condition: The economic impact of tornadoes includes property damage,
recovery costs, and potential loss of business revenue.
▪ Public Confidence: Effective tornado warnings and responses can influence public
confidence in the government’s ability to manage emergencies.
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 8
HIRA Project Part I: Hazard Identification and Profiling Assignment
Antonio Williams
Dr. Nojang
Risk Vulnerability Assessment
8th October 2023
Sample Hazard Profile/Hazard Analysis Worksheet
Hazard: Extreme Cold Temperatures
Location: Cass County, North Dakota
Threat
Frequency/probability of Occurrence:
❑ 4 – Highly likely (Near 100% probability in the next year)
❑ 3 – Likely (Between 10% and 100% probability in the next year, or at least one chance
in the next 10 years)
❑ 2- Possible (Between 1% and 10% probability in the next year, or at least one chance in
the next 100 years)
❑ 1 – Unlikely (Less than 1% probability in the next 100 years)
❑ 0 – No chance
Seasonal pattern or calendar link?
◻ No
◻ Yes. Specify season(s) or dates when hazard occurs:
Extreme cold temperatures are most likely to occur during the winter months, typically
from November to March. Historical occurrences indicate extended periods of extreme cold
during this period.
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 1
Include historic occurrences information.
https://www.weather.gov/bis/climate_EXT#:~:text=The%20coldest%20temperature%20e
ver%20recorded,Parshall%20on%20February%2015%2C%201936.
https://data.jsonline.com/weather-data/cass-county/38017/1986-04-01/
Probable duration:
Extreme cold temperatures can persist for days or weeks during winter cold snaps.
Potential Speed of Onset:
❑ Minimal or no notice
❑ 6 to 12 hours notice
❑ 12 to 24 hours notice
❑ More than 24 hours notice
Available warning mechanisms:
Weather forecasts, wind chill advisories, and cold weather alerts are issued by the National
Weather Service (NWS) and local meteorological agencies. Public advisories are
communicated through various channels, including television, radio, websites, and social
media.
Consequences & Impacts
Potential impact on human health & safety:
◻ 4 – Catastrophic (Possibility for multiple deaths)
◻ 3- Critical (Injuries or illness resulting in permanent disability)
◻ 2 – Limited (Temporary injuries)
◻ 1 – Negligible (Injuries treatable with first aid)
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 2
https://www.starkcountynd.gov/index.asp?SEC=76BF013E-CC15-47CD-B3F39A3407BDE985
Potential impact on property and infrastructure:
◻ 4 – Catastrophic (Shutdown of critical facilities for 1 month or more; more than 50% of
property severely damaged)
◻ 3 – Critical (Shutdown of critical facilities for at least 2 weeks; 25% to 50% of property
severely damaged)
◻ 2- Limited (Shutdown of critical facilities for 1-2 weeks; 10% to 25% of property severely
damaged)
◻ 1 – Negligible (Shutdown of critical facilities for 24 hours or less; less than 10% of property
severely damaged)
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
https://www.starkcountynd.gov/index.asp?SEC=76BF013E-CC15-47CD-B3F39A3407BDE985
What are potential impacts on the environment and/or agriculture?
Extreme cold can damage crops, affect wildlife, and lead to water body freeze-ups.
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
https://www.weather.gov/fgf/2019_01_29-31_ExtremeCold
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 3
Potential impact on continuity of operations:
◻ 4 – Catastrophic (moderate- to long-term (36 hours and longer) impacts on essential
functions)
◻ 3 – Critical (moderate-term (12-36 hour) impacts on multiple essential functions and/or
longer-term impacts on all functions)
◻ 2 – Limited (moderate-term (12-36 hour) impacts on some functions and/or shorter-term
impacts on small number of essential functions)
◻ 1 – Negligible (short-term (less than 12 hours) impacts on some functions
Include information available from historic occurrences or other credible estimates.
https://www.weather.gov/fgf/2019_01_29-31_ExtremeCold
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 4
Hazard Analysis Worksheet (continued)
Potential for cascading or secondary effects?
❑ No
❑ Yes. Specify effects:
Extreme cold can lead to issues like power outages, frozen pipes, and transportation
disruptions.
Describe historic examples or estimates, if available.
https://data.jsonline.com/weather-data/cass-county/38017/1986-04-01/
Vulnerability
Are there particular locations or areas of the city that are more vulnerable to this hazard? If
so, list/describe:
❑ No
❑ Yes
Some areas of Cass County are more vulnerable to extremely cold temperatures, especially
rural areas or those with less access to heating resources.
Are particular populations more likely to be negatively impacted? If so, who/which?
❑ No
❑ Yes
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 5
Vulnerable populations include the homeless, elderly, and individuals with inadequate housing.
Are particular types of infrastructure or more likely to be affected? If so, which?
❑ No
❑ Yes
Infrastructure vulnerable to extreme cold includes water supply systems, electrical grids, and
transportation networks.
Are particular aspects of government and emergency operations more likely to be negatively
impacted? If so, which?
❑ No
❑ Yes
Government and emergency operations can be impacted by extreme cold, particularly if
essential facilities and equipment are not adequately prepared.
Are particular environmental factors or areas more likely to be negatively impacted? If so,
which?
❑ No
❑ Yes
Environmental factors, such as proximity to open water bodies, can influence the severity of
extreme cold impacts.
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 6
Hazard Impact Analysis
Describe the potential impacts of the hazard on:
▪ The Public (People): Extreme cold temperatures can result in frostbite, hypothermia,
and even fatalities if individuals are exposed without adequate protection.
▪ Responders: First responders may face challenges in providing assistance and
conducting rescue operations in extreme cold conditions.
▪ Continuity of Operations: Extreme cold can disrupt transportation, utilities, and the
provision of essential services, affecting continuity of operations.
▪ Property: Frozen pipes, property damage, and vehicle issues can result from extreme
cold temperatures.
▪ Facilities and Infrastructure: Cold temperatures can lead to infrastructure damage,
particularly to water supply systems and power lines.
▪ The Environment: Extreme cold can harm wildlife and have ecological impacts.
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 7
▪ Economic Condition: Economic impacts include repair and recovery costs, loss of
business revenue, and increased energy consumption.
▪ Public Confidence: Effective communication and response to extreme cold events can
influence public confidence in the government’s ability to manage emergencies.
Sample Hazard Profile Worksheet, page 8
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