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Paxlovid Presentation
By Breanna , Kishan, Jasmine, and Soheila
Need to know:
Generic name:
Nirmatrelvir
and Ritanovir
Used to prevent
hospitalization
from covid-19
FDA approval
date
Sponsor/
Company
Route of Administration
• Enteral
3-Dimensional
structure of
Ritanovir
Functional groups in Ritonavir
• Hydroxyl
• 2 sulfate groups
• 4 Benzenes
stereochemistry
Mechanism
of Action
• Nirmatrelvir inhibits the
enzyme protease
• Ritonavir slows down the
Covid virus
Metabolism Pathway
Dosage
• Failure to administer Nirmatrelvir with
Ritonavir ( Paxlovid is the combo pill)
together will result in low to none
therapuetic effect because of the plasma
levels are thrown off.
• Based on medical records of the patient
• Studies fiund…
solubility
Polarity and hydrophobicity for Nirmatrelvir
• ClogP value
• interpretation
Polarity and Hydrophobicity for Ritonavir
• Clog P values:
• Interpretation
• What functional groups are responsible for the polarity?
Acid/base properties of Nirmatrelvir
Acis/base properties of Ritonavir
Drug-Drug
interactions
• Sildenafil effects will be
decreased because of inhibition
of CYP 3A4; this results in
Interaction results in loss of
vision , flushing, and
hypotension
• [2] Pfizer Labs: Fact sheet for healthcare providers:
Emergency Use Authorization for PAXLOVID(TM). US
Food & Drug Administration (FDA). Silver Spring, MD.
2022. Available from URL: https://www.fda.g… . As
accessed 2022-03-30.
References
• https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00503
•
Marzi M, Vakil MK, Bahmanyar M, Zarenezhad E. Paxlovid: Mechanism of Action, Synthesis,
and In Silico Study. Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022:7341493.
Published 2022 Jul 7. doi:10.1155/2022/7341493
•
Fred Wilson
Medicinal
Chemistry
Lab
Drug Approval
October 16 and 17, 2023
PBS 7010: Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory
October 16 and 17, 2023
Name of Lab #7: Recent Drug Approval
Objectives:
• Grand goal: Evaluate a recently approved drug.
Timeline:
• Oct 16/17: organize group and ensure “Microsoft Teams” is
working on all member computers, submit drug selection and 2
references formatted properly (AMA only).
• Discuss within group setting: Nov 7/8, Nov 14/15.
• Oral presentation as a group: Nov13/14-27/28 (150 pts).
• Peer evaluations each day + attendance (15+15+20
pts/day).
Timeline and Location
Oct 16/17, Skills Lab: Lecture will discuss how to make good (and bad) oral presentations. Students
will have time to discuss their assignment within a group setting. Students will not submit any work on
this date but will have in class assignment.
Oct 23/24, Skills Lab: 1st Lecture on Library Tools. 2nd Lecture will define the task of both a written and
oral assignment. Students will have their first meeting as a group and receive their drug assignments or
submit their own. Oral presentation dates will be assigned to each group.
Oct 30/31, Lab 6.
Nov 6/7, Finalize presentations, no in person assignment, highly recommended to come to lab for
practice or feedback (will be there unless no one shows up).
Nov 13/14: Oral Presentations (2 groups). Approximately 30 min for each group. Approximately 20-25
slides total. There will be Q&A time from audience.
Nov 20/21: Oral Presentations (2 groups). Approximately 30 min for each group. Approximately 20-25
slides total. There will be Q&A time from audience.
Nov 27/28, Students submit Lab #7 written reports in Blackboard. Each student will submit their own
individually-written report on the assigned drug. Monday/Section 1 due Thursday, Nov 30.
Tuesday/Section 2 due Friday, Dec. 1. Reports are due by 11:59pm.
Yearly Drug Approvals
50 approvals in 2021.
https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/DrugInnovation/default.htm
Drugs Recently Approved by
United States Food & Drug Administration
1. Abilify MyCite
Brand names: 2. Epidiolex
3. Fetzima
4. Lucemyra
5. Marinol
6. Nourianz
7. Spravato
• Be aware: The brand names listed have
been assigned recently. Some of the
information you need may be under the
generic name or under a lab code.
Directions for your drug selection: Must be within 3 years of FDA approval (2020 or
later), no combination therapies or biologics (will make life easier).
All subject to approval.
Information to include in written report.
1. Drug Name
2. Brand Name
3. FDA approval date: month and year; sometimes at top of package insert.
4. Sponsor/Company
5. Therapeutic Utility: the ‘use”, recall Lab Report #1.
6. Chemical Structure: Identify key/prominent functional groups, like Lab Report #1.
7. Stereochemistry: identify if drug is enantiomerically pure or racemic. May not apply to all drugs.
8. 3D atomic structure: recall Lab Report #4
9. Acid-base properties: recall Lab Report #2, pKa values
10. Solubility: from Chemicalize web site, or from Package insert.
11. Polarity and Hydrophobicity: CLogP, recall Lab Report #3
12. Mechanism of action (MOA): Section 12 of Package Insert might be helpful, or MicroMedex
13. Dose, Dosage: recall definitions from Lab #1. Section 2 of Package Insert might be helpful
14. Route of Administration: Section 3 of Package Insert might be helpful
15. Metabolism Pathway: recall Lab Report #5. Hint: These drugs are not in SMPDB database.
16. Drug-Drug Interactions
17. Route of Elimination
18. Special patient population considerations? For example, elderly, pregnant women, children,
neonate, race, gender (male/female differences?)
19. Side Effects
Challenge Questions for Written Report
Address 2 of the following 3 questions in your written report.
Discuss as group – Write individually.
1. Are similar drugs are already available? If so, how is this one
believed to be “better” or “different”? Do the observations
support that conclusion?
2. What clinical trials demonstrated that this drug provided benefit
to the patient? Are you convinced?
3. What are limitations (“short-comings”) of the drug? How would
you improve the drug (or improve its usefulness)?
Group and Individual Effort
• Discuss all aspects of the assigned drug with your group members: You have >1
month to work on this project from Oct 16/17 to Nov30/Dec1.
• Teach one another what you have learned about the drug. It is in your own best
interest that the entire group truly understands everything about this drug.
• Value of a group setting: You are surrounded by people who are very familiar
with the assignment and know more about the specific drug than ANYONE
(including faculty).
• With discussion, the group can reach a unified interpretation of scientific facts. If
there is ambiguity or disagreement, that is fine – make note of the differences.
• Submit a written report of your own creation. Do not jointly write sections with
other students (copying) or claim interpretative work from others as your own
(plagiarism).
• Written Report Bottom Line: Discuss with group – Submit Individually
Organizing 7 Parts of Your Written Report
Strongly advise writing your report in Microsoft Word. Submit in PDF format.
Due Nov30/Dec1 by 11:59pm. Students should consider this assignment to be
a very formal report.
1. Cover page
2. Summary (1-2 lines summarizing the entire report)
3. Introduction and Background: Lay the groundwork for why this new drug
exists. Probably 1-2 paragraphs.
4. Scientific Information: See next slide.
5. Challenge Questions: See prior slide.
6. Concluding statement
Several sentences summarizing key/unique features of the drug and
why this provides benefit to patient over prior therapy.
Quick answer (“elevator speech”) to the question: “Why should we care?”
7. List information sources/References/Citations; any Appendix information.
Organizing Part 4 of Written Report, Slide 1 of 2
Part 4. Scientific Information
• Give the relevant scientific information (the 20 requested items).
• Tabular or text format; likely both.
• With each scientific “fact”, make sure you give your interpretation.
Don’t simply list “pKa = 8.4”.
You should write “The pKa of the benzylic amine
marked in Figure X is 8.4, so at blood pH of 7.4, there will be 90%
protonated form (Figure Y) and 10% deprotonated form (Figure Z).”
• Illustrations with figure legends are likely to be helpful.
• This is the largest part of the document. Anticipate 5-10 pages – maybe
less or more.
Organizing Part 4 of Written Report, Slide 2 of 2
4. Scientific Information
• Don’t simply “cut-and-paste” from Wikipedia or Drugbank.
• “The internet is a great place to begin your study; it is a terrible place to
end your study.”
• You will likely need to use professional resources, such as PubMed,
MicroMedex, PubChem, or SciFinder, to get detailed, scientificallysupported and reviewed, information about recently approved drugs.
• Do not use unsubstantiated internet commentary or anecdotes.
• Reference to “primary” literature is preferred over secondary resources:
An example of a primary citation:
Coover, Robert A., et al. “Tonic ATP-mediated growth suppression
in peripheral nerve glia requires arrestin-PP2 and is evaded in
NF1.” Acta Neuropathologica Communications 6.1 (2018): 1-15.
The following format is NOT an acceptable citation:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14521331
What to do first? Here are 5 Suggestions.
1. Introduce yourselves to your peer group members. Exchange e-mail addresses.
2. Go to FDA web page: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/new-drugs-fda-cders-new-molecularentities-and-new-therapeutic-biological-products/novel-drug-approvals-2023
Or search FDA approvals and the year you are looking at.
Ie:
https://www.fda.gov/drugs/new-drugs-fda-cders-new-molecular-entities-and-new-therapeuticbiological-products/novel-drug-approvals-2022
3. Go to the drug web page. Usually is www.BRANDNAME.com
. 4. Read the “package insert” (also called “prescribing information”).
5. Wikipedia: an initial guide, but all facts MUST be independently confirmed.
Functioning Within a Group
Each person in the group should …
• Listen to different viewpoints.
• Create an “all of us are smarter than one of us” mentality.
• Don’t divert from the main goal (try not to get off-track).
• Don’t be a jerk to other students.
Consider selecting a “point-person”. This might be a leadership position.
This person might “organize”. For example, during the Oral Presentation
portion of this assignment, the “point-person” might report first.
Oral Presentation Skills
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Don’t use slides with too many bullet points.
Make sure the audience knows who you are: either state your name or give name on slide.
Eye contact. Look at audience.
Smile, or at least look pleasant (don’t be a sourpuss).
Dress so that people will concentrate on your words, not your attire:
Either extreme can be distracting: ripped T-shirt versus suit-and-tie
Speak clearly; Slow is better than Fast.
Spoken language is different from written language – simpler.
Know your material/Do your homework
Practice/Do a dry run (set a timer)
Use aids – PowerPoint slides.
Bring water regardless of whether you think you’ll need it.
Welcome interruptions. Repeat the question, if needed.
Too much walking around the podium is distracting.
Monitor the time – this is also the point-person’s responsibility.
bad posture
Keep in mind the needs of the audience.
Think about back-up plan for unexpected challenges (computer crashes, student gets sick).
Finish strong with a 1-sentence “take-away”.
Don’t read 100% from notes. Don’t overdo the joke slides.
Oral Presentations: Advice
A maxim about oral presentations: Tell the audience what you are going to
tell them. Then tell them. And finally, tell them what you just told them.
Think about previous professors: good/bad oral presentations; good/bad
powerpoint slides. Emulate the Good; Avoid the Bad.
Organizing Oral Presentations by Your Group
One common strategy:
First Speaker #1: Introduce the drug;
Announce topics of the following
speakers; Expand on a 1st aspect.
Speaker #2: Expand on a 2nd aspect
Speaker #3: Expand on a 3rd aspect
Speaker #4: Expand on a 4th aspect.
Final Speaker: In addition to contributing new
material, the final speaker should summarize
what previous speakers 1-3 said. There should
be some concluding/take-away message.
Font
Other Terms for Muscarinic Antagonists
anticholinergics
antimuscarinics
cholinergic blockers
antispasmodics
parasympatholytics
Bold 36
Regular 28
Regular 24
Regular 20
Regular 18
Regular 16
Mac Vs. PC
• Mac and PC transfer sometimes occurs with
simple errors.
• The presentation computer is a PC computer.
• Students should
a) view their presentation in advance on a PC computer to see any
font/format changes.
or b) present from a PDF file.
• Presentation from Google Docs frequently encounters log-in/security
issues (because students are logging in from a foreign computer).
Amount of Material Per Slide
Nicotine
Nicotine: Poisonous and addictive
Color and Contrast
GOOD
BAD
Dark on Light
Dark on Dark
Light on Dark
Light on Light
Go for Contrast: Text should be the opposite of background.
Colorblindness
red, green fade
yellow, blue, black,
grey remain
Fancy Effects
•
•
•
•
1 or 2 special effects can help draw attention.
Your audience must be watching if you want them to see the effect.
More than 1 or 2 effects are likely to be distracting.
Bottom Line: Use sparingly, or don’t use at all.
Concept “Build” Slides
Atorvastatin is a drug used
for lowering cholesterol.
Brand name Lipitor.
Concept “Build” Slides
Atorvastatin is a drug used
for lowering cholesterol.
Brand name Lipitor.
Atorvastatin has a polar
section in its atomic
structure.
Concept “Build” Slides
Atorvastatin is a drug used
for lowering cholesterol.
Brand name Lipitor.
Atorvastatin has a polar
section in its atomic
structure.
Atorvastatin has a
hydrophobic section in its
atomic structure.
Arrows
Judicious use of arrows can
help focus audience
attention on key points of
complicated slides.
Arrows
Too many arrows!
Less is More
Zen Garden
Use of Complicated/Big Words
“The drug promoted temporal and repetitive
instances of intense pruritus”
“the drug makes you itch … a lot.”
Instructions for the Group Presentation
✓ MUST DO ITEM FOR ORAL PRESENTION: Your first slide must have a)
name of drug, b) date of oral presentation, c) Lab #7, MedChem PBS 7010,
d) name of group members.
✓ The group should organize the 4-5 presenters to convey a cohesive story. If
you have too much content, select most interesting/important material.
✓ Some content overlap between speakers is acceptable, but 2 speakers
should not deliver the same scientific information (i.e., 2 speakers should not
talk about how CLog P calculation was done and interpreted).
✓ If the group is using a PowerPoint slide presentation, provide the file several
minutes in advance of start-time to download onto the presentation computer.
✓ A copy of all presentation documents (slides) used during the oral
presentation must be submitted to Blackboard, within 24 hours following the
oral presentation. Fix any minor errors. All students will be able to review
these documents at a later date.
Miscellaneous Information
• Lab coats not required.
• Recommended that you go to the auditorium in advance to familiarize
yourself with the environment.
• Every group member must contribute to the oral presentation. An
approximate time for each student might be 5-10 minutes.
• Aim for a 25-30 minute total presentation.
• Students will be graded individually on their oral presentations
(scientific content and presentation ability).
• Attendance on all presentation days is required.
FRED WILSON SCHOOL OF PHARMACY &
CONGDON SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES
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