Description
During the informative speech, you will be informing us about any topic that you choose. Your main points are up to you and your speech topic. You can have 2-4 main points. 150 points or 15% (Speech=100 points & Outline= 50 points)Speech presentation should be 4-5 minutes. If you are over or under the time limit, I will deduct points. It’s important to practice with a timer. Outline should be submitted on Canvas following the same outline format posted on Canvas (outline format)Download outline format)Credibility statement is required, telling us why you are credible enough to speak about the topic you chose (in your introduction, after the preview)3 sources required (MLA style works cited page required, can also be APA style)Must have 3 oral citations in your speech and 3 in-text citations in your outline for the same 3 sources (just one for each source you used for a total of three not six!). At least 1 presentation aid is required (chapters 19-20)The purpose of the speech is to inform your audience (see chapter 22 for types of informative speeches, etc.)For help with selecting a topic, please see chapter 7.You will submit your outline only to me on Canvas and post your speech video in a discussion forum for your classmates to also view. You can have a speaking outline on paper or notecards to use during your speech but please practice enough so you can make eye contact with the camera. DO NOT READ your notes the entire time! Also, DO NOT READ from your screen. You should be making direct eye contact with your audience (the camera). DO NOT cite Wikipedia as a sourcePost your topic and main points in the appropriate forum on Canvas.
Unformatted Attachment Preview
Outline Format
Introduction
I.
Attention getter
II.
Thesis Statement
III.
Preview (order of main points)
IV.
Credibility Statement (required for Informative & Persuasive)
(Transition)
Body
I.
Main point #1
A. Supporting point
B. Supporting point
(Transition)
II.
Main point #2
A. Supporting point
B. Supporting point
(Transition)
III.
Main point #3
A. Supporting point
B. Supporting point
(Transition)
Conclusion
I.
Review (order of main points)
II.
Summarize overall theme (can restate thesis)
III.
Conclude with a memorable and creative thought
Works Cited
(list of sources/bibliography in MLA or APA style)
Title: High Heels
Introduction:
I.
II.
III.
IV.
When you think of high heels, what do you think of?
High heels come in different shapes, sizes, and colors so each design has its own way of
showcasing one’s confidence, personality, and interests.
Today, I will be talking about the history of high heels, the different types of heels, and
the pro’s and con’s of wearing heels.
I am credible to give this speech today because of the vast amount of research that I have
done, and because I absolutely love shopping for a new pair of heels.
(I will begin by talking about a brief history of high heels.)
Body:
I.
Interestingly, “high heels were originally designed for men, worn by men, and actually
taken away from men by women” (Wright).
A. Heels were intended to be an instrument of war, rather than one of fashion
(Wright).
B. In fact, “Christian Louboutin wasn’t the first to use red soles as a status symbol,
either: Louis XIV, King of France, beat him to it by over three centuries”
(Robertson).
(Now that you have learned about where high heels originated from, I am going to tell you about
the different types of heels.)
II.
As surprising as it sounds, there are at least thirty different styles of heels.
A. However, to keep it simple and understandable, the three basic categories for
heels are high, mid, and low type heels.
B. Just to name a few, there are kitten heels, stilettos, wedge heels, block heels, and
unique heels such as the comma heel.
(Finally, I will inform you of a few of the pro’s and con’s that come with wearing high heels.)
III. Although high heels are a fun and bold way to make fashion statements, there are some
major health risks that can occur if an individual consistently wears them.
A. They give shape to your calf muscles and elongate the look of legs to make you
appear longer and leaner.
B. According to an article by Best Health, the chiropodist Stephan Hartman argued
that “heels that are two inches or higher propel the body forward, point the foot
downward, and reduce the foot’s ability to flex and absorb shock leaving areas
like the knees and hip joints to pick up the slack, which can aggravate and
sometimes even cause arthritis” (“High Heels and Your Health”).
(In conclusion….)
Conclusion:
I.
II.
III.
Today I discussed the history of high heels, the different styles of heels, and the pro’s and
con’s of wearing heels.
High heels come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colors so each design has its own way
of showcasing one’s confidence, personality, and interests.
Hopefully, the next time you hear someone say that women created high heels to step all
over men, you can remember to tell them what high heels were first invented for.
Works Cited
“High Heels and Your Health.” Best Health Magazine Canada, 22 May 2014,
www.besthealthmag.ca/best-looks/style/high-heels-and-your-health/.
Robertson, Caisey. “Where Did High Heels Come From?” Mental Floss, BBC News Magazine,
4 Feb. 2013, mentalfloss.com/article/48672/where-did-high-heels-come.
Wright, Jennifer. “The Male-Dominated, Power-Hungry History of High Heels.” Racked,
Racked, 3 Feb. 2015, www.racked.com/2015/2/3/7997175/high-heels-history.
A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking
Sixth Edition
CHAPTER 7: Selecting a Topic
and Purpose
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Explore Topics for Your Speech
•
Methods
– Make an inventory of your expertise.
– Focus on social issues of consequence.
•
Pick a topic that
– You are drawn to;
– You want to know more about;
– Is current and relevant.
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Steer Clear of Overused and Trivial Topics
•
•
•
Stay away from overused topics.
Consider topics that yield fresh insights.
Beware of choosing highly charged topics.
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Try Brainstorming to Generate Ideas (1 of 3)
•
Brainstorming
– Ideas generated suddenly
– Ideas connected through word association, topic
mapping, and internet browsing
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Try Brainstorming to Generate Ideas (2 of 3)
•
Word association
–
–
–
–
–
Write down a single topic.
Write things that come to mind.
Continue until you have fifteen to twenty items.
Narrow the list.
Select the best topic.
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Try Brainstorming to Generate Ideas (3 of 3)
•
Topic (mind) mapping
– Write a potential topic on paper.
– Write down related ideas around it.
•
A topic map
– Allows you to visualize relationships;
– Spurs creative thinking.
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Identify the General Purpose of Your
Speech (1 of 4)
•
General speech purpose
– Answers the question, “What is my objective in speaking
on this topic to this audience on this occasion?”
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Identify the General Purpose of Your
Speech (2 of 4)
•
Three general purposes for a speech
– To inform or educate
– To persuade
– To mark a special occasion
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Identify the General Purpose of Your
Speech (3 of 4)
•
Inform or educate
– Increase the audience’s awareness
– Enhance understanding of the topic by
defining, describing, explaining, or demonstrating
•
Persuade
– Change audience attitudes, beliefs, or values
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Identify the General Purpose of Your
Speech (4 of 4)
•
Speech occasion often suggests a purpose
– To entertain, celebrate, commensurate, inspire, or set a
social agenda
– Speech could be an introduction, acceptance,
or after-dinner speech, a eulogy, or
a roast and toast
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Refine the Topic and Purpose
•
•
•
•
Consider what the audience already knows.
Consider what aspects are most relevant.
Pick a discrete topic category.
Restrict your main points.
– Should be between two and five
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Narrow Your Topic
•
Brainstorming can help narrow your topic.
– Brainstorm by category.
– Use an online subject directory.
– Browse through related subtopic links.
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Form a Specific Speech Purpose
•
Specific speech purpose
– Is what you want listeners to learn, do, reconsider, or
agree with;
– Is specific to your aim;
– Is stated in action form;
– Is seldom articulated in the speech itself.
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Compose a Thesis Statement
•
Thesis statement (central idea)
–
–
–
–
Theme of the speech
Stated in a single, declarative sentence
Expresses what you attempt to demonstrate
Must be clearly stated
▪
Entire speech rests on it
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking
Sixth Edition
CHAPTER 19: Speaking with
Presentation Aids
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Presentation Aids
•
Benefits
–
–
–
–
Help listeners process information
Project an image of professionalism
Can spark interest
Can make a speech memorable
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Select an Appropriate Aid
•
Types of presentation aids
– Objects and models
– Pictures, graphs, and charts
– Audio, video, and multimedia
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Props and Models (1 of 2)
•
Prop
– Can be inanimate or live object
– Captures audience’s attention
– Illustrates or emphasizes key points
•
Model
– 3D, scale representation of an object
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Props and Models (2 of 2)
•
When using a prop or model
– Keep it hidden until time for use;
– Make sure it is large enough;
– Practice your speech using it.
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Pictures
•
•
Two-dimensional representations
Examples:
–
–
–
–
Photographs and posters
Line drawings
Diagrams (schematic drawings)
Maps
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Graphs, Charts, and Tables (1 of 6)
•
Graphs
– Represent relationships among things
– Line graph
▪
▪
Points connected by lines
Demonstrates how something changes
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Graphs, Charts, and Tables (2 of 6)
•
Graphs
– Bar graph
▪
▪
▪
Uses vertical or horizontal bars of varying lengths
Compares quantities or magnitudes
May be arranged vertically or horizontally
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Graphs, Charts, and Tables (3 of 6)
•
Graphs
– When creating line and bar graphs
▪
▪
▪
Label both axes;
Start the numerical axis at zero;
Compare only like variables
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Graphs, Charts, and Tables (4 of 6)
•
Graphs
– Pie graph
▪
Depicts division of whole into slices.
– When creating pie graphs
▪
▪
Use no more than seven slices;
Represent and identify values accurately.
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Graphs, Charts, and Tables (5 of 6)
– Pictogram
▪
Picture symbols illustrating relationships and trends
– When creating pictograms
▪
▪
▪
Clearly indicate what it symbolizes;
Make all pictograms the same size;
Label the axes.
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Graphs, Charts, and Tables (6 of 6)
– Chart
▪
Visually organizes complex information compactly
– Flowchart
▪
Shows a process or procedure
– Table (tabular chart)
▪
Systematically groups data in column form
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Audio, Video, and Multimedia (1 of 2)
•
Audio
– Short recording of sounds/music/speech
– Can enliven certain presentations
•
Video
– Movie, television, other recording instruments
– Introduce, transition into, and clarify points
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Audio, Video, and Multimedia (2 of 2)
•
Multimedia
–
–
–
–
Combines still, sound, video, text, data;
Requires much more planning;
Requires familiarity with presentation software;
Can be used for digital storytelling.
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Options for Showing Presentation Aids
•
Computer-generated aids and displays
– Use LCD panels, projectors, DLP projectors.
•
Chalkboards and whiteboards
– Use for impromptu explanations.
– Do not rely too heavily on these.
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Options for Displaying Presentation Aids
•
Flip charts
–
–
–
–
–
Large pads of paper.
You can prepare in advance.
You can write/draw as you speak.
Flip pages as you progress.
Leave every other page blank.
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking
Sixth Edition
CHAPTER 20: Designing
Presentation Aids
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Keep the Design Simple (1 of 2)
•
Follow the six-by-six rule:
– Limit to six words per line.
– Limit to six lines per slide.
•
When using text
– Use active verb form;
– Use parallel grammatical structure.
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Keep the Design Simple (2 of 2)
•
Create concise titles that
– Tell viewers what to look for;
– Reinforce your message.
•
Allow plenty of white space.
– Provides “visual breathing room”
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Use Design Elements Consistently
•
•
•
Follow consistent design decisions for presentation
aids.
Consistency helps prevent distraction.
Use consistent design elements in each aid.
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Select Appropriate Typeface Styles and
Fonts (1 of 3)
•
Typeface
– Specific style of lettering
– Available in many fonts (point sizes)
– Two major categories
▪
▪
Serif (include small flourishes)
Sans serif (more blocklike/linear)
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Select Appropriate Typeface Styles and
Fonts (2 of 3)
•
Check lettering for legibility:
– Take audience’s distance into consideration.
– Avoid using all caps.
•
•
Lettering should stand out from background.
Use an easy-to-read typeface.
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Select Appropriate Typeface Styles and
Fonts (3 of 3)
•
Use standard upper- and lowercase type.
– Easier to read than all capitals
•
•
no more than two complementary typefaces.
Use boldface, underlining, and italics sparingly.
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Use Color Carefully (1 of 2)
•
Used effectively, color can
– Set the mood of a presentation;
– Make things easier to see.
•
Poor color choices can
– Set the wrong mood;
– Render images unattractive or unreadable.
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Use Color Carefully (2 of 2)
•
•
Keep background color on slides consistent.
Limit use to two or three colors.
– Use contrasting colors.
Copyright © 2019 Bedford/St. Martin’s. All rights reserved.
Consider Subjective Interpretations of Color
•
•
•
Colors can evoke distinct associations.
Avoid summoning unintended meanings or moods.
Consider cultural meanings of colors.
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