Description
Task One – Journal Article Section 1
a) Examine the contextual factors of an international organisation. (AC 1.1)
b) Assess the drivers and benefits of employment in an international context. (AC 1.2)
c) Explain convergent or divergent approaches to inform people management policy and practice
choices. (AC 1.3)
Section 2
a) Evaluate the function of people practice in an international context. (AC 3.1)
b) Consider the practices and policies that are shaped by the international context. (AC 3.2)
Section 3
a) Evaluate the factors to be considered when selecting and resourcing for international
assignments. (AC 2.1)
b) Explain why people practices can vary across international boundaries. (AC 2.2)
c) Evaluate the cultural and institutional differences to be considered when managing international
people practice. (AC 2.3) Task Two – Presentation Pack
a) Evaluate the reasons that companies use expatriates for international working. (AC 4.1)
b) Explain the process for selecting, preparing, and managing expatriates for overseas relocation for
work. (AC 4.2)
c) Explain how people practice can support re-entry and resettlement of overseas workers. (AC 4.3) minimum 15 references. + intext refrences word count should be as mentioned in the file no more no less
Unformatted Attachment Preview
Level 5 Associate Diploma
5OS04
People Management in an International
Context
Learner Assessment Brief
Level 5 Associate Diploma in
People Management
Level 5 Associate Diploma
5OS04
People Management in an International
Context
This unit is designed to give those practitioners working in people management in an international
context the opportunity to focus on the complexities and considerations essential to this.
CIPD’s insight
Multinational companies are moving towards greater integration in how they organise themselves
globally, motivated by the potential to exploit cross-national differences in business. Modern
multinationals are seeking a more flexible form of global integration.
https://www.cipd.co.uk/knowledge/strategy/organisational-development/thought-pieces/globalintegration
Organisational culture is an important concept for the people profession. The work of HR, L&D and
OD influences and is influenced by organisational culture because every organisation is made up of
human relationships and human interactions. Culture is therefore central to the role of the profession
and must be managed and developed accordingly.
https://www.cipd.co.uk/knowledge/culture/working-environment/organisation-culture-changefactsheet
Organisations need to take targeted action as part of their D&I strategies, recognising that inclusion is
relevant to everyone in the business. Indeed, research suggests that there are five areas where action
needs to be taken:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
employee behaviour
line manager capability
senior leadership
policies and wider people management practices
organisational culture, climate, and values.
And, organisations must consider the broader picture; inclusion is more than simply ‘including’
diversity – it is about individual experience and work, and creating a positive environment in which
everyone can influence, share knowledge, and have their perspectives valued.
https://www.cipd.co.uk/knowledge/fundamentals/relations/diversity/building-inclusiveworkplaces
Level 5 Associate Diploma
Key Resources
www.cipd.co.uk/knowledge/strategy/resourcing/international-talent-factsheet
www.cipd.co.uk/knowledge/culture/working-environment/international-culture-factsheet
www.cipd.co.uk/knowledge/strategy/resourcing/international-factsheet
www.cipd.co.uk/knowledge/journals
Level 5 Associate Diploma
Case study
You are the HR manager for Terra-Wide, an International Property Development company.
Terra-Wide has long demonstrated particular success in the remit of its people management in an
international context, and is widely respected among peer organisations.
Having gained this reputation, People Management magazine has approached Terra-Wide to offer
the opportunity to have an article published by them about this area of people management.
As the HR manager, you have been tasked with writing said article.
In addition, an invitation has been extended to a group of People Management magazine
contributors, to visit the HR headquarters for a presentation, which you will create.
Preparation for the Tasks:
▪
Refer to the indicative content in the unit to guide and support your evidence.
▪
Pay attention to how your evidence is presented, remember you are working in the People
Practice Team for this task.
▪
Ensure that the evidence generated for this assessment remains your own work.
You will also benefit from:
▪
Reflecting on your own experiences of learning opportunities and training and continuing
professional development.
▪
Reading the CIPD Insight, Fact Sheets, and related online material on these topics.
▪
You should relate academic concepts, theories, and professional practice to the
assessment task(s), in a critical and informed way, and with reference to key texts, articles
and other publications.
Don’t forget to:
▪
Complete the front cover sheet, sign with a “wet signature” and place at the front of your
assessment.
▪
Use the bullet points below each task as headings and sub-headings so your marker can see
where your answer begins.
Level 5 Associate Diploma
Task One – Journal Article
You are required to write an article for People Management magazine, sharing the experience and
expertise of your company. This must contain information on people practice from an international
perspective, the importance of people practice in an international context, and the challenges of
people practice in an international context. The article should be formal in style.
The article can be broken down into three sections:
Section 1
a) Examine the contextual factors of an international organisation. (AC 1.1)
b) Assess the drivers and benefits of employment in an international context. (AC 1.2)
c) Explain convergent or divergent approaches to inform people management policy and practice
choices. (AC 1.3)
Section 2
a) Evaluate the function of people practice in an international context. (AC 3.1)
b) Consider the practices and policies that are shaped by the international context. (AC 3.2)
Section 3
a) Evaluate the factors to be considered when selecting and resourcing for international
assignments. (AC 2.1)
b) Explain why people practices can vary across international boundaries. (AC 2.2)
c) Evaluate the cultural and institutional differences to be considered when managing international
people practice. (AC 2.3)
Your evidence must consist of:
▪
Journal Article (2,900 words)
Level 5 Associate Diploma
Task Two – Presentation Pack
You are required to create a presentation pack – with slides and presenter notes – covering the
process and the benefits of managing expatriates. The slide content and presenter notes should be
formal in style.
The presentation pack should:
a) Evaluate the reasons that companies use expatriates for international working. (AC 4.1)
b) Explain the process for selecting, preparing, and managing expatriates for overseas relocation for
work. (AC 4.2)
c) Explain how people practice can support re-entry and resettlement of overseas workers. (AC 4.3)
Your evidence must consist of:
▪
Presentation Pack – slides and presenter notes (1,000 words)
Level 5 Associate Diploma
Assessment Criteria Evidence Checklist
Use this as a checklist to make sure that you have included the required evidence to meet the
tasks and assessment criteria. Please enter the evidence title and where it can be referred to.
An example has been provided for you.
Task 1 – Journal Article
Assessment criteria
1.1 Examine the contextual factors of
an international organisation.
1.2 Assess the drivers and benefits of
employment in an international
context.
1.3 Explain convergent or divergent
approaches to inform people
management policy and practice
choices.
3.1 Evaluate the function of people
practice in an international
organisational context.
3.2 Consider the practices and policies
that are shaped by the international
context.
2.1 Evaluate the factors to be considered
when selecting and resourcing for
international assignments.
2.2 Explain why people practices can vary
across international boundaries.
2.3 Evaluate the cultural and institutional
differences to be considered when
managing international people
practice.
Evidenced
Y/N
Evidence reference
Journal Article, Section 1, a)
Level 5 Associate Diploma
Task 2 – Presentation Pack
Assessment criteria
4.1 Evaluate
the
reasons
that
companies use expatriates for
international working.
4.2 Explain the process for selecting,
preparing, and managing expatriates for
overseas relocation for work.
4.3 Explain how people practice can support
re-entry and resettlement of overseas
workers.
Evidenced
Y/N
Evidence reference
Presentation Pack, a)
Level 5 Associate Diploma
Assessment Grading
The grid below shows the range of results you could achieve based on total number of marks
awarded across all assessment criteria.
To pass the unit assessment you must achieve a 2 (Low Pass) or above for each of the
assessment criteria.
The overall result achieved will dictate the outcome you receive for the unit, provided
NONE of the assessment criteria have been failed or referred.
You will either receive a Pass or a Fail from the CIPD once the work has been moderated. The
bandings below are used to indicate if your work is sitting at a low pass, pass, or high pass.
Overall mark
Unit result
0 to 21
Fail
22 to 28
Low Pass
29 to 35
Pass
36 to 44
High Pass
Level 5 Associate Diploma
Marking Grid
Mark Range
1
Fail
Descriptor
Insufficient demonstration of knowledge, understanding or skills (as
appropriate) required to meet the AC.
Insufficient examples included, where required, to support answers.
Presentation and structure of assignment is not appropriate and does
not meet the assessment brief.
2
Low Pass
Demonstrates an acceptable level of knowledge, understanding or
skills (as appropriate) required to meet the AC.
Sufficient and acceptable examples included, where required, to
support answers.
Required format adopted but some improvement required to the
structure and presentation of the assignment.
Answers are acceptable but could be clearer in responding to the task
and presented in a more coherent way.
3
Pass
Demonstrates good knowledge, understanding or skills (as
appropriate) required to meet the AC.
Includes confident use of examples, where required, to support each
answer.
Presentation and structure of assignment is appropriate for the
assessment brief.
Answers are clear and well expressed.
4
High Pass
Demonstrates a wide range and confident level of knowledge,
understanding or skill (as appropriate).
Includes strong examples that illustrate the point being made, that link
and support the answer well.
Answers are applied to the case organisation or an alternative
organisation.
Answers are clear, concise, and well argued, directly respond to
what has been asked.
The presentation of the assignment is well structured, coherent and
focusses on the need of the questions.
Includes clear evidence of the use of references to wider reading to
help inform answer.
Harvard Referencing Guide
Contents
Overview
P2
1.
What is Referencing?
P3
1.1.
P3
2.
Harvard Referencing
Why Should I Reference?
P4
2.2.
P4
Why use Harvard Referencing?
3.
What Should I Reference?
P5
4.
How Do I Write a Reference List?
P6
4.1.
Books and reports
P7
4.2.
Journal Articles
P9
4.3.
Websites
P13
4.4.
Newspapers
P14
5.
6.
4.5. TV Programmes and Broadcasts
P14
How Do I Write an In-text Citation?
P16
5.1. Referring to or paraphrasing a source
P16
5.2. Directly quoting a source
P17
What is a Bibliography?
P18
Overview
When you begin your research for any assessment, it is important you record all
the information you find. The best way of avoiding plagiarism is to understand how
to Harvard Reference and what makes a well-constructed assessment.
This guide introduces you to Harvard Referencing. The purpose of this document
is to provide an overview of what referencing is, what you should reference, how
to reference different sources and how to write a reference list and Bibliography,
using Harvard Referencing.
Please look to follow the advice below.
Your CIPD Tutors
1. What Is Referencing?
When you begin your research for any assessment, it is important you record all the information
you find. When writing an assessment, you may need to refer to another document written by
another author and to avoid all potential plagiarism claims, or malpractice, we recommend that
you use referencing to signify the elements in your work that have been produced by someone
else.
Referencing covers all material that is included in your piece of work that wasn’t created by you
or doesn’t belong to you, and that could include a wide array of source materials including, but
not limited to, textbooks, journals, websites, videos etc.
There are a number of accepted systems for referencing that you could be asked you to use in
assessments, but there is a general consensus in education that the Harvard referencing
system is the acceptable academic standard that should be used in assessments.
1.1 Harvard Referencing
The origins of Harvard referencing system can be traced back to Edward Laurens Mark (18471946), Hersey Professor of Anatomy and Director of Harvard’s Zoological Laboratory. In 1881,
Mark published a paper on the common garden slug and on page 194 of that paper appears a
parenthetic author-year citation accompanied by an explanatory footnote, the first known use
of the referencing system.
The Harvard system includes author-year information in the main body of the assessment text,
along with a full alphabetical list of resources used throughout the assessment at the end of
the document usually with title “Reference List” or “Bibliography”.
Harvard is a style of referencing, primarily used by university students, to cite information
sources. We would ask you to use Harvard Referencing in your assessments. Two types of
citations are included:
In-Text Citations
These are used when directly quoting,
summarising or paraphrasing a source. They
are in the body of the work and contain a
fragment of the full citation.
Depending on the source type, some Harvard
Reference in-text citations may look
something like this:
Roberts (2020) suggests the chief cause of
plagiarism is uncertainty about how to cite
sources
Reference / Bibliography Lists
Reference Lists are located at the end of the
work and display full citations for sources
used in the assessment.
Here is an example of a full citation for a
book found in a Harvard Reference list:
Roberts, T. (2020) Avoiding Plagiarism,
2nd ed. Boston: Charles River Media.
2. Why Should I Reference?
It is important to reference your work because:
•
Authors have a right to have work they have written credited to them, (cited).
•
If you do not reference material it is presumed you are claiming it as your own and if it
is discovered (through Turnitin or an equivalent originality checking package) that it has
been written by someone else then you may be accused of plagiarism and your work
will be deemed unfit to mark and you may face discipline and further punishment.
•
When your tutor is marking your work they will want to review the materials you are
quoting and if you have correctly quoted your references it will make material easy for
them to find.
✓ There are a number of referencing formats but the Harvard referencing format is
the accepted post-graduate format in most universities and therefore has an
established and recognised pedigree.
✓ Once of the strengths of Harvard referencing is that it provides information clearly
in the reference, and the system makes it easy to give full credit to the original
author for their work, that you have used in your piece of work, in the reference list
at the end of the document and at the exact moment you mention their work in your
assessment. In addition, anyone reading your work will be able to trace the sources
you have used in the development of your work.
✓ Your referencing throughout your assessment and examinations should remain
consistent so if you stick to only one accepted format you will maintain consistency.
3. What Should I Reference?
When writing your assessments, referring to the sources you have used is a requirement.
Sources may include, books, journal articles, websites, newspapers, or any other reputable
resource you have used to research and understand the content your assessment requires you
to write about.
You should provide references or in-text citations when you are:
•
paraphrasing or summarising someone else’s work, theories or ideas.
•
directly quoting from the text of another work.
•
using an idea from someone else’s work.
•
indirectly referring to the text of other works.
•
using tables, diagrams or figures from other sources.
When you are writing an assessment you should use referencing in the text of your
assessment, which is referred to as an in-text citation.
You should then build a reference list/page which includes the details of all sources that you
have cited or directly referred to in your assessment, with these sources arranged in
alphabetical order by authors surname.
Finally, you might include a Bibliography, which is an alphabetical list of all the resources you
have read, including those that you did not directly mention in your assessment i.e. your
background reading.
4. How Do I Write a Reference List?
A reference list is your list of all the sources you have been cited in the assessment. The
list is inclusive showing books, journals, websites:
•
The list should be in alphabetical order by author/editor.
•
Your reference list contains all the items you have cited or directly quoted from.
•
When you have used more than one piece of work by the same author, in your
reference list, you should list the words in date order (beginning with the most recent
published work) and label .
The way you reference is different for each type of source you use. This section of the guide
will be broken down into different types of sources, guidance will be provided on how to
reference for each source. This will allow you to build your reference page.
Example of a reference list:
BURKEMAN, O. (2012) The antidote: happiness for people who can’t stand positive
thinking. Edinburgh: Canongate.
CORFIELD, T. (1998) An evaluation of the introduction and application of personal
development plans at Commercial Union. [Unpublished MSc dissertation]. Sheffield: Sheffield
Business School.
DEPARTMENT FOR WORK AND PENSIONS. (2006) Security in retirement: towards a new
pensions system. [London]: DWP.
GRAYLING, A.C. (2002) The meaning of things: applying philosophy to life. London: Phoenix.
PINK, D. (2010) Drive: the surprising truth about what motivates us. Edinburgh: Canongate.
4.1. Books and Reports
When referencing a book or a report, the pieces of information you need and the order for
referencing is:
1. Authors(s) or editor(s) or organisation(s) responsible for writing or completing the book or
report.
2. Year of Publication.
3. Title and sub-title.
4. Edition, if not the first.
5. Place of publication.
6. Publisher.
Referencing a book should look like this:
Last name, First initial (Year published). Title. Edition. (Only include the edition if it not the first
edition) City Published: Publisher.
To reference a book or report, follow the step-by-step guide below:
Step 1 – Authors(s) or editor(s) or organisation(s) responsible for writing or completing
the book or report.
Write the surname first, followed by the initial.
For example
•
If there is only one author; Stewart, B.
•
If there is more than one author; Stewart, B. Edward, H. Morton, B.
•
If there are four or more authors: Stewart, B. et al.
Step 2 – Year of Publication
The year of publication is the year the book was published. Once the author or editors of the
book’s name have been written, add in the year of publication like this:
For example
•
Stewart, B. (2019)
•
Stewart, B. Edward, H. Morton, B. (2019)
Step 3 -Title and sub-title
Once the year of publication has been added, add the title and subtitle. The title and subtitle
must be written in italics.
For example
•
Stewart, B. (2019) Human Resource Management; HRM in Context.
•
Stewart, B. Edward, H. Morton, B. (2019) Human Resource Management; HRM in
Context.
Step 4 – Edition
Once the title and subtitle has been added, add in the edition. You only need to include the
edition, if the book is not the first edition.
For example
•
Stewart, B. (2019) Human Resource Management; HRM in Context. 3rd Edition.
•
Stewart, B. Edward, H. Morton, B. (2019) Human Resource Management; HRM in
Context. 3rd Edition.
Step 5 – Place of publication
Next, add in the place of publication.
For example
•
Stewart, B. (2019) Human Resource Management; HRM in Context. 3rd Edition.
Oxford.
•
Stewart, B. Edward, H. Morton, B. (2019) Human Resource Management; HRM in
Context. 3rd Edition. Oxford.
Step 6 – Publisher
Once the place of publication has been added, add in the name of the Publisher.
For example
•
Stewart, B. (2019) Human Resource Management; HRM in Context. 3rd Edition.
Oxford; Oxford University Press
•
Stewart, B. Edward, H. Morton, B. (2019) Human Resource Management; HRM in
Context. 3rd Edition. Oxford; Oxford University Press
When referencing a book, remember:
✓ Always cite the author(s) surname in the form in which it appears on the title page.
✓ Sometimes the author is an organisation or government department. This is known
as a corporate author. Always cite the corporate author(s) in the form in which it
appears on the title page. E.g. CIPD
✓ Put “no date” when the publication date is not available.
✓ Always use italics for the title.
✓ Always cite the title which appears on the title page – sometimes this is different from
what appears on the cover.
✓ Always give the full title, including any sub-title information which should appear after
a colon e.g. Human Resource Management; Recruitment and Selection.
✓ If you cannot find the place of publication on the document but you know where the
publisher/body is based it is customary to put the place in square brackets: – [London]
4.2. Journal Article
When referencing a Journal Article, the pieces of information you need and the order for
referencing is:
1. Name of Author(s).
2. Year of publication.
3. Title and sub-title.
4. Title of journal.
5. Volume and issue number.
6. Pages numbers of the article.
Referencing a journal article should look like this:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article title. Journal, Volume (Issue), Page(s).
If the article is online, the reference will look like this:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article Title. Journal, [online] Volume (Issue), pages.
Available at: URL or website [Accessed: E.g. 28/08/2020].
To reference a Journal Article, follow the step-by-step guide below:
Step 1 – Author(s)
Write the surname first, followed by the initial.
For example
•
If there is only one author; Anderson, J.
•
If there is more than one author; Steven, B. Hendry, K. Knight, G.
Step 2 – Year of Publication
The year of publication is the year the journal article was published. Once the author or editors
of the article’s name have been written, add in the year of publication like this:
For example
•
If there is only one author; Anderson, J. (2020).
•
If there is more than one author; Steven, B, Paul, J. Hendry, K. Knight, G. (2020).
Step 3 -Title and sub-title
Once the year of publication has been added, add the title and subtitle. The title and subtitled
must be written in italics:
For example
•
If there is only one author; Anderson, J. (2020) ‘Performance Management’, Human
Resources in Practice.
•
If there is more than one author; Steven, B, Paul, J. Hendry, K. Knight, G. (2020)
‘Performance Management’, Human Resources in Practice.
Step 4 – Volume and Issue Number
Once the titles and subtitle has been added, add in the volume and issue number:
For example
•
If there is only one author; Anderson, J. (2020) ‘Performance Management’, Human
Resources in Practice. Vol. 34 (2)
•
If there is more than one author; Steven, B, Paul, J. Hendry, K. Knight, G. (2020)
‘Performance Management’, Human Resources in Practice. Vol. 34 (2)
Step 5 – Pages numbers of article
Next, add in page numbers.
For example
•
If there is only one author; Anderson, J. (2020) ‘Performance Management’, Human
Resources in Practice. Vol. 34 (2), pp 175-194.
•
If there is more than one author; Steven, B, Paul, J. Hendry, K. Knight, G. (2020)
‘Performance Management’, Human Resources in Practice. Vol. 34 (2), pp 175-194.
If you have accessed an online article, remember to add in the URL or website (Available at:
URL or website [Accessed; E.g. 28/08/2020].
For example
•
If there is only one author; Anderson, J. (2020) ‘Performance Management’, Human
Resources in Practice. Vol. 34 (2), pp 175-194. Available at;
www.humanresourcesjournals/performancemanagement [Accessed. 11th November
2020].
•
If there is more than one author; Steven, B, Paul, J. Hendry, K. Knight, G. (2020)
‘Performance Management’, Human Resources in Practice. Vol. 34 (2), pp 175-194.
Available at; www.humanresourcesjournals/performancemanagement [Accessed.
11th November 2020].
When referencing a Journal Article, remember:
✓ Always cite the author(s) in the form in which it appears in the article.
✓ In the Harvard system the year of publication appears after the name of the author.
✓ Always use italics for the title of the journal.
✓ Always give the full reference to the item including volume, part number and/or month
and year.
4.3 Websites
When referencing a website, the pieces of information you need and the citation order for
referencing is:
1. Name of Authors.
2. Year.
3. Title (in Italics).
4. Publisher.
5. Web address.
6. Date Accessible.
Referencing a website, should look like this:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article Title. Journal. Publisher. Available at: URL or
website [Accessed: E.g. 17/02/2019].
For example
•
CIPD Staff. (2014). Employment law developments in 2013 and 2014.
Available: http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/employment-lawdevelopments.aspx#link_0. [Assessed 30th July 2014].
When a website doesn’t list a specific author, you can usually find a corporate author to list
instead. This is the organisation responsible for the source:
For example, in this case the corporate author would be Google 2020
•
Google (2020) Google terms of service. Available at:
http//policies.google.com/terms?hl=en-US. [Accessed: 11th May 2020].
When referencing a website, remember:
✓ When a source doesn’t list a specific date of publication, replace it with the words ‘no
date’ in both in-text citation and the reference list.
✓ When a website doesn’t list a specific author, find a corporate author to list instead.
✓ Write the title in Italics.
✓ Include the date you accessed the website.
4.4. Newspapers
When referencing a newspaper, the pieces of information you need and the citation order for
referencing is:
1. Write the Authors(s) name (if there is no authors name, do not include).
2. Year of Publication.
3. Title of the article.
4. Name of Newspaper.
5. Date article published.
Example articles with authors
•
PEACOCK, L. (2013) Premier Inn to create 500 apprenticeships, Telegraph. 14
March.
•
PERLROTH, N. (2013) Researchers find 15 counties using surveillance software.
New York Times. 13 March.
Example articles with no authors
•
Civil servants may transfer to private sector. (2013) Irish Times. 26 July.
•
Howlin faces public battle as unions reveal guarantee. (2012) Irish Independent. 1
June.
4.5. TV Programmes and Broadcast
You may be researching a topic by watching a TV Programme or listening to a radio show that
covers your topic of investigation. If the information is relevant is it possible to include these in
your assessment too.
When referencing a TV Programme and Broadcast, the pieces of information you need and the
citation order for referencing is:
1. The name of the TV Programme/Broadcast.
2. The Year.
3. Title of Programme/Broadcast.
4. Date of Programme/Broadcast.
5. Link to the Broadcast and date accessed.
The reference should look like this:
BBC (2019). Question Time with David Dimbleby – 26th May 2019.
Http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/epoisde/b07ctqxv/question-time. [Accessed on 27/06/2019].
5. How Do I Write an In-text Citation?
There are a number of rules relating to citations depending on the number of authors of
authors of work, and if you are citing a quotation.
The year of publication is given after the name if the author:
5.1. Referring to or paraphrasing a source
When you discuss or refer to a source in the body of your assessment, you should cite the
source in the following way:
If citing one author
•
In a recent report (Taylor, 2002) it was suggested that..
If citing more than one author
•
In a recent report (Taylor and Brown, 2002) it was suggested that…
•
In a recent report (Taylor et al, 2002) it was suggested that…
Where you need to cite more than one work published in the same year by the same
author, you can indicate this as follows
•
In a recent report (Taylor 2002a).
•
In a recent report (Taylor 2002b) etc.
Citing an image/illustration/table/diagram/picture/figure
•
Table illustrating a checklist of information for recruitment and selection methods (Pears
& Shields, 2019, p.21).
•
‘Recruitment and Selection Map’ (Matthews et al., 2010, p135).
Referencing at the end of a paragraph
•
Effective performance management relied on both formal and informal process. It
involves planning, reviewing objectives, setting objectives to business plans and setting
measure of success (Walker, 2015).
5.2. Directly quoting a source
When using a direct quote the pieces of information you need, and the citation order is:
1. Name of Author (Surname, Initial).
2. Year of Publication.
3. Page number.
For example
•
“Equality is the state of being equal”. Said George (Gray, A., 2018, p.20).
If you wish to directly quote the content of a document, the page number(s) should be
included after the date and separate by a comma
•
In a recent report (Taylor and Brown, 2002, p236) it was stated that “…..”
•
In a recent report (Taylor and Brown, 2002, pp, 246-238) it was stated that “…..”
When quoting a discussion in in your text citation from a TV Programme or Broadcast
•
“As stated by the Deputy Prime Minister during BBC Question Time (2019)….”
6. What is a Bibliography?
A bibliography is a detailed list of references cited in your work, plus background readings or
other materials that you may have read but not actually cited.
The items should be in alphabetical order by author and laid out in the same way as items in
your reference list.
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