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Carbohydrates PS
CHM 5180
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1. Which of the following is not a function of carbohydrates?
a. They are major energy sources.
b. They play key roles in processes that take place on the surface of cells.
c. They are used in structural roles.
d. They are catalytic components of enzymes.
2. In a Fischer projection, which chiral carbon determines whether the sugar is the D- or the L-isomer?
a. highest numbered carbon atom
b. lowest numbered asymmetric carbon atom
c. lowest numbered carbon atom
d. highest numbered asymmetric carbon atom
Exhibit 16B
A carbohydrate Fischer projection.
3. Refer to Exhibit 16B. The carbohydrate shown is
a. a monosaccharide
b. a ketose.
c. a hexose.
d. all of these
e. none of these
4. Refer to Exhibit 16B. The carbohydrate shown is
a. the D isomer.
b. the L isomer.
c. both D and L.
d. neither D nor L.
e. It’s impossible to tell from a picture which isomer this is.
5. Refer to Exhibit 16B. Which of the following figures represents the Haworth projection of the
carbohydrate shown?
a.
c.
b.
d.
6. For the anomer of a D-sugar, the anomeric hydroxyl in a Haworth projection
a. has an upward projection (on the same side as the terminal CH2OH group).
b. has a downward projection (on the opposite side from the terminal CH2OH group).
c. may be either up or down, it depends on the individual sugar.
d. is non-existent; anomers are a consideration only in Fischer projections.
7. Diastereomers are
a. mirror-image, nonsuperimposable stereoisomers.
b. non-mirror-image, nonsuperimposable stereoisomers.
c. stereoisomers with one or more double bonds.
d. none of the above.
Exhibit 16A
8. Refer to Exhibit 16A. The enantiomer of D-glucose is:
a. D-Fructose
b. D-Glucose
c. L-Glucose
d. L-Idose
e. D-Galactose
9. Refer to Exhibit 16A. Epimers of D-Glucose include:
a. D-Fructose and L-Glucose
b. D-Glucose and L-Glucose
c. L-Glucose and L-Idose
d. L-Idose and D-Galactose
e. L-Glucose and D-Galactose
10. Refer to Exhibit 16A. Diastereoisomers of D-Glucose include all of these, except:
a. D-Fructose
b. L-Glucose
c. L-Idose
d. D-Galactose
e. All of these are diastereoisomers of D-Glucose.
11. The and forms of the same sugar are called
a. anomers.
b. diastereoisomers.
c. enantiomers.
d. epimers.
e. none of these
12 A pyranose is a sugar that
a. contains a five-membered ring as part of its cyclic structure.
b. contains a six-membered ring as part of its cyclic structure.
c. is a five-carbon open-chain sugar.
d. is a six-carbon open-chain sugar.
13. A furanose is a sugar that
a. contains a five-membered ring as part of its cyclic structure.
b. contains a six-membered ring as part of its cyclic structure.
c. is a five-carbon open-chain sugar.
d. is a six-carbon open-chain sugar.
14. Two samples containing identical mixtures of sugars are analyzed, one using Tollen’s reagent, the
other with glucose oxidase. Which will give a stronger reaction?
a. Tollen’s reagent
b. glucose oxidase
c. They will have identical strengths.
d. It’s impossible to predict from the information provided.
15. The conversion of a sugar’s carbonyl to an alcohol is
a. a reduction reaction.
b. an oxidation reaction.
c. a glycosidic reaction.
d. impossible.
16. When monosaccharides are bonded together
a. one H2O molecule is lost for each new link formed.
b. oligosaccharides are formed by combining a few monosaccharides.
c. polysaccharides are formed by combining many monosaccharides.
d. all of these
17.Which of the following best describes the glycosidic bond in the disaccharide shown?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
(1−4)
(1−4)
(2−4)
(2−4)
None of the above.
18.Common table sugar is
a. glucose
b. fructose
c. sucrose
d. maltose
e. lactose
19. The following sugar is also called milk sugar:
a. Fructose
b. Glucose
c. Lactose
d. Sucrose
e. Maltose
20. Glycogen is
a. polysaccharide storage polymer found in plants
b. a linear polysaccharide
c. a highly branched polysaccharide found in animals
d. a synthetic sugar substitute
21. Glycolysis
a. does not require O2 to generate energy.
b. requires O2 to generate energy.
c. is inhibited by O2.
d. rate is increased in the presence of O2.
22. In humans, pyruvate can be converted to
a. acetyl-CoA only.
b. lactate only.
c. ethanol only.
d. acetyl-CoA and lactate.
23. During anaerobic metabolism in yeast, the carbons of glucose end up in
a. CO2.
b. ethanol.
c. lactic acid.
d. both CO2 and ethanol.
e. all of these
24. When humans consume ethanol, the first step in its metabolism is:
a. conversion to lactate
b. conversion to acetaldehyde
c. conversion to acetone
d. production of fat
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