Description
*Use material from previous CAPSTONE assignments that you’ve helped me with for this Assignment (See Attachment*)
In Discussion Forum 4, post your response to the following discussion question. Reply to the classmates’ response.
State your thesis or hypothesis. Then, briefly describe the arguments in favor of your view and how you have considered counterarguments (alternative positions). If there are particular sources you wish to note on this, please share them. Upon posting, be sure to provide feedback to your classmates on their significant key findings and interpretation.
HERE IS THE CLASSMATE RESPONSE THAT NEEDS A REPLY:
Classmate #1- Miranda
Problem statement:
The accelerating rates of sea level rise (SLR) pose a challenge for coastal communities, particularly those in the Western Gulf of Mexico, where localized factors compound with global trends. Despite all-inclusive studies highlighting the global mechanisms of sea level changes, the specific regional influences triggering the accelerated rates in this area remain misunderstood. The projected implications of this rapid regional SLR over the coming decades lack comprehensive exploration, creating the need for in-depth research to shed light on the complex causes, consequences, and adaptation strategies required for proper response to SLR in the Western Gulf of Mexico.
The severity of SLR in the Western Gulf is caused by a combination of global sea level rise and regional factors. Global sea level rise is a result of warming atmospheric temperatures, which warm sea surface temperatures and cause glaciers to melt. This increases the average global volume of water in the oceans and causes the sea levels to rise globally. In the Western Gulf, both climate variability and anthropogenic forces contribute to local relative sea level rise at alarming rates. This region experiences what is called the Loop Current, a weather system that originates in the Yucatan channel and drives upward in a clockwise loop until it reaches the Northern Gulf, where it sheds a ring of water that forcibly flows into the east coast of Texas, raising sea levels. In addition, population growth and groundwater withdrawal in Texas have caused significant land subsidence (sinking) over the last several decades, which inherently cause sea levels to appear higher than they are, relative to land height.
These contributors have led to a slew of consequences for the region’s coastal communities, and they will continue to intensify over the next few decades. Coastal erosion, flooding, saltwater intrusion of freshwater sources and wetlands, and damage to ecosystems are implications that the region already experiences because of SLR.
The grey area of my research became apparent when searching for case studies of adaptation strategies from different coastal regions around the world. In Texas, the Ike Dike is proposed as a coastal barrier infrastructure in Galveston. Its benefits are only projected to outweigh cost in the short-term, so stakeholders are not willing to fund it, yet. This seemed to be a common theme after finding one comprehensive literature review by Lebbe et al. (2021) that synthesized real world examples of different strategies, namely managed retreat, coastal barriers/protection, proper governance, territorial solidarity, and pathway analysis. Each of these strategies included examples of countries who have attempted these solutions to the problem of global and/or regional SLR, but the problem is, only a handful of them yielded successful results. Managed retreat seems to be the best option, but oftentimes it is costly. This is addressed in the paper as sort of a counterargument – the reality that while these adaptation strategies sound great, the benefit must outweigh the cost in order for stakeholders to invest in mitigating harm to the communities.
Further research needs to be conducted to test the value of the proposed adaptation strategies in congruence with the region’s rapidly rising sea level, especially in long-term scenarios. There is a significant gap in research surrounding analysis of governance structures and policy frameworks at different levels (local, regional, and national) for SLR adaptation. Understanding the institutional barriers, policy coherence, and governance challenges is essential for effective adaptation planning and implementation.
Literature review referenced:
Lebbe, T., Rey-Valette, H., Chaumillon, É., Camus, G., Almar, R., Cazenave, A., Claudet, J., Rocle, N., Meur-Férec, C., Viard, F., Mercier, D., Dupuy, C., Ménard, F., Rossel, B. A., Mullineaux, L., Sicre, M.-A., Zivian, A., Gaill, F., & Euzen, A. (2021). Designing Coastal Adaptation Strategies to Tackle Sea Level Rise. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.740602
The rest of the information in this is my general knowledge of the situation since learning about it through this research. I didn’t feel it needed to be cited detail by detail for this discussion, but correct me if I am wrong.
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Access Disparities to Mental Health Resources in Low-Income Communities
Malcolm Thomas
Thomas Edison State University
Liberal Arts Capstone
12/17/23
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Access Disparities to Mental Health Resources in Low-Income Communities
Introduction
In low-income communities across the United States, access disparities to mental health
resources present significant challenges. These disparities are entrenched in various socioeconomic factors, such as shortages of mental health professionals, financial barriers, limited
infrastructure, and cultural stigmas (Amin & Goswami, 2019). They form a complex web that
impedes the availability and accessibility of essential mental health services. The intersection of
economic hardships and mental health exacerbates the situation, where individuals in these
communities often find themselves navigating a landscape marked by scarcity and inadequacy.
This paper aims to delve into the challenges surrounding access to mental health resources in
these communities.
Background and Rationale
The reported disparity in mental health care accessibility between low-income and
higher-income regions is the backdrop for this study. Although there is a strong correlation
between economically challenged locations and poor mental wellness results, low-income groups
do not have equal access to essential resources (Kariisa et al., 2022). The rationale for choosing
this topic lies in the urgent need to understand why this disparity exists and to identify potential
solutions. As someone committed to a career in Mental/Behavioral Health counselling,
addressing this issue aligns with the professional goals of fostering equitable mental health care.
Personal Interest
My interest in this issue stems from the first-hand knowledge I have obtained working in
the mental/behavioral health field for the past 20 years. Observing the difficulties that people in
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low-income neighborhoods encounter inspires me to add to the conversation about how to
improve mental wellness results for these marginalized groups.
Relevance to Professional Life
Exploring the access gaps to mental health resources in low-income communities holds
profound relevance to my professional life. It directly aligns with the pursuit of a career in
Mental/Behavioral Health counseling, providing an opportunity to contribute meaningfully to the
field by addressing a prevalent issue affecting vulnerable populations.
Key Words
Keywords may encompass mental health, low-income communities, access disparities,
mental health resources, socioeconomic factors, and mental health outcomes.
Purpose of the Paper
The paper aims to examine the current issue of low-income populations’ restricted use of
mental wellness resources. The goal is to comprehend the underlying causes, consequences, and
possible remedies for this problem. Policymakers, anybody interested in advancing mental
wellness equity, and professionals in the field may be among the target demographic. My voice
is that of a knowledgeable activist, working to highlight differences and promote constructive
change.
Key Points and Main Questions
1. How did the problem of limited access to mental health resources in low-income
communities come about?
2. What are the effects of inadequate mental health services on individuals in economically
disadvantaged areas?
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3. What best should be done to improve access to mental health resources in low-income
communities?
Preliminary Problem Statement
A notable discrepancy in getting mental illness care exists between low-income and
higher-income populations. This paper aims to investigate the causes of this issue, how it affects
mental health outcomes, and offer workable ideas for building a fairer mental health support
system.
Summary
This paper will examine the difficulties associated with low-income populations’
availability of resources for mental wellness. The main goals are comprehending the issue and its
implications and developing workable remedies. By focusing on these areas, the study hopes to
advance the mental/behavioral health counseling profession and promote a more readily
available system of mental wellness care for everyone.
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References
Amin, R., & Goswami, P. (2019). A Study on the Mental Health of Women in Rural Areas of
Assam.
Kariisa, M., Davis, N. L., Kumar, S., Seth, P., Mattson, C. L., Chowdhury, F., & Jones, C. M.
(2022). Vital signs: drug overdose deaths, by selected sociodemographic and social
determinants of health characteristics—25 states and the District of Columbia, 2019–
2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 71(29), 940.
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Access Disparities to Mental Health Resources in Low-Income Communities
I. Introduction
A. Several complicated socioeconomic variables, including a lack of mental health
specialists, financial obstacles, inadequate infrastructure, and cultural stigmas, contribute
to access gaps to mental health resources in low-income regions in the United States. The
purpose of this essay is to examine the difficulties these discrepancies present.
1. Challenges in Mental Health Resource Availability for Low-Income Communities.
2. Understanding the Link Between Economic Status and Mental Health Access.
3. Empowering Change.
II. Challenges in Mental Health Resource Availability for Low-Income Communities
A. Shortages of Mental Health Professionals
1. There are not many licensed mental health specialists in low-income communities.
2. Effect on residents’ capacity to obtain prompt and sufficient mental health care.
3. The difficulties legislators have in resolving the shortfall.
B. Financial Barriers
1. Due to financial difficulties, People cannot afford or seek mental health care (The
Cohen Veterans Network, 2022).
2. Differences in health insurance coverage and their effect on accessibility to mental
health services.
3. The function of government aid initiatives in reducing financial obstacles.
C. Limited Infrastructure and Cultural Stigmas
1. Inadequate mental health facilities and infrastructure in low-income communities.
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2. The influence of cultural stigmas on mental health-seeking behavior (Wainberg et al.,
2017).
3. Strategies to address infrastructure limitations and cultural perceptions.
III. Understanding the Link Between Economic Status and Mental Health Access
A. Disparity in Mental Health Care Accessibility
1. Correlation between economically challenged locations and poor mental wellness
outcomes (Knifton & Inglis, 2020).
2. Unequal access to essential mental health resources in low-income groups.
3. Insights from studies on the link between economic status and mental health access.
B. Rationale for Topic Choice
1. There is an urgent need to understand the origins of disparities and identify potential
solutions (Kariisa et al., 2022).
2. Alignment with the goals of fostering equitable mental health care in the
Mental/Behavioral Health counseling field.
3. Personal and professional motivation to contribute meaningfully to the discourse.
C. Personal Interest
1. First-hand experience in the mental/behavioral health field over the past 20 years.
2. Observations of challenges faced by individuals in low-income neighborhoods.
3. Dedication to improving mental wellness outcomes for marginalized groups.
IV. Empowering Change
A. Alignment with the pursuit of a career in Mental/Behavioral Health Counseling:
1. The program offers specialized courses that align with the skills and knowledge
required in Mental/Behavioral Health Counseling.
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2. Practical experiences gained from internships enable students to apply academic
principles in real-world counseling contexts.
3. Networking opportunities with mental health specialists and practitioners facilitate
the transition from academic research to professional practice (Happell et al., 2022).
B. Opportunities to contribute meaningfully by addressing prevalent issues in vulnerable
populations:
1. To prepare students to work with various people, especially those in vulnerable areas,
the curriculum strongly emphasizes developing a thorough awareness of varied
populations.
2. The practical approaches for dealing with problems, including trauma, addiction, and
mental health inequalities in marginalized communities, are the main focus of
fieldwork and case studies (World Health Organization, 2022).
3. Group discussions and cooperative projects increase graduates’ cultural competency
knowledge, enabling them to interact with and assist customers from various
backgrounds.
C. The potential for a positive impact on mental health support systems in low-income
communities
1. Modules of community-based therapies and approaches to provide mental health
services in contexts with low resources are included in specialized coursework (Kohrt
et al., 2018).
2. Through community collaborations and outreach programs, students may get
involved and directly contribute to mental health efforts in low-income regions.
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3. The program’s focus on social justice and activism prepares graduates to be change
agents by supporting better mental health legislation and resources in marginalized
areas.
V. Conclusion
A. This study identifies critical challenges and proposes a transformative approach through
education, emphasizing the potential for positive change in mental health support systems
for marginalized communities.
1. Examination of challenges related to mental health resource access in low-income
populations.
2. Comprehension of underlying causes, consequences, and potential remedies.
3. Aim to advance the mental health counseling profession and promote a more
accessible mental wellness care system.
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Narrative
Scope of the project
The main goal of this study project is to examine how differently low-income
communities in the US have access to mental health resources. The principal objectives
encompass comprehending the underlying factors that contribute to restricted accessibility,
scrutinizing the ramifications encountered by people residing in economically deprived regions,
and putting forth feasible remedies to augment accessibility. The study thoroughly examines
several obstacles, including a lack of mental health specialists, budgetary constraints, inadequate
infrastructure, and cultural stigmas in low-income areas. The research question is formulated
using leading questions and important points to explore the problem’s historical evolution,
personal effects, and possible solutions. The scope is deemed appropriate as it allows for a
focused exploration of the factors contributing to the access disparities in mental health resources
without becoming overly broad. By delving into the identified challenges and proposing a
transformative approach through education and community involvement, the research aims to
contribute meaningfully to the discourse on mental health equity.
The Key Concepts
Several key concepts emerge in the pursuit of understanding and addressing access
disparities to mental health resources in low-income communities. The first concept is
“socioeconomic factors,” encompassing elements like shortages of mental health professionals,
financial barriers, limited infrastructure, and cultural stigmas. These factors create a complex
web hindering the availability of essential mental health services. The second concept is the
“correlation between economic status and mental health access,” indicating that individuals in
economically challenged areas face poor mental wellness outcomes and unequal access to crucial
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resources. The third concept involves “personal and professional motivation,” highlighting the
researcher’s commitment to a Mental/Behavioral Health counseling career and the urgent need to
understand and address disparities. Finally, the fourth concept is “community-based
interventions,” acknowledging the potential role of local initiatives in mitigating access gaps.
Collectively, these concepts form the foundation for researching, studying, and analyzing the
multifaceted issue of limited access to mental health resources in low-income communities.
Information Sources
In researching the disparities in mental health resource access in low-income
communities, I have primarily relied on scholarly articles and reputable sources to gather
comprehensive and reliable information. The references provided in the essay offer insights into
various aspects of the topic. The Cohen Veterans Network (2022) study and the Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report by Kariisa et al. (2022) contribute valuable data on the lack of access
as a root cause for the mental health crisis in the United States, emphasizing the financial barriers
faced by individuals in seeking mental health care. These sources highlight the immediate
relevance of financial obstacles in low-income communities, aligning with the essay’s
exploration of mental health resource availability challenges. The work of Knifton and Inglis
(2020) sheds light on the disparity in mental health care accessibility related to economic status,
offering insights into the correlation between economically challenged locations and poor mental
wellness outcomes. This information supports the section discussing the link between economic
status and mental health access.
In line with the essay’s consideration of inadequate infrastructure and cultural stigmas in
low-income areas, Wainberg et al. (2017) thoroughly analyze cultural stigmas and their effects
on behavior related to obtaining mental health care. The World Health Organization’s
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information sheet (2022) gives a worldwide outlook on mental health and puts the difficulties
encountered in low-income areas in further context. This source broadens the understanding of
mental health disparities and supports the essay’s goal of identifying potential remedies and
advancing mental health care. The article by Happell et al. (2022) is essential for discussing
strategies for implementing expert-by-experience positions in mental health academia,
reinforcing the empowerment of change aspect in the essay, particularly regarding pursuing a
career in Mental/Behavioral Health Counseling.
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References
Happell, B., Donovan, A. O., Warner, T., Sharrock, J., & Gordon, S. (2022). Creating or taking
opportunity: Strategies for implementing expert by experience positions in mental health
academia. Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing, 29(4), 592-602.
Kariisa, M., Davis, N. L., Kumar, S., Seth, P., Mattson, C. L., Chowdhury, F., & Jones, C. M.
(2022). Vital signs: drug overdose deaths, by selected sociodemographic and social
determinants of health characteristics—25 states and the District of Columbia, 2019–
2020. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 71(29), 940.
Knifton, L., & Inglis, G. (2020). Poverty and mental health: policy, practice and research
implications. BJPsych bulletin, 44(5), 193-196.
Kohrt, B. A., Asher, L., Bhardwaj, A., Fazel, M., Jordans, M. J., Mutamba, B. B., … & Patel, V.
(2018). The role of communities in mental health care in low-and middle-income
countries: a meta-review of components and competencies. International journal of
environmental research and public health, 15(6), 1279.
The Cohen Veterans Network. (2022, November 17). Study reveals lack of access as root cause
for mental health crisis in America. National Council for Mental
Wellbeing. https://www.thenationalcouncil.org/news/lack-of-access-root-cause-mentalhealth-crisis-in-america/
Wainberg, M. L., Scorza, P., Shultz, J. M., Helpman, L., Mootz, J. J., Johnson, K. A., … &
Arbuckle, M. R. (2017). Challenges and opportunities in global mental health: a researchto-practice perspective. Current psychiatry reports, 19, 1-10.
World Health Organization. (2022, June 17). Mental health. World Health Organization
(WHO). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-
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response/?gclid=Cj0KCQiAhcsBhCEARIsAOVwHuRYg7KKB967385889Rz7vwmRisuwGK3ngIWPWsSIdJiY0BsKSUcZrM
aAiqNEALw_wcB
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Literature Review
Malcolm Thomas
Thomas Edison State University
2023DEC Liberal Arts Capstone (LIB-4950-OL009)
1/10/24
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Introduction
Disparities in access to mental health resources are a major problem that plague lowincome communities all around the country. These differences, which have their roots in a
complicated network of socioeconomic variables, lead to a situation in which necessary mental
health care is neither easily accessible nor readily available. This issue intersects with economic
hardships, creating a scenario where individuals in these communities grapple with scarcity and
inadequacy in their pursuit of mental health care. As a future Mental/Behavioral Health
counselor, the urgency of addressing these disparities aligns with my professional commitment
to fostering equitable mental health care.
The reported discrepancies in mental health care accessibility between low-income and
higher-income regions provide the backdrop for this study. The connection between economic
challenges and poor mental wellness outcomes exists, but low-income groups do not enjoy equal
access to essential resources. Amin and Goswami (2019) emphasize the entrenched nature of
these disparities, attributing them to shortages of mental health professionals, financial barriers,
limited infrastructure, and cultural stigmas. The rationale for investigating this topic lies in the
imperative to comprehend the reasons behind these disparities and identify potential solutions.
My professional objectives of assisting in the realization of equal mental health treatment are
clearly aligned with this study. Examining important themes like geographic disparities,
racial/ethnic gaps, difficulties meeting the mental health needs of underserved populations,
unmet social needs, mental health literacy, and the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on mental
health, the literature review seeks to explore the difficulties associated with access to mental
health resources in these communities.
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Source Finding Analysis
In the pursuit of credible sources, I exclusively utilized databases provided by the New
Jersey State Library. The primary databases included Academic Search Complete-EBSCO,
Accessible Archives, and Alt Health Watch-EBSCO. These platforms were chosen for their
academic rigor, ensuring that the information gathered is reliable and relevant to the research
question. Keyword searches involved terms like “mental health disparities,” “prevalence of
mental health,” and “mental health in low-income communities.” The Academic Search
Complete-EBSCO database yielded the most effective results, offering a diverse range of peerreviewed articles and studies on the specific challenges faced by low-income communities in
accessing mental health resources.
I intentionally excluded general search engines like Google to maintain the scholarly
integrity of the sources. Specific words excluded were “opinion,” “blog,” and “news” to filter out
non-academic content. This filtering aimed to ensure that the information retrieved was highly
relevant and aligned with the research’s academic standards. The selection process involved a
meticulous evaluation of the sources. Criteria included the credibility of authors, publication
venues, and relevance to the research question. The chosen sources, including studies by Cohen
Veterans Network, Kariisa et al., Knifton and Inglis, Wainberg et al., and Happell et al., provided
a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted issue of mental health disparities in lowincome communities.
Adhering to ethical and legal standards, I respected copyright regulations and accessed
only authorized library databases. No confidential or proprietary information was used, ensuring
full compliance with legal restrictions. Throughout the research process, strict adherence to
ethical and legal standards was maintained. All selected sources were accessed through
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authorized library databases, guaranteeing compliance with copyright and licensing agreements.
The exclusion of proprietary information and confidential data further ensured alignment with
legal restrictions.
Themes
Geographic Disparities in Mental Health Facilities
The study by Cummings et al. (2017) reveals a significant geographical distribution of
mental health treatment facilities, with a higher likelihood of their presence in poorer
communities. This suggests that the backbone of specialty mental health treatment infrastructure
in low-income communities relies on treatment facilities. On the contrary, office-based practices
of mental health professionals tend to be more prevalent in higher-income communities.
Racial-Ethnic Disparities in Access
Cook et al. (2017) clarified the ongoing racial-ethnic differences in the availability of mental
health services. According to the report, these differences did not decrease between 2004 and
2012, and they instead grew worse for the black and Hispanic populations. The results highlight
the necessity of increased health insurance coverage, treatments, and legislative initiatives to
lower costs.
Challenges in Underserved and Disenfranchised Populations
Mongelli et al. (2020) concentrate on the difficulties encountered by marginalized groups,
including those who are homeless, incarcerated, suffer from serious mental illnesses, are drug
addicts, or are immigrants. In order to meet the specific requirements of these groups, the
assessment emphasizes the necessity of efficient community-based strategies like Housing First,
mobile outreach teams, and peer navigator programs.
Unmet Social Needs Impact on Mental Health
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Cole and Nguyen (2020) investigate the relationship between low-income persons’ access to
and quality of healthcare and unmet social needs. The results show a relationship between worse
treatment quality and access and greater levels of unmet social needs. Addressing social needs
inside and outside of healthcare settings is identified as crucial in mitigating these negative
effects.
Mental Health Literacy and Disparities
As indicated by Tambling et al. (2023), there is a shortage of mental well-being
administrations utilized, particularly for nervousness and despondency. As indicated by the
review, there is a relationship between a more noteworthy predominance of psychological
wellness issues and insufficient mental well-being education. The discussion underlines that it
means quite a bit to address psychological wellness education and the distinctions in its
socioeconomics to close the treatment hole among requirements and usage.
Impact of COVID-19 on Parents in Low-Income Communities
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on parents’ mental health in high-risk, low-income
locations is examined by Alonzo et al. (2022). The study highlights how parental stress and
mental health problems have gotten worse as a result of the pandemic’s increased financial costs
and disruptions to work and school.
Global Mental Health Implications of COVID-19
A thorough analysis of COVID-19’s effects on mental health in low- and middle-income
countries (LMICs) is given by Kola et al. (2021). The authors emphasize community-oriented
psychosocial approaches while discussing the pandemic’s effects, various national responses, and
the potential to reinvent global mental health.
Drug Overdose Deaths and Sociodemographic Characteristics
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The 2022 study by Kariisa et al. looks at drug overdose fatalities and the relationship
between sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors of health features and those deaths. The
study emphasizes how critical it is to understand the sociodemographic factors that affect the
death rate from drug overdoses and how these factors relate to mental health problems. The
Cohen Veterans Network study (2022) states that availability is a major factor in the prevalence
of mental health difficulties in the United States. It draws attention to the financial barriers that
those pursuing mental health treatment must get past and provides informative details on the
more general issue of the accessibility of mental health resources.
An overarching topic in the literature is the intersectionality of the problems low-income
communities experience. Geographic discrepancies highlight the uneven distribution of mental
health care, while racial and ethnic variances highlight persistent inequities. To address the
severe health inequalities that disadvantaged populations, such as those who are homeless or
jailed, endure, an emphasis on tailored therapies is required. Access to healthcare is found to be
significantly influenced by unmet social demands, underscoring the importance of addressing
social determinants both inside and outside of the healthcare system. The connection between
behavioral health outcomes and mental health literacy emphasizes the need for education and
awareness-raising efforts. The COVID-19 epidemic has revealed increased levels of stress,
exhaustion, and mental health issues in parents in low-income regions. Existing inequities have
been further highlighted and made worse by the current global crisis, making a comprehensive
and inclusive approach to mental health assistance necessary.
Although most of the evidence supports the presence of discrepancies, many remedies
have been suggested. While some studies stress community-based strategies and cutting-edge
models like Housing First programs, others call for legislative interventions and increased
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resources. Due to the complex nature of inequalities, a multimodal strategy that takes into
account community-specific needs as well as systemic problems is necessary.
Curiosity (Sources and Evidence)
My enthusiasm for tackling the unequal access to mental health resources in low-income
areas stems from my personal experiences as a health professional with two decades of expertise.
Observing the difficulties that people in these underprivileged neighborhoods encounter has
strengthened my resolve to contribute to the current conversation about improving mental health
outcomes for this susceptible population. This is a really relevant topic for my work life. My
professional goals are well aligned with the investigation of access gaps in low-income areas
since I am actively involved in mental/behavioral health counseling. By tackling a severe issue
that disproportionately impacts disadvantaged groups, it offers a concrete chance to have a
significant influence on the field.
During my quest for knowledge, I have seen research and data that highlight the
seriousness of the problem and the pressing need for focused responses. The abundance of
information about social, racial-ethnic, and geographic differences in mental health care access
supports my observations and strengthens my resolve to push for reform. In addition to
confirming my interest in the subject, this knowledge helps shape the concepts I am coming up
with to make a significant contribution to the field. A thorough and multidisciplinary approach is
necessary due to the multifaceted character of the issue, which is consistent with the complexity
of mental/behavioral health counseling.
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References
Alonzo, D., Popescu, M., & Zubaroglu Ioannides, P. (2022). Mental health impact of the Covid-19
pandemic on parents in high-risk, low income communities. International Journal of Social
Psychiatry, 68(3), 575-581
Amin, R., & Goswami, P. (2019). A Study on the Mental Health of Women in Rural Areas of
Assam.
Chow, J. C. C., Jaffee, K., & Snowden, L. (2003). Racial/ethnic disparities in the use of mental health
services in poverty areas. American journal of public health, 93(5), 792-797.
Cole, M. B., & Nguyen, K. H. (2020). Unmet social needs among low‐income adults in the United
States: Associations with health care access and quality. Health services research, 55, 873-882.
Cook, B. L., Trinh, N. H., Li, Z., Hou, S. S. Y., & Progovac, A. M. (2017). Trends in racial-ethnic
disparities in access to mental health care, 2004–2012. Psychiatric services, 68(1), 9-16.
Cummings, J. R., Allen, L., Clennon, J., Ji, X., & Druss, B. G. (2017). Geographic access to specialty
mental health care across high-and low-income US communities. JAMA psychiatry, 74(5), 476484.
Kariisa, M., Davis, N. L., Kumar, S., Seth, P., Mattson, C. L., Chowdhury, F., & Jones, C. M. (2022).
Vital signs: drug overdose deaths, by selected sociodemographic and social determinants of
health characteristics—25 states and the District of Columbia, 2019–2020. Morbidity and
Mortality Weekly Report, 71(29), 940.
Kola, L., Kohrt, B. A., Hanlon, C., Naslund, J. A., Sikander, S., Balaji, M., … & Patel, V. (2021).
COVID-19 mental health impact and responses in low-income and middle-income countries:
reimagining global mental health. The Lancet Psychiatry, 8(6), 535-550.
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Mongelli, F., Georgakopoulos, P., & Pato, M. T. (2020). Challenges and opportunities to meet the
mental health needs of underserved and disenfranchised populations in the United
States. Focus, 18(1), 16-24.
Tambling, R. R., D’Aniello, C., & Russell, B. S. (2023). Mental health literacy: A critical target for
narrowing racial disparities in behavioral health. International Journal of Mental Health and
Addiction, 21(3), 1867-1881.
The Cohen Veterans Network. (2022, November 17). Study reveals lack of access as root cause for
mental health crisis in America. National Council for Mental
Wellbeing. https://www.thenationalcouncil.org/news/lack-of-access-root-cause-mental-healthcrisis-in-america/
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