Description
Answer the below questions in a PowerPoint Presentation with a minimum of 6 detailed bullet point slides not including the title slide and the reference page slide. Brief bullet points or minimal information provided in the slides will result in the loss of points.
Assignment Questions:
How do contract towers differ from federal air traffic control towers (Chapter 5)?
Read the “Rethinking ATC Towers” article. What will remote towers offer airports? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the remote tower?
Provide a description and an example of one of the following airport terminal types: unit, linear, pier finger terminals, pier satellite, and remote satellite, hybrid, airside-landside, off-airport, and compare it to present-day airport terminal concepts.
The Airport Business Article “A Vision for the Next Generation of Passenger” explains the new innovations in airport terminal design. Describe a couple of the new innovations and if you have seen or experienced any of the innovations described.
Use proper APA citing (in-text) and references. Non-academic sources like wikipedia.org will not be accepted. An overly brief presentation will result in points lost.
Discussions will be held to the strictest professional standards, so watch your spelling and grammar; proofread your work! Use APA formatting for the text body and citations/works cited.
Read Chapter 5: Airspace and Air Traffic Management (page 141 – 168)
Read: Rethinking_ATC_towers.pdf
Klopf, M. (2018, Aug). Rethinking ATC towers. Airport Business, 32, 40-42. Retrieved from http://lynn-lang.student.lynn.edu:2048/login?
url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/2088841625?accountid=36334
Unformatted Attachment Preview
By Markus Klopf
Rethinking ATC towers
Frequentis
AIRTRAFFICCONTROL
Remote towers offer an
opportunity to build a
cost effective approach
to controlling air traffic
at various airports in
one centralized location.
Remote towers offer a new way for airports to address air traffic
without breaking the bank.
T
he ever-increasing need for efficiency and cost savings in the air traffic
domain are motivations for embracing safer and lower cost alternatives
like remote tower to reduce air traffic
delays and increase safety. In Europe,
remote towers are already a reality but in the
United States there are still steps to be taken.
40
airportbusiness
airb_40-43_AirTrafficControl-jp.indd 40
The concept of carrying out air traffic control
services from any location using a multitude
of local sensors, visual and infrared cameras
and surveillance solutions creates an exciting
opportunity to change the way air traffic is
monitored and managed. Advanced video
processing with machine intelligence such
as deep learning and artificial intelligence
makes airports of any size smarter. This
solution offers enormous potential in terms of
process optimization, utilization of resources
and functional synergies across multiple
airport locations.
August/September 2018
8/9/18 9:35 AM
Frequentis
AIRTRAFFICCONTROL
The concept of carrying out air traffic control services
from any location using a multitude of local sensors,
visual and infrared cameras and surveillance solutions
creates an opportunity to change the way air traffic is
monitored and managed.
INCREASED SAFETY, LOWER COSTS
In the United States, a number of aerodromes
are uncontrolled and operated as so-called “nontowered” airports while still receiving airline
services. Across the country services vary
from towered at major airports to non-towered
at smaller, regional ones with typically lower
traffic volume. Of the small airports that have
tower control, these will be served by federal
contract towers, approved by the FAA, and
then operated by private companies. The FAA
will only approve contract towers if the benefit
exceeds the costs. According to Reason.org, 189
operational contract towers risked being shut
down in 2013, however Congress approved
emergency funds from the FAA’s airport
grants program, allowing them to continue
operation. The 2017 article noted that there
were 16 small airports still on the waiting list
for control towers.
The truth is that a lot of smaller and regional
airports worldwide are frequently failing to
achieve profits and sometimes even operating
at a loss. This is driven by a mix of increasing
requirements and higher costs for staffing and
technical equipment. Increasing competition
from other airports or other modes of transport,
such as trains, put these locations at risk for
closure if the cost of operations cannot be
justified. Tightened state budgets in the
United States mean that the majority of publicly
owned airports are managed by arms-length
organizations that need to break even.
Here is where the argument for remote tower
really shows the benefit outweighing the cost.
Instead of the cost involved in constructing
and maintaining a tall, concrete, control
tower at the airport to house equipment and
controllers; with the remote tower concept a
number of high definition, infrared cameras
and communication technology just need
to be mounted on masts at the airport and
communicate to controllers in a remote tower
control facility that offers a panoramic display of
the airfield. Additionally, the idea that a number
of airports can be served and consolidated into
one remote tower center also offers additional
cost benefits. There will still be one controller
available for one airport, but the concept
increases the flexibility of staffing and will
help to make operations more efficient. In air
route traffic control centers, sectors are opened
and closed in line with traffic demand and
weather forecasts. We expect a similar concept
of operations (CONOPS) to be implemented in
the future for remote tower centers.
TRIED AND TESTED
Remote tower tests and validations around the
world, have already shown the increased safety
benefit of a remote tower center, providing
improved surveillance at night and in adverse
weather such as rain, fog or snow, thanks to
advanced infrared camera equipment, object
detection and tracking features. Recent FAA
testing at Virginia’s Leesburg Executive
Airport, to evaluate the safety and practicality
of the remote tower concept, noted particularly
that the cost of implementing a remote tower
August/September 2018
airb_40-43_AirTrafficControl-jp.indd 41
airportbusiness
41
8/10/18 9:39 AM
AIRTRAFFICCONTROL
was significantly less than doing a full stand-up
tower. Cost factors to consider with a full tower
include not only the tower construction itself
but also infrastructure such as roads and water.
Remote virtual tower solutions have already
been tested and are in use at airports with
complex ATC operations in Europe, safely
managing instrument flight rules (IFR) and
visual flight rules (VFR) operations from remote
locations. Frequentis has equipped the airport
of Saarbrucken, Germany with remote tower
technology, managing approximately 15,000
traffic movements per year for the Deutsche
Flugsicherung (DFS), and more airports will
follow. A contingency solution is currently being
installed at Jersey airport in the UK Channel
Islands to provide seamless ATC services at
any time, as well as continuity of service in
the event of a technical failure or evacuation.
In just the last few days a live example the
potential disruption a fire alarm in a tower
could cause occurred at Heathrow Airport.
A contingency remote tower solution might
have averted this level of disruption. At the
end of 2017, Airways New Zealand selected
the solution to demonstrate how the safety
and efficiency of tower ATC operations could
be enhanced with remote tower, including
improved visualization in bad weather and
extended hours of service at regional locations.
RESEARCH AND RELIABILITY
Although this topic is starting to gain support
in the United States, it still needs to be tested
and accepted to receive FAA certification. In
order to explore the topic further two private
and state government funded remote tower
projects are already under way, one at Leesburg,
Virginia and one at Fort Collins, Colorado. The
FAA has now budgeted to explore this topic
even further, setting aside $5 million from the
congress budget to begin a FAA remote towers
program, requiring the deployment of remote
towers to at least two additional airports.
FAA Associate Administrator for Aviation
Safety Ali Bahrami noted the inevitability
of remote towers at the MRO Americas
conference in Orlando in April, highlighting
that the challenge will be in providing the
same level of visibility and awareness as
physically sitting in the tower at the location.
Extensive research and implementation is
already ongoing worldwide and the FAA will
42
airportbusiness
airb_40-43_AirTrafficControl-jp.indd 42
have the opportunity to use those examples and
test those procedures in their own conditions.
Frequentis is active in the evolution of
remote and digital towers across the world,
through involvement in major programs such
as SESAR and FAA’s NextGEN, and by driving
standardization, e.g. via EUROCAE working
group 100.
What’s also important to take into account
with a remote tower visual representation of
an airfield is the critical need for consistent
and reliable network performance, ensuring
there is no interruption in voice/data transfer
or image quality. Many conventional networks
only react to total link loss or black-outs.
Technology is available that detects any
degradation in network performance, known
as brown-out detection and is then able to
compare other network conditions and reroute
network traffic, ensuring the service continuity
and performance required of an ATM-grade
network.
FUTURE EXPANSION
In Europe, the SESAR 2020 effort has taken
the remote tower solution a step further
by conducting two multiple remote tower
validations for three airports. The simulation
exercises were carried out at the DLR Air
Traffic Validation Center in Braunschweig,
Germany and show that it is possible for a
single air traffic controller to safely provide air
traffic control services remotely to more than
one airport. In a human-in-the-loop, real time
simulation, seven Hungarian civil and military
controllers managed up to 30 movements per
hour at three Hungarian airports, Budapest,
Papa and Debrecen.
DLR researchers and Frequentis human
factors experts assessed the controllers’ line
of sight, their perceived situation awareness,
workload and acceptance as well as efficiency
and safety while handling the various traffic
situations. This allowed for a review of the
overall operational feasibility of the concept,
as well as agree on the design of the controller
working position.
One possible future use with potential for
further efficiency increases, is the simultaneous
operation of multiple towers. Increased adoption
of remote tower technology and the digitalization
of operations has potential to enable ATC to
evolve with concepts such as machine learning.
Remote tower operations have also led
to new requests for legal audio and video
recording. As critical decision making starts
to take place on TV screens rather than a
In a safety-critical world, security
must be considered in the DNA
of all solutions. Without secure
communications and data
sharing, there is no safety.
controller’s line of sight a solution such as
Frequentis’ DIVOS would be a suitable add
on for remote tower, collecting and archiving
not only phone and radio communication, but
also capturing screens, giving operators and
investigators easy access to securely stored
information. This can not only aide incident
investigation, but also enable training activities.
In a safety-critical world, security must
be considered in the DNA of all solutions.
Without secure communications and data
sharing, there is no safety. Making all
information digital, including flight strips,
weather and traffic information, as well as
voice communication and images, paves the
way for further enhanced or new operational
concepts that will drive safety and efficiency,
allowing increased automation of tasks, better
usability, and in turn improved situational
awareness for controllers.
ABOUTTHEAUTHOR
Markus Klopf
Director, ATM
Markus Klopf, Director of Strategic
Marketing, ATM has 20+ years of
global business experience mixed
with a creative mindset to strive for
new solutions and a passion for strategic thinking and sustainability. He works within the
fields of in international B2B marketing and sales, creating innovation in air traffic management, and to create
a better world and is a regular speaker and moderator
at International industry conferences and events.
August/September 2018
8/9/18 9:35 AM
Reproduced with permission of copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without
permission.
Purchase answer to see full
attachment
