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The article that you must use has been attached for you. Here is also a link to the same article as well: https://www.scielo.br/j/rbme/a/gkKXSdRqffDnmMKZSHW…
Here is the citation for it:
Li, H. (2022). CORE STRENGTH TRAINING INFLUENCES BASKETBALL PLAYERS’BODY. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 28, 654-657.
Format of Article Review:
Write the source at the top of the page in APA format. Include a few parenthetical citations throughout your review. Use direct quotes sparingly. Only use a direct quote if the exact phrasing of the original material is crucial to your point and you are unable to paraphrase.
Answer these questions about the study, however, write your article review in paragraph format and do not include these questions as headings (again, use the Example Article Review as reference)
Provide an introduction to the study.
What is the research question/ purpose statement offered by the author(s)
Who were the participants? Include demographic items (age, gender, location, year in school, etc.)
What was the procedure? How was the study conducted? (Survey instrument? Interview? Historical/Archived data?)
What was the data analysis? Statistical methods used for quantitative? Methods used for qualitative?
What were the results/ findings?
What are the implications from the study? How do they relate to the current topic in physical education, administration, exercise science, or sport?
Attached is a sample article review to use. The sample contains two, for this assignment you only have to use 1.
Requirements: 1-2 Full Pages Times New Roman Size 12 Font Double-Spaced APA Format Excluding the Title and Reference Pages | .doc file
Please provide an answer that is 100% original and do not copy the answer to this question from any other website since I am already well aware of this. I will be sure to check this.
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Movement Skills in Children with Intellectual Disabilities: An Article Review
John B. Student
Department of Kinesiology, Graduate Physical Education Program, Azusa Pacific University
PE 580: Wellness and Fitness for Life
Dr. Susan B. Professor
November 14, 2021
Staples, K., & Reid, G. (2009). Fundamental movement skills and autism spectrum disorders.
Journal of Autism Developmental Disorders, 40, 209-217.
Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often demonstrate delays and deficits in
fundamental movement skills (Staples & Reid, 2009). Due to methodological limitations in past
studies, the authors’ purpose was to evaluate the movement abilities of male and female autistic
children who represent the entire spectrum.
Participants in the group with ASD included the following: 21 boys and 4 girls between
the ages of 9 and 12 years with 11 being diagnosed with autistic disorder; 12 with pervasive
developmental delay not otherwise specified; and 2 with Asperger disorder. These 25
participants also represented a full range of cognitive functioning based on full scale IQ (FSIQ)
ranging from 34 to 104 with an average IQ score of 63, with mental age equivalency ranging
from 3.9 to 10.7 years. There were three comparison groups matched to the ASD group based
on: a) chronological age; b) movement skill performance; and c) mental age equivalence. The
comparison group matched by chronological age included children between the ages of 9 and 12
years to use as a baseline to compare movement skills of typically developed peers. The second
group was also typically developed but included younger children whose ages were matched to
the movement skill age equivalency of each child from the ASD group. Since three of the
children from the ASD group scored below a 4-year old movement skill equivalency they could
not be included in this comparison category, therefore the second comparison group was
comprised of 22 children between the ages of 4.9 and 6.9 years. Participants in the third
comparison group were chosen based on mental age, whose chronological age is comparable.
Due to two of the scores from the ASD group being below school-age equivalence, those
participants were removed from further analysis of this group. This resulted in the third
comparison group being comprised of 19 typically developed children between the ages of 4.9
and 10.7 years (Staples & Reid, 2009).
The Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) was the survey instrument used to
collect data. The TGMD-2 is a standardized assessment measuring 12 fundamental movement
skills including locomotor skills and object control. Researchers chose the TGMD-2 because it
focuses on specific performance criteria rather than outcome of performance. Each skill on the
TGMD-2 includes up to five performance criteria and children are allowed two trials for each
skill. Children received one point based on the presence of each performance criteria or a zero
for the absence of each performance criteria. The sum of all the scores from each skill subtest is
the raw score, ranging from 0-48 with a higher score signifying higher proficiency. Staples and
Reid (2009) used a quantitative design in their research methods. Data analysis of the movement
skills were scored based on the TGMD-2 scoring guide which translates raw scores into age
equivalency. Mann-Whitney U analysis was used to compare the differences in the results from
the ASD group with the results from the three comparison groups (Staples & Reid, 2009).
Scores from the developmental equivalency group were closest to the scores of the ASD
group, which was the expected outcome. The scores from the mental age equivalency group had
significantly higher scores than the ASD group, but the chronological age group had the highest
scores resulting in the largest score discrepancy for any of the comparison groups when
compared to the scores of the ASD group. It was concluded by the authors that children with
ASD have considerably delayed movement skills compared to their typically developed peers
(Staples & Reid, 2009). This research relates to the current study by providing pertinent
information in regards to age appropriate developmental milestones that may be delayed for
individuals with ASD.
Frey, G., & Chow, B. (2006). Relationship between BMI, physical fitness, and motor skills in
youth with mild intellectual disabilities. International Journal of Obesity, 30, 861-867.
A common belief among health professionals is that individuals with intellectual
disability (ID) have a higher rate of obesity than the general population and also demonstrate
deficits in motor abilities (Frey & Chow, 2006). The purpose of this study was to determine the
rate of obesity among children with ID and if there is a relationship between motor proficiency,
physical fitness, and BMI among this population.
Participants included 477 males and 259 females between the ages of 6-18 years who
have mild intellectual disability (IQ range of 50-70). Individuals with a diagnosis of Down’s
syndrome, William’s syndrome, specifically autism, co-occurring conditions, and other physical
conditions such as cerebral palsy and congenital heart defects were excluded from participation
in this study. These conditions present physiological differences which could impact their ability
to participate in the testing, which would result in unreliable and unrepresentative data (Frey &
Chow, 2006).
Data collection started at the beginning of the school year with fitness testing being
conducted in the first three months and motor testing conducted the following three months.
Height and weight data used to determine BMI was retrieved from school records which were
updated at the start of the school year. Fitness testing included: a) 1-minute sit-up; b) isometric
push-up; c) sit and reach; d) 6-minute (ages 6-8 years) or 9-minute (ages 9-18 years) run/walk
test; and e) triceps and calf skinfold measures. Motor testing was assessed using the Test of
Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) to determine motor proficiency. The TGMD-2 includes
six locomotor skills and six object control skills. Each skill has three to five subtest items that
participants are scored on their ability to meet each performance criteria. If the performance
criteria was met, a score of one was recorded and if it was not met a score of zero was recorded.
Participants were scored based on their performance on two separate trials with a maximum
score of 48 points. The total score for each participant was their raw score, which was used for
analysis (Frey & Chow, 2006).
The methodological design was quantitative. Data analysis was completed using
ANCOVA to examine differences between participants’ classification of weight (obese,
overweight, and normal) based on BMI, with gender and age as covariates. Controlling for age
and gender researchers used Pearson correlations in order to calculate relationships between
variables. Participants with missing or incomplete data were excluded from data analysis which
resulted in 444 fitness testing participants and 244 motor testing participants. Researchers found
a strong correlation between BMI and skinfold measures. Most of the participants were
overweight and borderline obese, so the researcher combined these categories for further
analysis, which resulted in 20% of the participants categorized as overweight/obese. BMI was
not strongly correlated with the run/walk and push-up tests, and was not a factor in any of the
motor tests. Age and gender were the most accounted for in the following variables: a) 6/9minute run; b) push-up; c) object control; d) locomotor control; and e) sit-up. Results of the BMI
calculations showed that 20% of the sample population was obese compared to an estimated 14%
the general population being obese. Aerobic performance and muscular strength in individuals
with ID were negatively influenced by BMI when age and gender were controlled. Researchers
stated that it was difficult to determine whether BMI was a strong catalyst for motor performance
because the whole sample scored in the very poor category. Youth with ID have inferior motor
skills compared to youths without ID. This leaves room for several factors that could be
attributing to the differences in motor skills such as motor development, motor delays, lack of
movement opportunities, and physiological limitations (Frey & Chow, 2006).
Researchers concluded from these results that deficits in motor ability could influence
people with ID to be inactive, which leads to low fitness levels, sedentary behaviors, and obesity
(Frey & Chow, 2006). The information delivered in this study relates to the current research by
providing examples of motor and movement skill impediments that may influence the results of
the current study of motor skill acquisition and retention.
CORE STRENGTH TRAINING INFLUENCES BASKETBALL
PLAYERS’ BODY
A INFLUÊNCIA DO TREINAMENTO DE FORÇA DO CORE NO CORPO DE JOGADORES DE BASQUETE
LA INFLUENCIA DEL ENTRENAMIENTO DE LA FUERZA CENTRAL EN EL CUERPO DE LOS JUGADORES
DE BALONCESTO
Haoyang Li1
(Physical Education Professional)
1. Chengdu University of
Technology, Engineering &
Technical College, LeShan, China.
Correspondence:
Haoyang Li
LeShan, China. 614000.
[email protected]
Original Article
Artigo Original
Artículo Original
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Modern basketball is very competitive and enjoyable; it combines several factors. Basketball
requires specific physical characteristics such as high stature, which raises the position of the center of gravity,
making the stability angle smaller. This compromises stability, especially in sudden speed and direction changes, because it requires a large base opening. The core musculature is intimately involved with body balance;
however, there is a lack of studies verifying the impact of specific training of this region on balance in basketball
athletes. Objective: To explore the influence of core strengthening on the physical fitness of college basketball
players. Methods: 12 college basketball players were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an
experimental group. The experimental group performed core strengthening training, while the control group
practiced traditional strength training. After six weeks, physical fitness and basic skills were compared between
the groups. Data were statistically treated and discussed confronting the literature. Results: Basketball players in
the experimental group obtained higher fast dribbling passes and shots than before the experiment (P0.05); Basketball
players in the experimental group had higher fast dribbling passes and shots than the control group (P0.05). Conclusion: Core strengthening training can improve the physical fitness of college
basketball players. Evidence level II; Therapeutic Studies – Investigating the results.
Keywords: Resistance Training; Basketball; Exercise.
RESUMO
Introdução: O basquete moderno é muito competitivo e prazeroso, é uma combinação de vários fatores. O basquetebol exige características físicas específicas como a alta estatura, que eleva a posição do centro de gravidade,
tornando o ângulo de estabilidade menor. Isso compromete a estabilidade, principalmente nas mudanças repentinas
de velocidade e direção pois exige grande abertura de base. A musculatura do core está intimamente envolvida com
o equilíbrio corporal, entretanto faltam estudos verificando o impacto do treino específico dessa região no equilíbrio
em atletas de basquetebol. Objetivo: Explorar a influência do fortalecimento do core na aptidão física dos jogadores
universitários de basquete. Métodos: 12 universitários jogadores de basquete foram selecionados e aleatoriamente
divididos em grupo controle e grupo experimental. O experimental realizou treino fortalecimento do core, enquanto
o controle praticava treinamento de força tradicional. Após seis semanas, comparou-se a aptidão física e habilidades
básicas entre os grupos. Os dados foram tratados estatisticamente e discutidos confrontando a literatura. Resultados:
Os jogadores de basquete do grupo experimental obtiveram maiores passes rápidos de drible e arremessos do que
antes do experimento (P0,05); Os jogadores de basquete do grupo experimental apresentaram maiores passes e arremessos
de drible rápido do que o grupo controle (P0,05). Conclusão: O treino de fortalecimento do core
pode melhorar a aptidão física de jogadores universitários de basquete. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos – Investigação de resultados.
Descritores: Treinamento de Força; Basquetebol; Exercício Físico.
RESUMEN
Introducción: El baloncesto moderno es muy competitivo y divertido, es una combinación de varios factores. El
baloncesto exige características físicas específicas como la alta estatura, que eleva la posición del centro de gravedad,
haciendo que el ángulo de estabilidad sea menor. Esto compromete la estabilidad, sobre todo en los cambios bruscos
de velocidad y dirección, porque exige una gran apertura de la base. Los músculos del core están íntimamente implicados con el equilibrio corporal, sin embargo, faltan estudios que verifiquen el impacto del entrenamiento específico
de esta región sobre el equilibrio en los deportistas de baloncesto. Objetivo: Explorar la influencia del fortalecimiento
del núcleo en la aptitud física de los jugadores universitarios de baloncesto. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 12 jugadores
de baloncesto universitario y se dividieron aleatoriamente en un grupo de control y un grupo experimental. Los
654
Rev Bras Med Esporte – Vol. 28, No 6 – Nov/Dec, 2022
experimentales realizaron un entrenamiento de fortalecimiento del núcleo, mientras que los de control practicaron
un entrenamiento de fuerza tradicional. Después de 6 semanas, se comparó la aptitud física y las habilidades
básicas entre los grupos. Los datos fueron tratados estadísticamente y discutidos confrontándolos con la literatura.
Resultados: Los jugadores de baloncesto del grupo experimental obtuvieron pases y tiros rápidos más altos que antes
del experimento (P0,05); Los jugadores de baloncesto del grupo experimental tuvieron pases y tiros rápidos más altos que
el grupo de control (P0,05). Conclusión: El entrenamiento de fortalecimiento del núcleo
puede mejorar la condición física de los jugadores de baloncesto universitarios. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios
terapéuticos – Investigación de resultados.
Descriptores: Entrenamiento de Fuerza; Baloncesto; Ejercicio Físico.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202228062022_0031
INTRODUCTION
Modern basketball is very competitive and enjoyable, it is a combination of various factors. Nowadays, basketball is widely used in colleges
and universities in Changchun, and the level of competition has improved
greatly and the speed of improvement is fast. In order to keep up with
the times, keep up with the innovation and development of basketball,
continuous pursuit to explore the new development stage of basketball.1
Master effective training methods and skills, it is of great significance for
workers and athletes engaged in basketball. The outstanding feature of
basketball players’ physical shape is their tall stature, the position of the
center of gravity is high, the stability angle is small, and the stability is
poor, when there is a sudden change in speed and direction, correspondingly, the higher the degree of stability of the trunk part of the body is
required.2 Lira A once proposed, life lies in the right amount of exercise,
life lies in the right amount of exercise, come choose the exercise that
suits you. This is the basic view of physical fitness, use the amount of
exercise to enhance one’s own body functions, and make adjustments
in due course, maintain the best condition of the body, thereby gaining
health.3 MA Rodríguez-Pérez and others mentioned, physical fitness
refers to the ability of the body to exert its own functions and the ability
to adapt to the environment, as well as their own health status, ability
to complete work tasks, you can enjoy your leisure time and the ability
to deal with emergencies at any time, etc, and it is closely related to it.4
METHOD
Selection of research objects
Select 12 members of a university’s men’s basketball team as experimental subjects, the 12 team members were randomly divided into an
experimental group and a control group, since these 12 team members
belong to classmate age students, and the difference in the number of
years of enrollment between each other is relatively small, therefore,
there is no significant difference in age. At the same time, the 12 players
did not have any sports injuries during the core strength training, and
there is no significant difference in the physical fitness test of the 12
players before the experiment. At the same time, in order to ensure the
authenticity and validity of the experiment, the 12 team members did
not receive any notice or hint about the experiment before or during
the experiment, it is carried out in a completely natural state.5
Research methods
Core strength training mainly includes freehand training and equipment training. (1) Freehand training: Bend and cross your knees, lie
on your side, prop up your hips and knees, lie on your back with both
ends, supine side bends, prone two-point support, side-lying bends and
straighten up, etc.; (2) Equipment training: Lie on your back and hold
Rev Bras Med Esporte – Vol. 28, No 6 – Nov/Dec, 2022
Article received on 01/06/2022 accepted on 02/18/2022
the ball on both ends, lie on your side with elbow support and hold
dumbbells, push up the arms and bend the legs to receive the Swiss
ball, etc., the training moves from shallow to deep, from easy to difficult,
carried out in groups, strictly control exercise load and exercise time,
and maintain a 12-week training period.6
The content of traditional strength training mainly includes: (1) Push-ups, push-up leg lifts, and push-ups from both ends; (2) Sit-ups, supine
leg lifts, and both ends of the supine; (3) Barbell bench press, barbell
deadlift, neck lift barbell, neck lift barbell, barbell squat, barbell squat; (4)
Pull-ups and so on. Work in groups, train reasonably, and train for 6 weeks.
Statistical methods
Use SPSS20.0 software for statistical analysis, quantitative data is
expressed in the form of i±s, paired t test was used to compare the
means of paired design data, the mean comparison of independent
sample data adopts two independent sample t test, data that does not
meet the t-test conditions are compared using rank-sum test. P0.05), it shows
that there is no statistical difference between the basic data of the experimental group and the control group before starting the experiment.7
Comparison of physical fitness and basic skills of the two
groups of basketball players before and after the experiment
By comparing the two groups of basketball players before and after
the experiment, the run-up touch, fast dribble layups, shots and other
Table 1. Comparison of the basic data of the two groups of basketball players before
the experiment.
Age
Height
Weight
Run up
Dribble layup
Shot
Test group (n=6)
20.5±1.33
176.8±2.68
69.4±4.55
2.75±1.54
37.5±1.33
6.7±1.33
Control group (n=6)
20.8±0.86
175.6±2.65
71.5±3.23
2.47±1.88
37.2±1.88
8.5±1.67
t
1.300
0.965
0.678
0.049
0.836
1.184
p
0.201
0.340
0.852
0.899
0.408
0.255
655
indicators found that, in the experimental group, the difference in physical
fitness of basketball players before and after the experiment was statistically significant (P0.05), there is no difference between the basketball players’ indicators
after the experiment and before the experiment (Figure 1). It shows that
core strength training can improve the basic skills of men’s basketball
players, such as fast dribbling, layups and shooting, but the effect on
approach height is not obvious (Figure 2).
Table 2. Comparison of the physical fitness and basic skills of the two groups of
basketball players after the experiment.
Run up
Dribble layup
Shot
Test group (n=6)
2.78±1.42
34.8±1.89
8.9±1.78
Control group (n=6)
2.58±1.75
36.8±1.78
8.3±1.42
t
0.105
2.364
4.195
p
0.917
0.023
0.001
Comparison of the physical fitness and basic skills of the two
groups of basketball players after the experiment
Experimental group before
Comparison between
and after the experimental experimental group and control
comparison
group after experimental
Figure 3. Comparison of basic skills before and after the full court fast dribble layup
experiment.
Comparison between Experimental group before
experimental group
and after the experimental
and control group after
comparison
experimental
By comparing the indicators of the two groups of basketball players, such as approach height, fast dribble and layup, and shooting, we
found that after the experiment, the difference between the basketball
players in the experimental group and the basketball players in the
control group in fast dribble layups and shots, all are statistically significant (P0.05), there
is no difference in approach height between the basketball players in
the experimental group and the basketball players in the control group
(Table 2).8 It shows that core strength training can improve the basic
skills of basketball players such as fast dribbling, layup and shooting,
however, the improvement effect on the advanced physical fitness of
running-up and touch is not obvious (Figures 3 and 4).
Figure 4. Comparison of basic skills before and after shooting experiment.
DISCUSSION
Run-up to touch
high
A quick dribble
layup
Shooting
Figure 1. Comparison of physical fitness and basic skills of the two groups of basketball
players before and after the experiment.
Experimental group before
and after the experimental
comparison
Comparison between
experimental group and control
group after experimental
Figure 2. Comparison of basic techniques before and after the run-up and touch-up
experiment.
656
Basketball is a comprehensive sport, there are many requirements
for physical fitness, including physical flexibility, flexibility and explosive
power. Traditional sports training has been unable to meet the development of modern science and technology, and the new requirements
for the physical fitness and basic sports abilities of college students,
especially the training of basic physical fitness. Compared with traditional training methods, core strength training is more scientific, more
diverse and innovative.9 Related research shows that, core strength
training can improve the coordination, balance, flexibility and other
physical qualities of basketball players, improve the technical level and
physical fitness of athletes. However, the traditional training method
has a wide range of training and is not enough for physical training, can
not carry out targeted training on the physical fitness and basic skills
of basketball players, and the improvement effect is slow. The results of
this study confirm that, core strength training is added to the physical
fitness and basic technical training of college male basketball players,
can make up for the single training effect of traditional training methods,
it improves the overall quality of athletes’ physical coordination and
flexibility, and enhances the basic skills of basketball mobilization, such
as dribbling speed and shooting.10 Foreign scholars engaged in related
research proposed, core strength training has limited improvement in
certain physical fitness of basketball players in a short period of time,
Rev Bras Med Esporte – Vol. 28, No 6 – Nov/Dec, 2022
this physical fitness index can only be improved after a certain period
of training, and the longer the training duration, the more obvious the
effect of training. This research shows that, core strength training failed
to improve the approach height of basketball players, it shows that core
strength is difficult to improve physical fitness in a short time, which is
consistent with the results of related research.
CONCLUSION
After core strength training, the gap between the completion time
of the athlete’s core strength training action and that before the training
is reduced; Similarly, after 6 weeks of training, the performance of core
strength training exercises has improved significantly more than traditional
exercises. After core strength training, the growth rate of athletes’ conventional strength is generally greater than that of traditional strength training
athletes. Core strength training exercises can significantly improve the waist,
abdominal muscles and leg muscles, in addition, the coordination and
balance of the athletes can be well exercised during training, therefore,
sit-ups to examine the strength of the waist and abdomen, significant
improvement can be obtained in the high-touch test that examines the
jumping ability and waist and abdomen strength, as well as the speed
quality, coordination, and balance of the circle running.
The author declare no potential conflict of interest related to this article
AUTHORS’ CONTRIBUTIONS: The author made significant contributions to this manuscript. HL: writing and performing surgeries; data analysis and performing surgeries; article review and intellectual
concept of the article.
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