Description
This lab report is for the lab exercise Enzymes.Required: Aerospace Application Find an article (and cite your source) that has applied or is currently applying enzymes in an Aerospace setting and discuss within your Conclusion section.Also Required: the lab report file must be uploaded as either .doc or .docxMake sure to follow all lab report instructions which can be found in the attached documents.Attached photo also for the table and graphs that I need it to be done in Data section.
Unformatted Attachment Preview
BIO 120L – Foundations of Biology 1 Lab – Enzymes Procedure
Safety
•
•
•
A lab coat and gloves must be worn during this exercise
Do not touch the heating surface of the hotplates (may cause burns)
Notify your instructor if anything breaks or malfunctions
Preparation
•
•
•
Team up with others at your table
Read through the entire procedure and ensure you have everything you need
Formulate a hypothesis that includes both temperature and pH effects on enzyme activity
Procedure
Part 1. Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity (bubbling of hydrogen peroxide represents enzyme activity)
1. Label test tubes in green test tube rack with your Group # (for example, Group #1 = “G#1”):
a. “G#__, 1: NC” (for negative control)
b. “G#__, 2: PC” (for positive control)
c. “G#__, 3a: 4°C”
d. “G#__, 3b: 4°C”
e. “G#__, 4a: 37°C”
f. “G#__, 4b: 37°C”
g. “G#__, 5a: 80°C”
h. “G#__, 5b: 80°C”
2. In the Prediction section of Table 1, predict what you will see happen in each test tube as follows: “no
bubbling”, “low bubbling”, “moderate bubbling”, “high bubbling”
3. Add 2mL of water to each test tube
4. Add 5 drops of liver juice to test tubes 2, 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b (do not add any liver juice to test tube 1)
5. Gently swirl each test tube for 3 seconds to ensure the solutions become uniform in each
6. Place test tubes labeled 3a and 3b into the 4°C refrigerator
7. Place test tubes labeled 4a and 4b into 37°C water bath in the fume hood
8. Place test tubes labeled 5a and 5b into 80°C water bath in the fume hood
9. Keep test tubes 1 and 2 at your student table
10. Allow the test tubes to rest in their specified temperatures for 30 minutes
11. After 30 minutes have passed, acquire the test tubes from the fridge and water baths
12. Add 2mL of Cold Hydrogen Peroxide to test tubes 3a and 3b
13. Add 2mL of Warm Hydrogen Peroxide to test tubes 4a, 4b, 5a, and 5b
14. Add 2mL of Room Temperature Hydrogen Peroxide to test tubes 1 and 2
15. Gently swirl each test tube for 3 seconds to ensure the solutions become uniform in each, then allow all
test tubes to rest in the test tube rack for 1 minute
16. After 1 minute has passed, observe if bubbling occurs and use a ruler to measure the amount of
bubbles/foam produced in millimeters (mm)
17. Record your data in millimeters (mm) in the Results section on Table 1
Note: if bubbling occurs that is less than 1 mm, write “1 mm”
18. Explain what your data means in the Explanation section on Table 1: “no enzyme activity”, “low enzyme
activity”, “moderate enzyme activity”, “high enzyme activity”
1 of 2
Part 2. Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity (bubbling of hydrogen peroxide represents enzyme activity)
1. Label test tubes in pink test tube rack with your Group # (for example, Group #1 = “G#1”):
a. “G#__, 6: NC” (for negative control)
b. “G#__, 7: PC” (for positive control)
c. “G#__, 8a: pH 4”
d. “G#__, 8b: pH 4”
e. “G#__, 9a: pH 7”
f. “G#__, 9b: pH 7”
g. “G#__, 10a: pH 10”
h. “G#__, 10b: pH 10”
2. In the Prediction section of Table 2, predict what you will see happen in each test tube as follows: “no
bubbling”, “low bubbling”, “moderate bubbling”, “high bubbling”
3. Add 2mL of water to each test tube
4. Add 5 drops of liver juice to test tubes 7, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, and 10b (do not add any liver juice to test
tube 6)
5. Add 2mL of pH 4 solution to the tubes labeled 8a and 8b
6. Add 2mL of pH 7 solution to the tubes labeled 9a and 9b
7. Add 2mL of pH 10 solution to the tubes labeled 10a and 10b
8. Gently swirl each test tube to ensure the solutions become uniform in each
9. Allow the test tubes to rest with their specific solutions for 30 minutes
10. After 30 minutes have passed, add 2mL of Room Temperature Hydrogen Peroxide to each test tube
(including test tubes 1 and 2)
11. Gently swirl each test tube for 3 seconds to ensure the solutions become uniform in each, then allow all
test tubes to rest in the test tube rack for 1 minute
12. After 1 minute has passed, observe if bubbling occurs and use a ruler to measure the amount of
bubbles/foam produced in millimeters (mm)
13. Record your data in millimeters (mm) in the Results section on Table 2
Note: if bubbling occurs that is less than 1 mm, write “1 mm”
14. Explain what your data means in the Explanation section of Table 2: “no enzyme activity”, “low enzyme
activity”, “moderate enzyme activity”, “high enzyme activity”
Cleanup
•
•
•
•
Pour all solutions from test tubes down the sink and wash test tubes with soap/water using a scrub
brush
o Use acetone (at sink) with a paper towel to remove marker/writing from test tubes
o Place test tubes upside down on blue tube racks to dry
Wipe down student table, timers, etc. with disinfectant spray and paper towels
Throw away used gloves and paper towels in the trash
High-five your lab partner(s)!
*This procedure was inspired by your lab manual, so make sure to cite your lab manual on your lab report!*
2 of 2
Title (Come up with a unique title. An example would be: “Effects of Ultraviolet Light on Borax
Crystal Growth Rate”)
(First and Last Name)
Introduction
In this section, you should introduce your topic to the reader and give him/her an idea about what
your experiment is about (paragraph format and in 3rd person). You should introduce your
research and mention your hypothesis. You should also include some background information
on your topic, as well as the purpose of the experiment. For example, if you are studying the effect
of sunlight on the growth of pea plants, here are some questions you may want to answer: What
relationship has previously been established (in previous research) between plants and sunlight?
What are pea plants? What is the point of this experiment? In other words, what knowledge did we
expect to gain through conducting this experiment? Make sure to cite your references throughout
this section, whether you use quoted or paraphrased information and/or ideas from your
references. This section should not include any charts, graphs, results, conclusions, or other
detailed components of your report. The length of this section may depend on the amount of
background information available on your topic. However, for the purpose of this assignment, it
should be about 200-300 words in length.
Materials
A large part of publishing scientific research is coming up with results that can be replicated by
other scientists. This section will outline all of the materials with which your experiment was
conducted. Make sure to include reagents, equipment, instruments, and any other materials you
used for your experiment. See the example below:
Materials (Example)
1 500mL beaker
150mL of distilled water
1 hot plate
1 mercury thermometer
5 pieces of weigh paper
1 metal scoopula
2g of salt
Methods
This section will outline the specific methods you used to conduct your experiment. Make sure to
detail your procedure step by step explaining how you used each of the materials listed in your
materials section, in the past progressive tense (paragraph format and in 3rd person). It is
important not to write the report like a set of instructions. The purpose here is to describe in detail
what you did so that it can be easily understood how you arrived at your results and where, if any,
errors occurred. Here is an example of what an excerpt of this section may look like:
In the first step of the experiment, 150mL of room-temperature distilled water was added to a
500mL beaker. The beaker was then placed on the hot plate. The hot plate was turned on to
medium heat and the water temperature was measured using a mercury thermometer.
Temperature was carefully monitored and not allowed to exceed 40 degrees Celsius. While the
water heated, a piece of weigh paper was placed on the scale and the scale was zeroed. Using a
metal scoopula, 1g of table salt was carefully measured out onto the weigh paper.
1
You may also want to include explanations for why it was important to conduct certain parts of the
procedure in a certain way. For example, in the above example, you may want to explain why it was
important to have the temperature set to 40 degrees Celsius. This section should be at least 200300 words in length. Keep in mind that all parts of your experiment should be described with
enough detail to allow another scientist to replicate the experiment.
Data
In this section you will include any tables, figures, charts, and/or graphs you created that help to
illustrate or explain your experiment findings. Make sure to include raw data that can usually be
organized into a table. This is also where you would provide graph(s) of your data. Be sure to
label/title each of your figures (as well as any graph axes) and give a brief explanation of what is
shown (Example: Figure 1: Change in the rate of Oxygen Consumption by German Cockroaches with
changes in temperature).
Results and Discussion
This section is very important for analyzing your experimental results. In this section, you will
discuss your experimental results (paragraph format and in 3rd person). You will present the data
you collected during experimentation in an organized and meaningful fashion referencing the
tables, figures, charts, and/or graphs from your “Data” section, and describe what the data means.
In other words, what do the numbers tell you? What are the implications of these results and how
are they important for the topic you’re studying? Were the results you attained expected? If not,
why do you think this is the case? You will also explain any parts of the experiment during which
error may have occurred, and ways in which you could improve the experiment if you were to
conduct it again in the future. This section should contain between 350 -500 words.
Conclusion
In the conclusion, you will summarize your experiment and either reject or accept your
hypothesis (paragraph format and in 3rd person). You also want to take a deeper look into the
possible implications of your experimental results. Make sure to include and discuss an Aerospace
Application article. Are there any other real-world applications for the results attained from the
experiment? What kind of follow up experiments may be useful to conduct next? Has any other
research been conducted on this topic that may be useful in further exploring this topic? This
section should be anywhere between 100 -200 words in length.
References
A minimum of one peer reviewed article reference, as well as references for any other materials
used including the lab manual. References should be formatted using hanging indentation in APA
format as listed here:
Last, F.M., Last, F.M., and Last, F.M. (Year Published). Article Title. Journal Name, Volume (Issue), pp.
Page numbers.
2
Purchase answer to see full
attachment
