Description
I need to update the concept analysis paper that you did before by following the concept analysis paper guidelines and template which is attachedupdate as attached on the feedback form our instructor please.
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Title patient centred care concept
Introduction
right away focus on patient centred care talk about the centre directly in first paragraphs then
other paragraphs after that one is now your choice what you want to put in there what you
want and how you are going to do a progress your discussion . the introduction is always
about the topic and why the topic is important . it will give a small or a short ideally to the
one who is reading what direction you are moving forward in this paper and first paragraph
would ideally be about title main content which is mostly found in the second and third and
fourth paragraph this is about your perception of your title Are your own perception about
this I thought you were discussing this in a way that will show that there is an impending
issue about this one.
last paragraph usually ideally and like this because for example PCC is critical healthcare
delivery system for example there is a need to explore the pressing issues and concerns
regarding this so that it will create what out put.
1st paragraph :how is Defined Universally and operationally?.
Other paragraph:Discussing about things that is in my mind ,You can write there are patient
centred care in the perspective of in the worldview . patient centred care in the perspective of
a nurse . when you will do that are you will be creating integrating scenarios That you have
seen to Answer too late out to describe the importance of patient centred care and how is
patient centred care today.
Ending Last paragraph write short briet how this is important to you and why choose the title
, this isn’t rational for chosen the concept this is own convocation that directly points to a
pressing issue and concern about PCC.
introduction shoud be mixed beteween citation and perspective
————————
Rational
Include own perspective of PCC surrounding your own workplace((mean you are immersed
you integrate this one. it mean you are immersed into this issue and you have a first-hand
experience of the concept and how it affects outcome)).
——Literature
Improve here rather is to organize you Literature review into a way that you start with the
most simple aspects of the concept until the most complex one.
Its good no need to changed .
———
Key concept characteristics
You have write here are basically one point (mean its relevant).
That some of theses can be merged into one to creat a more an idea that has more impact . for
example 1/individualization of Care and holistic understanding can be one .
2/Communication Quality.
3/Collaborative Decision making.
4/Continuity and Consistency of care
5/Empowerment and Autonomy.can be last
———Concept antecedent and consequences
Antecedent as we have defined it, event that leads into PCC .directly points to PCC, so what
are incidents or conditions happening before that leads into PCC . Here your explain
conditions that lead to the concept of PCC or paves the way for its implementation.
What I want to see here is one great factor that leads to PCC.
identify one clear antecedent and then can put sub-antecedent.
You can include other antecedents within that one.
why it was establishes in first palce ?
what was the gap that they initiate the PCC?
Consequencescan be identified approximately.
———
Analysis model
1/Design ;word PCC concept should be in the center of all.
2/At the end of the diagram, write one paragraph that is brief and accurate and that explains
the analysis model. It’s mean identify each element.
KING SAUD UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF NURSING
MEDICAL SURGICAL DEPARTMENT
NURS 501
THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF NURSING
CONCEPT ANALYSIS PAPER
EVALUATION CRITERIA:
Phase
I
II.
III.
IV.
Content
Concepts
Literature Review
Key Concept Characteristics
Concept Antecedents and
Consequences
Analysis Model
V.
TOTAL
Group Profile
Students’ Names
Members:
Salha Al-Otaibi
MARKS
Students’
Marks
Comments
4
4
5
6
6
25
Student’s ID number
445205281
Members:
P a g e 1 | 14
CONCEPT ANALYSIS PAPER
INTRODUCTION
Healthcare continually undergoes transformations to meet the evolving needs of
populations. At its core, Patient-Centered Care (PCC) seeks to pivot from a traditional providercentric model, emphasizing the unique needs, values, and preferences of each patient. It
champions a holistic approach, viewing patients not just as recipients of care but as active
partners in their health journey.
In the realm of nursing, where interactions with patients form the crux of daily
operations, the implications of PCC are profound. With the shift towards PCC, the role of nurses
has transcended beyond mere clinical tasks to encompass advocacy, communication, and
collaboration, ensuring that care plans are tailored to resonate with individual patient narratives.
Such an approach does more than just cater to physical ailments; it recognizes the socioemotional dimensions of health, ensuring that the patient feels valued, heard, and understood.
The global momentum towards PCC is a testament to its efficacy. Numerous studies have
highlighted improved health outcomes, increased patient satisfaction, and reduced healthcare
costs when PCC principles are embedded in practice. However, despite its recognized benefits,
the full realization of PCC remains a work in progress, necessitating continual exploration,
understanding, and advocacy.
P a g e 2 | 14
I.
CONCEPT TITLE:
1.1 . Rationale for choosing the concept:
The selection of “Patient-Centered Care” stems from an intrinsic interest in understanding
the dynamics between nurses, patients, and the broader healthcare environment. With healthcare
models rapidly evolving, the central role patients play in their health journey is undeniable. By
delving into PCC, we hope to further appreciate how nursing can consistently prioritize patients’
unique needs and preferences.
Patient-Centered Care, although qualitative in nature, possesses several measurable
aspects. Tools like the Patient-Centered Care Assessment Tool (PCAT) allow healthcare
professionals to gauge the extent of PCC in practice. Moreover, outcomes such as patient
satisfaction scores, hospital readmission rates, and adherence to care plans can be indicative of
the degree to which care is patient-centered.
PCC’s relevance to nursing cannot be understated. Firstly, from a practice perspective,
nurses are often the frontline providers interfacing directly with patients. Their approach can
significantly influence a patient’s experience. Academically, understanding PCC is crucial for
training future nurses to be empathetic, responsive, and effective caregivers. Lastly, research on
PCC can pave the way for evidence-based strategies that lead to enhanced patient outcomes,
higher satisfaction rates among both patients and providers, and overall better healthcare
delivery.
P a g e 3 | 14
II.
Literature Review
Definitions and Concept Descriptions
The realm of healthcare has long been grappling with the notions of both “PatientCentered Care” (PCC) and “Person-Centered Care” (PCC). While these terms might appear
synonymous to the uninitiated, the research nuances them differently, each offering unique
perspectives on patient care.
Eklund and colleagues (2019) embarked on an ambitious endeavor to synthesize the
broad spectrum of literature on these concepts. Their comprehensive “review of reviews” aimed
to discern the underlying themes and patterns in the myriad studies on these care approaches.
At its core, the differentiation seems to hinge on the scope of care. Patient-Centered
Care, as Eklund and others. elaborated, is more clinico-centric. It predominantly concerns itself
with the patient’s experiences within healthcare settings. This includes a consideration of their
preferences and values during clinical interactions and the relational aspect of their care. For
instance, in a hospital setting, PCC would involve physicians and nurses tailoring treatments
based on a patient’s specific medical history, current health status, and their individual wishes or
concerns regarding potential treatments.
Person-Centered Care was conceptualized as a more holistic approach. It isn’t confined
solely to the clinical or hospital setting. Instead, it extends to encompass a broader understanding
of the individual, considering their life circumstances, personal experiences, and even sociocultural backgrounds that might impact their health and wellbeing. A person-centered approach
might involve community health workers understanding an individual’s familial responsibilities,
work pressures, or cultural beliefs when proposing a health intervention, ensuring the strategy
aligns with the person’s broader life context.
P a g e 4 | 14
Building on the thematic foundation of PCC, Byrne and others (2020), presented a
comprehensive integrative review focusing exclusively on the idea of person-centered care in
nursing. They accentuated the variability in its definitions, which, while highlighting the
concept’s flexibility, also underscores the complexities in its operationalization.
Their findings underlined a recurring theme: the essence of personhood. Irrespective of
the varied definitions, a strong emphasis was consistently placed on viewing patients beyond
their immediate ailments. Patients were seen as unique individuals, each with a distinct narrative
shaped by their life’s tapestry of experiences, dreams, challenges, and aspirations.
Byrne and colleagues argued for an approach in nursing that isn’t merely transactional
(administering medicine or providing care based on symptoms). Instead, it should be
transformational, changing the very dynamics of the nurse-patient relationship. This would
involve nurses engaging deeply with patients, understanding their fears, hopes, and desires,
thereby crafting a care strategy that aligns with the patients’ lived experiences and intrinsic
personhood.
Barriers and Facilitators to Effective PCC
Healthcare practices are continually evolving, but the focal point remains the patient.
Several research endeavors have dissected the intricacies of PCC, seeking to understand its
optimal implementation and the hurdles along the way.
In their quest to delve into the depths of PCC, Kwame and Petrucka (2021) have
foregrounded the pivotal role of communication in nurse-patient interactions. Their
comprehensive literature-based study unravelled both barriers and facilitators that nurses face in
the line of duty.
P a g e 5 | 14
A significant hurdle, as identified by Kwame and Petrucka, is the reality of time
constraints. The demanding nature of healthcare settings often leaves nurses with minimal time
to engage deeply with patients, thus compromising the quality of PCC. Furthermore,
inadequacies in training can result in nurses not having the requisite skills to communicate
effectively, considering patients’ emotions, beliefs, and backgrounds. The complexity of today’s
healthcare systems further amplifies these challenges, creating environments where PCC might
inadvertently take a back seat.
However, all is not bleak. The study also spotlighted several enablers that could amplify
the quality of PCC. Continuous professional development is a beacon of hope, equipping nurses
with advanced communication skills and empathy-driven practices. Moreover, interdisciplinary
collaboration, where healthcare professionals from diverse backgrounds come together, can
foster a more holistic approach to patient care. Central to all these facilitators is the
organization’s culture. Institutions that embed the values of PCC into their ethos are more likely
to witness its effective implementation.
Nurses are at the frontline of patient care, making their working conditions paramount in
the discourse on PCC. Jarrar and collegues (2019) ventured into this domain, investigating the
correlation between nurse shift lengths and the quality of PCC. Their insights are revealing.
Prolonged shift durations, as the study found, detrimentally impacted the delivery of
patient-centered care. Tiredness, cognitive fatigue, and reduced motivation resulting from
extended shifts can lead to lapses in patient care. Consequently, this affects the perceived quality
of care and, more worryingly, patient safety. Thus, Jarrar and colleagues advocate for a reevaluation of shift structures, emphasizing that shorter, more focused shifts could be the elixir for
enhanced PCC in hospital settings.
P a g e 6 | 14
Relevance to Contemporary Nursing Practice
The intricate dance of medication administration in nursing is beautifully elucidated by
McCuistion and others (2021). Their e-book on pharmacology lays stress on the importance of a
patient-centered nursing process approach. Tailoring medication regimens to individual patient
profiles is not just a clinical requirement but an embodiment of PCC. Nurses, as the torchbearers
of this philosophy, emerge as patient advocates, ensuring that medication regimens align with
patients’ specific needs, lifestyles, and possible contraindications. The resultant benefits are
twofold: an uptick in medication adherence rates and a decline in adverse reactions.
Pooling these insights together, a vivid picture of PCC in today’s nursing landscape
emerges. The journey towards optimal PCC is laden with challenges. Yet, armed with
knowledge, commitment, and organizational support, these challenges are not insurmountable.
The studies shed light on the multifaceted nature of PCC, urging healthcare professionals,
especially nurses, to continually adapt, learn, and implement best practices.
P a g e 7 | 14
III.
Key Concept Characteristics
1. Individualization of Care: One of the foundational tenets of both Patient-Centered is
the individualization of care. It embodies the essence of tailoring healthcare interventions,
recommendations, and even the nuances of communication to align seamlessly with the distinct
needs, aspirations, and life contexts of each patient. This goes beyond generic treatment
protocols, advocating for a more personalized approach. Measurable facets of this characteristic
might encompass the proportion of treatment plans that are uniquely tailored based on individual
patient evaluations or even the frequency with which care plans undergo revisions in light of
patient feedback.
2. Holistic Understanding: Holistic understanding emerges as a core characteristic,
underscoring the imperative of perceiving patients not merely as clinical cases, but as intricate
tapestries of diverse life experiences, emotional landscapes, and socio-cultural imprints. This
holistic lens ensures that healthcare transcends the physical, embedding emotional and social
facets into its purview. This can be gauged empirically by evaluating the number of
comprehensive assessments conducted for each patient, and how consistently social determinants
of health are integrated into their profiles.
3. Collaborative Decision-making: Central to the ethos of patient-centricity is
collaborative decision-making. It pivots on the principle of fostering a democratic healthcare
environment where patients aren’t passive recipients but active collaborators. Their voices,
preferences, and concerns aren’t just acknowledged but are instrumental in shaping their
healthcare journeys (Jarrar et al., 2019). This collaborative spirit can be quantified by assessing
the percentage of patients who feel and are actively involved in shaping their treatment narratives
and by documenting instances of shared decision-making in patient histories.
P a g e 8 | 14
4. Communication Quality: The bridge that binds healthcare providers with patients is
effective communication. Communication quality is a linchpin characteristic, emphasizing not
just the clarity and accuracy of information exchange but also its empathetic and responsive
nature. It ensures that communication isn’t a monologue but a dialogue (McCuistion et al., 2021).
Metrics that offer insights into this characteristic could range from patient satisfaction scores
anchored on communication quality to tracking the frequency and impact of communicationfocused training sessions for healthcare staff.
5. Empowerment and Autonomy: For healthcare to resonate, it needs to empower. The
characteristic of empowerment and autonomy revolves around bestowing patients with the
knowledge, tools, and confidence to be the captains of their health odysseys. It’s about ensuring
that patients aren’t just informed but are equipped to make decisions that resonate with their life
contexts and health aspirations (McCuistion et al., 2021). Empirical measures to gauge this could
span from evaluating the percentage of patients who echo sentiments of empowerment to the
plethora and efficacy of patient education resources in healthcare settings.
6. Continuity and Consistency of Care: Healthcare journeys aren’t episodic; they’re continuous
narratives. As such, continuity and consistency of care is paramount. It ensures that irrespective
of care settings or levels, there’s a seamless narrative, a continuum that ensures patients don’t feel
lost in transitions. It’s about orchestrating symphonies of care where every note, every
intervention, builds harmoniously on the previous (Jarrar et al., 2019). This can be assessed by
tracking the percentage of patients with chronicled long-term care plans and monitoring the
regularity and outcomes of follow-up interactions post interventions or discharges.
P a g e 9 | 14
IV.
Concept Antecedents and Consequences
Based on the cited articles, let’s explore the antecedents and consequences related to
Patient-Centered and Person-Centered Care.
Antecedents
These are incidents or conditions that lead to the concept of patient-centered care or pave
the way for its implementation.
1.
Recognition of Individual Needs and Preferences: Prior to the adoption
of patient-centered care, there’s an acute awareness and acceptance among healthcare
professionals of the heterogeneous needs, preferences, and backgrounds of patients
(Kwame & Petrucka, 2021).
2.
Increased Patient Advocacy: A surge in patient advocacy movements
and an increased demand for tailored healthcare approaches often serve as precursors to
institutions adopting more patient-centered strategies (Byrne et al., 2020).
3.
Acknowledgment of Communication Gaps: Recognizing the
discrepancies and pitfalls in existing communication models between healthcare
professionals and patients can serve as a stepping stone towards patient-centered care,
especially with a focus on enhancing communication quality (Eklund et al., 2019).
4.
Systemic Changes in Healthcare Delivery: With shifts in healthcare
systems from being predominantly disease-centric to wellness-centric, there’s an
inclination towards viewing patients as more than just recipients of care, but as partners
(Jarrar et al., 2019).
P a g e 10 | 14
5.
Educational Paradigms: Modern nursing and medical curricula
incorporating principles of patient autonomy, ethics, and individualized care can act as
antecedents, shaping future professionals in this direction (McCuistion et al., 2021).
Consequences
These are outcomes or results that follow the implementation of patient-centered care.
1.
Enhanced Patient Satisfaction: One of the most pronounced outcomes of
patient-centered care is an upswing in patient satisfaction levels, given that their unique
needs and preferences are being met (Kwame & Petrucka, 2021).
2.
Improved Clinical Outcomes: Studies have shown that when patients are
more engaged and actively involved in their care decisions, there’s a notable
improvement in clinical outcomes and health indices (Eklund et al., 2019).
3.
Better Therapeutic Relationships: The relationship between healthcare
professionals and patients strengthens, fostering a bond of trust and mutual respect, which
is foundational for optimal care delivery (Byrne et al., 2020).
4.
Reduction in Medical Errors: As patients become active collaborators in
their care, there’s a reduced likelihood of medical errors, especially medication-related,
given that they’re more informed and engaged (McCuistion et al., 2021).
5.
Enhanced Healthcare Professional Satisfaction: Beyond just patients,
even healthcare professionals, especially nurses, report higher levels of job satisfaction as
they’re able to forge more meaningful relationships and witness tangible positive impacts
in patient lives (Jarrar et al., 2019).
P a g e 11 | 14
In summary, the journey to patient-centered care begins with recognizing the unique identities
and needs of patients and culminates in outcomes that are mutually beneficial for both patients
and healthcare professionals.
V.
ANALYSIS MODEL For patient-centered care
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Definitions
and Concept
Descriptions
Consequences
PICC in healthcare importance
PICC VS Person-Centered care
Personhood’s vital role
Transformational nursing for PCC
PCC barriers and facilitators
Key Concept
Characteristics
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Individualization of Care
Holistic Understanding
Collaborative Decision-making
Communication Quality
Empowerment and Autonomy
Continuity and Consistency of Care:
Antecedents
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Recognition of Individual Needs and Preferences
Increased Patient Advocacy
Acknowledgment of Communication Gaps
Systemic Changes in Healthcare Delivery
Educational Paradigms
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Enhanced Patient Satisfaction
Improved Clinical Outcomes
Better Therapeutic Relationships
Reduction in Medical Errors
Enhanced Healthcare Professional Satisfaction
P a g e 12 | 14
Conclusion
In conclusion, the concept analysis of Patient-Centered Care (PCC) has illuminated its
profound impact on healthcare, particularly in the realm of nursing. PCC has transformed the
traditional provider-centric model into a patient-centric paradigm, emphasizing individual needs,
values, and preferences. Nurses have emerged as pivotal advocates, facilitating communication,
collaboration, and tailored care plans that address the holistic well-being of patients. Despite
recognized benefits, the journey towards full realization remains ongoing, marked by barriers
such as time constraints and the need for improved communication skills. However, studies have
shown that PCC enhances patient satisfaction, clinical outcomes, and therapeutic relationships
while reducing medical errors. Ultimately, PCC fosters a healthcare environment where patients
and professionals both benefit, marking a significant step forward in the evolution of healthcare
delivery.
P a g e 13 | 14
REFERENCE:
Byrne, A. L., Baldwin, A., & Harvey, C. (2020). Whose centre is it anyway? Defining personcentred care in nursing: An integrative review. PLoS One, 15(3), e0229923.
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0229923
Eklund, J. H., Holmström, I. K., Kumlin, T., Kaminsky, E., Skoglund, K., Höglander, J., … &
Meranius, M. S. (2019). “Same same or different?” A review of reviews of personcentered and patient-centered care. Patient Education and Counseling, 102(1), 3-11.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0738399118306232
Jarrar, M. T., Minai, M. S., Al‐Bsheish, M., Meri, A., & Jaber, M. (2019). Hospital nurse shift
length, patient‐centered care, and the perceived quality and patient safety. The
International journal of health planning and management, 34(1), e387-e396.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hpm.2656
Kwame, A., & Petrucka, P. M. (2021). A literature-based study of patient-centered care and
communication in nurse-patient interactions: barriers, facilitators, and the way
forward. BMC nursing, 20(1), 1-10.
https://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12912-021-00684-2
McCuistion, L. E., DiMaggio, K. V., Winton, M. B., & Yeager, J. J. (2021). Pharmacology EBook: A Patient-Centered Nursing Process Approach. Elsevier Health Sciences.
https://books.google.co.ke/books?hl=en&lr=&id=9HVWEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1
&dq=patient+centered+care+nursing&ots=My3lINY5O&sig=K8kyz6ONY8dTwd3j32YIfzwW0BA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=patien
t%20centered%20care%20nursing&f=false
P a g e 14 | 14
NURS 501
CONCEPT ANALYSIS GUIDELINES
Purpose:
Developing a concept analysis paper is an exercise that is used to provide an
opportunity for students/researchers become familiar with a concept(variable).
A
concept may contain one or two words that conveys various meanings, understanding
or feelings among individuals with the same discipline. In nursing, concept analysis is
significant to nursing practice. Using relevant nursing concepts related to health,
nursing, nursing management and the likes is the first crucial step. Through this
activity, nurses are able to take a first step in communicating meanings, understanding
and feelings.
Many of the current concept analysis in nursing often uses the framework
developed by Lorraine Olszewski Walker and Kay Coalson Avant (2006).
This
framework has been used widely up until the present.
Activity Description:
To begin the concept analysis the following steps are recommended:
1. Choose a concept one is interested in, a term that may have
something to do with what you encounter in the workplace in which
you would like to research.
2. Look for a measurable quality in this topic of interest, problem or a
question.
3. Once you have developed this process, you have acquired step 1.
4. The following are the phases for the concept analysis paper:
Phase
I
Description
What to do
Identify
Concepts Convene with your group and discuss to decide
to Study
on
a
concept
bearing
the
following
characteristics:
a. It is concept that interest you.
b. It has a measurable quality.
c. It
can
be
established
to
have
a
relationship to nursing practice, academe,
& research.
II.
Conduct
Review
III.
IV.
Literature Search through different resources (internet,
books, published articles). Discover pertinent
information related to the concept chosen. This
should include definitions, concept description,
variables related to your concept that supports
the relevance of the chosen concept in today’s
nursing practice.
Identify
Key Determine the key concept characteristics of
Concept
the concept. This should also how you defined
Characteristics
the concepts found in your analysis paper. List
characteristics or criteria that describes the
concept in measurable terms. This makes the
concept measurable for empirical testing.
Identify
Concept Antecedents:
are
incidents
leading
to
the
V.
Antecedents
and concept
Consequences
Consequences: are what follows the concepts
Construct
Analysis This requires that you design your own model
Model
that
reflects/illustrates
the
concepts,
key
concept
characteristics,
antecedents
&
consequences through a diagram.
TECHNICAL GUIDELINES:
The following technical guidelines are used to complete the requirement:
➢ Use Verdana (font type), 12 point for text and 14 for headings.
➢ Line spacing option until 1 between each sentence.
➢ Limit your paper to 1-2 per phase (with a total number of pages limited to 1012.
➢ References should be within 5 years from current year but not limited only to
books, research publications and internet sources.
➢ Using APA style on all your term papers is a must. Please refer to owl for more
information about APA style by following the link
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/gen
eral_format.html
➢ Submit your assignment in email with the headings:
NURS 501 CONCEPT
ANALYSIS PAPER_GROUP# It is important to use the template posted in the
blackboard when you submit your final paper.
➢ Deadline for submission is WEEK 14.
Prepared by:
Dr. Isabelita Pandaan
Assistant Professor
KING SAUD UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF NURSING
MEDICAL SURGICAL DEPARTMENT
NURS 501
THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF
NURSING
CONCEPT ANALYSIS PAPER
EVALUATION CRITERIA:
Phase
I
II.
III.
IV.
V.
TOTAL
Content
Concepts
Literature Review
Key Concept Characteristics
Concept Antecedents and
Consequences
Analysis Model
MARKS
Students’
Marks
Comments
4
4
5
6
6
25
Group Profile
Students’ Names
Student’s ID number
Task
Leader:
Members:
Page 1|8
CONCEPT ANALYSIS PAPER
INTRODUCTION
Page 2|8
I.
CONCEPT TITLE:
1.1. Rationale for choosing the concept:
Page 3|8
II.
Literature Review
Page 4|8
III.
Key Concept Characteristics
Page 5|8
IV.
Concept Antecedents and Consequences
Page 6|8
V.
ANALYSIS MODEL
Page 7|8
REFERENCE:
Page 8|8
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