Cardiology

Description

1. What is the consequence of gradual backflow of blood into the left ventricle (LV) due to aortic regurgitation (AR)?

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2. What compensatory mechanisms are activated in response to the increased LVEDV in AR?

3. How does the compensatory response initially impact SV and CO in AR?

1. How does chronic significant AR manifest clinically?

Clinical Presentation
1. What is a common symptom associated with chronic significant AR?

2. Despite normal coronary arteries, why might chest pain occur in chronic significant AR?

3. What is the reason for dyspnea on exertion in chronic significant AR?