Description
Write a report of 2700-2800 words about a topic that touches on the professional ethical obligations of the computing profession.Title: “The Challenges of Facial Recognition on Body Cameras in Real-Time Law Enforcement”I have attached the detailed instructions for this final essay. I have also attached Assignment 3 (outline) and Assignment 2 (Literature Review). Assignments 2 and 3 are ones I did to support the final essay, basically finding literature and making a layout
Unformatted Attachment Preview
Assignment 2 – References & Discussion
Title: The Challenges of Facial Recognition on Body
Cameras in Real-Time Law Enforcement
1
Prelude
The Harvard referencing can be accessed by clicking the blue links referring to
the paper.
2
List of Publications
2.1
Making the body electric: The politics of body-worn cameras and facial recognition in the United States
Hood (2020) muses the socio-political risks of facial recognition technology, particularly its potential to reinforce harmful stereotypes of race and gender. It highlights the influence of training data, technological limitations, and practical challenges posed by body-worn cameras. The article’s impact factor of 2.3 and peerreviewed status underscore its significance.
2.2
Law enforcement’s pairing of facial recognition technology with body-worn cameras escalates privacy concerns
Ringrose (2019) delves into the growing political debate surrounding surveillance
and the practical implications of various biases. It explores security and privacy
concerns and the need for legal safeguards to protect civil liberties. Highly cited
and peer-reviewed, this work comes from a reputable journal with a high impact
factor of 6.8.
2.3
Facial recognition in police hands: Assessing the ‘Clearview
case’ from a European perspective
Rezende (2020) explores the nuances of facial recognition regulation within the
EU, assisting us to contrast it to the US. Can help shed light on the cross-cultural
dynamics of social issues, fostering a broader perspective. The paper’s impact
and quality is evident from its citations in EU legislative proposals and its peerreviewed status.
1
2.4
Public support for facial recognition via police body-worn
cameras: Findings from a list experiment
Bromberg et al. (2020) comprehensively examines public perceptions of facial
recognition technology, providing quantitative data and insights. It explores the
nuanced acceptance of FRT, delving into contexts where facial recognition technology may be more embraced. Peer-reviewed and highly relevant, this work
appears in the prestigious Government Information Quarterly, boasting an impact
score of ˜9.
2.5
Facing Reality: Benefits and Challenges of Facial Recognition Technology for the NYPD
Carter (2018) provides an authoritative perspective from law enforcement agencies on the challenges of gaining public trust for facial recognition technology, particularly in conjunction with body-worn cameras. It highlights the issues arising
from decentralized police-forces. The paper’s high quality and consistent citations
(33 per year) in Homeland Security Affairs demonstrates it good quality.
2.6
The Road to Digital Unfreedom: President Xi’s Surveillance State
Qiang (2019) refers back to the diversification of international discussion regarding facial recognition technology, examining the ambitious adoption of in China.
It compares legal frameworks and the political factors that have enabled authoritarian applications of this technology. Published in a respected political science
journal with an impact factor above 4.
2.7
Research on body-worn cameras: What we know, what we
need to know
Lum et al. (2019) investigates the impact of body-worn cameras on police-citizen
interactions, analyzing behavioral changes and perception shifts of said interactions. Supported by quantitative research, this peer-reviewed work from the highly
respected American Society of Criminology (impactscore > 3) provides valuable
insights into the role of BWCs in shaping public trust and accountability.
2.8
Mitigating demographic bias in facial datasets with stylebased multi-attribute transfer
Georgopoulos et al. (2021) proposes a range of techniques for addressing bias
in facial datasets used for facial recognition technology in body-worn cameras.
These methods can be incorporated into discussions about biased training data,
drawing on a reputable source with a 6 impact factor and over 30 citations in two
years.
2
2.9
Confronting the biased algorithm: The danger of admitting facial recognition technology results in the courtroom
Haddad (2021) differently investigates the growing use of facial recognition technology (FRT) as evidence in court, particularly in high-profile cases like the January 6th insurrection. It discusses the implications of this trend for both protest
movements and general criminal justice. While the article’s impact factor is lower
than others cited, it comes from a well-respected journal and delves into a niche
but important sub-area of law.
2.10
Analysis of the relationship between smart cities, policing and criminal investigation
Prislan & Slak (2018) This article provides an analysis of the implementation and
effectiveness of popular facial recognition technologies in cities. It offers insights
for evaluating the overall efficacy of FRT, making it a relevant reference for the
concluding section. With 32 citations in 5 years, it has high significance within
this area of criminology.
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Publication Acquisition Notes
I acquired all of the publications above by traversing the library, with citation
counts coming from the website or Google Scholar.
References
Bromberg, D. E., Charbonneau, & Smith, A. (2020), ‘Public support for facial
recognition via police body-worn cameras: Findings from a list experiment’,
Government information quarterly 37(1), 101415.
Carter, A. (2018), ‘Facing reality: Benefits and challenges of facial recognition
technology for the nypd’, Homeland security affairs .
Georgopoulos, M., Oldfield, J., Nicolaou, M. A., Panagakis, Y. & Pantic, M. (2021),
‘Mitigating demographic bias in facial datasets with style-based multi-attribute
transfer’, International journal of computer vision 129(7), 2288–2307.
Haddad, G. M. (2021), ‘Confronting the biased algorithm: The danger of admitting facial recognition technology results in the courtroom’, Vanderbilt journal of
entertainment and technology law 23(4), 890.
Hood, J. (2020), ‘Making the body electric: The politics of body-worn cameras and
facial recognition in the united states’, Surveillance society 18(2), 157–169.
Lum, C., Stoltz, M., Koper, C. S. & Scherer, J. A. (2019), ‘Research on body-worn
cameras: What we know, what we need to know’, Criminology public policy
18(1), 93–118.
Prislan, K. & Slak, B. (2018), ‘Analysis of the relationship between smart cities,
policing and criminal investigation’, Varstvoslovje 20(4), 389–413.
3
Qiang, X. (2019), ‘The road to digital unfreedom: President xi’s surveillance state’,
Journal of democracy 30(1), 53–67.
Rezende, I. N. (2020), ‘Facial recognition in police hands: Assessing the
‘clearview case’ from a european perspective’, New journal of European criminal law 11(3), 375–389.
Ringrose, K. (2019), ‘Law enforcement’s pairing of facial recognition technology with body-worn cameras escalates privacy concerns’, Virginia law review
105, 57–66.
4
Ethics Essay
Assessment criteria for submissions
Contents
Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
Empirical data collection (following module feedback): ……………………………………………………….. 1
Details on the full essay ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2
Essay / report description from assessment sheet ………………………………………………………………….. 2
Implementation …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 3
Proposed essay structure …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 4
Description of Assignment 3 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 4
Implementation / marking scheme……………………………………………………………………………………….. 5
Marking scheme full essay …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6
Introduction
This document provides guidance for the preparation of essays, giving detail on both layout
assignment and the final essay. It should be read in conjunction with the assessment sheet and has
the purpose of providing further guidance for layout assignment and the full essay.
The main assignment for the module is a research-oriented essay in which students will be asked to
explore questions of professional ethics that arise in an area of computing that they find interesting
and might pursue in their career. A research essay was chosen as the format of the assignment
because the exact nature of professional ethics question is rarely fully known and as computing
professionals we must be equipped with the skills to undertake research, not just in technical but
also in professional and ethical questions.
All aspects of the assignment of the module have been developed to guide students towards a
successful completion of the task of writing the essay. Assignment 1 was intended to help students
identify a suitable topic / research question. Assignment 2 was meant to help them engage with the
relevant literature and distinguish between high quality and less quality sources they can use when
developing their work.
Empirical data collection (following module feedback):
It was initially planned to encourage students to undertake empirical research in the context of this
module and report on it in the essay. However, due to limited time available, both to do the research
and to administer and assess it, we have scaled back the expectation of doing empirical research.
Students can now receive 100% without doing empirical research.
The essay now takes the form of a research plan, rather than a complete research essay. In order to
receive 100% of the mark, the essay needs to clearly describe how the research could be done, by
providing a justified methodology that covers both data collection and analysis that are suitable to
answer the research question. This research plan should also cover questions of RRI (Responsible
1
Research & Innovation), i.e. which ethical issues may arise during the research, and how could those
be addressed or pre-empted.
The essay should also say something about what the expected findings might be and what
implications might be drawn from them.
However, we do not wish to stop someone who would like to do it from doing so. Empirical research
can therefore be integrated and attract up to 10% extra.
Details on the full essay
Assignment 3 will help students prepare for writing the full essay. In order to understand the logic of
assigment 3, it is useful to understand the logic of the full essay which will now be introduced first,
before we come to the preparatory assignment.
Essay / report description from assessment sheet
Students choose a topic that illustrates important professional ethics and responsibility issues in
contemporary computing. The content and structure of the report will be prepared by the
assignment that students will develop during the term.
This assignment assesses the following learning outcomes:
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Understanding the nature of ethics in computing
Knowledge, understanding and application of ethical codes in computing
Ability to reason about ethics in a digital world
Students will be given the following description:
Write a report of no more than 3000 words about a topic of that touches on the professional ethical
obligations of the computing profession. Please ensure you cover the following:
1. Choose a topic and title that highlights the ethical / professional issue in a way that renders it
clear what the relevant issue is about.
2. Review the academic literature on the topic and provide an overview of key issues and
debates. This review must be critical, i.e. has to highlight your understanding of the relevant
debates. It should not simply describe the literature.
3. Use the literature to make the case that your topic / title is relevant and in need of further
attention.
4. Formulate a research question that captures the key aspect of the topic. The research
question must be open (no yes / no questions) and capable of being answered.
5. Discuss what needs to be done to answer the question. Who is in a position to answer it?
6. If possible and relevant, undertake reasonable primary research to come to a deeper
understanding of the research question. If you use primary data, cover your chosen data
collection and data analysis methods in a separate section. (now optional – see note above)
7. Present possible and relevant responses to the research question. Provide a critical
discussion of possible responses.
8. Conclude the report by drawing implementations for theory and for practice. What have we
learned from your report, how does it add to theoretical understanding? What are practical
conclusion? Can you recommend someone to do something on the basis of your work? How
do you justify this?
2
Implementation
To ensure that the writing of the essay is feasible in the time that students have available and to
ensure that module administration remains manageable, the following further guidance is provided.
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•
•
•
•
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•
Title: you can use one of the titles that you suggested in assignment and we assume most
students will do so, but we will not check it and you are at liberty to choose a different title /
research question. Similarly, we expect that you will follow the structure submitted as
assignment 3 and use the reference from assignment 2, but you do not have to do this and
failure to do so will attract no penalty. Independent of the choice of title, the essay must
clearly state a research question. This may identical to the title but does not have to be.
Introduction: provides a short overview of why the essay is relevant, how the research
question is answered and what the main insights are.
Literature review: The literature review and all other sections should have a title that
indicates the content. It should not be a generic title such as “literature review” or
“methodology”. This section should be used to demonstrate:
o Your knowledge of the topic area.
o Critical awareness of key issues
o / discussions / questions. The section should not just be a restatement of what
others say, but demonstrate your critical awareness of the main discussion.
o The relevance of your research question. (it might be a good idea to end it with
something like: “This discussion has shown that there is a gap in current knowledge
which is…” that should correspond to your research question.)
Methodology: As you will not be required to do empirical research, this methodology section
is more of a research plan. If you were to answer the research question, what would you do,
how could you answer the question this should include:
o A discussion of possible, plausible and relevant research methodologies that you
could use to answer the research question. You don’t have to introduce everything
you have ever heard but focus on (and justify) the approaches that would be
relevant to your research question.
o There should be a discussion of the data that you would collect, if you were to
undertake empirical data collection.
o You should elaborate on the expected data analysis. Once you have collected your
data, what would you do with it? Which analysis methods would you use? Would
you need specific tools? How do you draw conclusions from the data?
RRI: The essay should specify what considerations can inform your research to ensure it is
undertaken responsibly. You can use various tools to reflect on the questions that might arise
and that you should address, such as the ORBIT tools or the AREA-4P framework.
o Highlight key RRI issues that may arise in the context of research on the topic
o Propose an action plan on how to address these issues
Findings (real or expected): As most of you will not do empirical research, you can keep this
section short. However, you should say something about what you would expect to find or
which alternatives you expect the data to highlight.
Implications, recommendations, conclusion: Again, as you will most likely not have done
empirical research, there are no immediate implications of the research. However, you can
reflect on your research plan, the current state of the debate, the RRI plan you have
developed and other insights you may have gained when writing the essay to say something
3
•
about implications for research, implications for industry, or implications for policy. If your
work leads to recommendations, you can spell those out.
Formatting, quality of Text:
o You should use outline numbered headings to clarify the logic and structure of the
essay
o Use of 1st / 3rd person: Most academic research is written in 3rd person. If you feel
strongly about your topic, you can use 1st person, but it has to be convincing.
o Include a table of contents
o Ensure good grammar and spelling
Proposed essay structure
The following outlines key aspects of the essay that should be covered in both the outline and the
main essay.
Title page, including
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Title
Student name, number,
Date of submission
Table of contents
Word count
Main body of the essay
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review (must not be called lit review)
2.1 Literature 1
2.2 Literature 2
Methodology (should not be called methodology)
3.1 Options considered
3.2 Proposed methodology
Type of data
How to collect it
How to analyse it
Responsible research and innovation
4.1 which aspects are important for this project (e.g. AREA-4P framework)
4.1 how would you address them in the proposed research
Findings / expected findings
Discussion and implications
Conclusion
References (Harvard format)
Description of Assignment 3
Assignment 3 – STRUCTURE: Students are required to upload a document (PDF) presenting the
annotated structure of their main report including headings and short indications of content. 500
words max.
4
The purpose of this assignment is to allow students to think through the structure of their essay and
provide a rationale for why they chose the particular structure.
In order to allow the assessment of the logic of the structure, students will be asked to submit a
document that contains the headings of their essay, but instead of the full argument that they will
develop in the full essay, they should outline the length and logic of the structure. This means they
should:
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Follow the overall logic of the essay as outlined above
Indicate the expected word count for each section that they want to use in the full essay
Briefly summarise for each section what they expect to use it for or how they will construct it
Implementation / marking scheme
In order to ensure that the marks for the first assignment submission are clear, consistent and
provide easy feedback, the marking criteria will be translated in practice as follows:
0
No clear structure;
logic of the structure
not obvious
1
Recognisable structure
but insufficient use of
formatting and
explanation of logic
Formatting: planned
word count and
outlined numbered
heading
No word count
allocation to sections
AND no outline
numbered headings
Outline of content of
sections
Content of sections is
unclear / not
explained
Methodology / Use of
data
No explanation of
planned methodology,
no reference to use of
data
No considerations of
professional ethics
and RRI
Word count allocated
but not realistic or
justified OR not
outlined numbered
headings
Section content is
explained but does
not flow logically or
will not result in full
essay
Methodology section
exists but lacks data
collection or analysis
Clarity of structure
Professional ethics in
computing;
Responsible Research
and Innovation
Reference to
professional ethics
and RRI but not clear
how RRI plan will be
developed
5
2
Clearly indicated
structure, use of
proper headings,
outline numbered;
logic explained in
comments
Realistic and justified
word allocation to all
sections AND outline
numbered headings
Logical flow of essay
structure
Indication of possible
data collection and
analysis methods
Clear indication how
professional ethics is
addressed, RRI section
is well developed
Marking scheme full essay
The marking scheme provided in the module marking scheme will be operationalised 1as follows:
Criterion
Quality of the
abstract,
introduction and
literature review;
including
justification of the
research question
and critical
reflection on the
literature
Over
all %
0% (unsatisfactory)
30
0
33% (basic)
66% (good)
100% (excellent)
70% (overall)
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The abstract,
introduction, and
literature review are
missing or extremely
brief, lacking essential
content.
The research question is
not clearly stated or
justified.
There is no critical
reflection on the
literature.
10 / 7
20 / 14
30 / 21
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The abstract,
introduction, and
literature review are
well-structured and
provide context for the
research.
The research question
is clearly stated and
justified based on
existing literature.
•
A good level of critical
reflection on the
literature is
demonstrated.
•
•
•
The abstract,
introduction, and
literature review are
present but lack depth
and coherence.
The research question
is mentioned but lacks
clear justification.
•
Limited critical
reflection is evident but
•
is not substantial.
1
•
The abstract, introduction,
and literature review are
excellently crafted, offering a
comprehensive
understanding of the
research context.
The research question is
clearly and persuasively
justified, demonstrating a
strong rationale for the study.
The critical reflection on the
literature is in-depth, showing
a nuanced understanding of
existing research and its
relevance to the study.
The figures in the fields of the matrix represent the points that an evaluation according to the marking descriptors in the matrix will attract. They are calculate for 100%
and 70 points. As the essay is worth 70% of the final mark, the essay will be marked out of 70 which will allow for an easy calculation of the final mark by simply adding up
the different components of assignment 1-3 and the essay mark.
6
Quality and
appropriateness of
the methodology,
data collection and
analysis
30
0
•
•
•
Professional ethics
in computing and
RRI reflection and
implementation
plan
20
The methodology, data
collection, and analysis
are fundamentally
flawed or entirely
missing.
There is no clear
methodology, data are
inadequately collected
or irrelevant, and the
analysis is absent or
severely incorrect.
The approach used is
entirely inappropriate for
the research question.
0
•
•
There is no mention of
professional ethics in
computing and
responsible research and
innovation (RRI)
principles or reflection in
the essay.
The essay lacks any plan
for addressing
10 / 7
20 / 14
30 / 21
•
The methodology, data
collection, and analysis
are somewhat
appropriate but lack
depth and precision.
The methodology is
loosely defined or lacks
important details, data
collection is somewhat
relevant but
incomplete, and the
analysis is rudimentary.
•
•
There are significant
issues with the
alignment of
methodology to the
research question.
•
•
•
•
The methodology, data
collection, and analysis
are generally
appropriate and wellstructured.
The methodology is
well-defined and
relevant, data
collection is thorough
and relevant to the
research question, and
the analysis is sound.
•
•
There may be minor
issues or gaps in
methodology but
doesn’t significantly
impact the study.
The methodology, data
collection, and analysis are
exemplary in quality and
perfectly aligned with the
research question.
The methodology is welldefined, appropriate, and
sophisticated, data collection
is comprehensive and directly
relevant, and the analysis is
rigorous and insightful.
The study demonstrates a
high level of excellence in
methodological rigor.
7/4
14 / 9
20 / 14
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•
•
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The essay briefly
mentions professional
ethics in computing
and RRI and the need
for ethical
considerations in
research.
There is a basic plan for
implementing some
7
The essay
demonstrates a clear
understanding of
professional ethics in
computing and RRI
principles and the role
of ethics in research
and innovation.
•
The essay provides a
comprehensive and insightful
reflection on professional
ethics in computing and RRI,
showcasing a deep
understanding of its
principles and significance.
The plan for implementing
RRI is detailed, well-reasoned,
professional ethics in
computing and
implementing RRI
practices.
•
Critical reflection
and justification of
expected findings,
implications,
recommendations,
conclusion
10
•
•
There is no
acknowledgment of the
importance of ethical
and societal
considerations in
research and innovation.
0
•
RRI principles, but it
lacks depth and
specifics.
The focus on societal
impact and stakeholder
engagement is limited.
•
4/ 3
The essay lacks any
critical reflection or
justification of expected
findings, implications,
recommendations, or
conclusions.
There is no insight into
why certain findings or
recommendations were
chosen.
•
•
•
Limited critical
reflection is present,
but it lacks depth and
coherence.
The justification for
expected findings,
implications,
recommendations, or
conclusions is vague or
underdeveloped.
8
There is a wellstructured plan for
implementing RRI
practices, including
stakeholder
engagement and
ethical considerations.
and addresses all relevant
aspects of responsible
research and innovation.
•
The essay discusses the
potential positive
impact of professional
ethics in computing
and RRI on the
research process and
society.
The essay discusses how the
inclusion of professional
ethics in computing and
implementation of RRI can
lead to positive societal
outcomes and addresses
potential challenges.
7/5
10 / 7
•
•
•
The essay
demonstrates good
critical reflection on
expected findings,
implications,
recommendations, or
conclusions.
Justification is
provided, though it
could be more
comprehensive and
persuasive.
•
The essay excels in critical
reflection, offering a nuanced
and insightful perspective on
expected findings,
implications,
recommendations, or
conclusions.
Justification is clear,
thorough, and convincingly
supports the chosen
outcomes.
Technical writing
skills, spelling,
grammar,
formatting,
presentation, table
of contents
10
0
•
•
•
•
Empirical research
(bonus points)
10
The document
demonstrates a lack of
technical writing skills,
with poor language and
numerous errors in
spelling and grammar.
Formatting is
inconsistent, making the
content difficult to
follow.
Presentation is
disorganized, lacking a
logical flow.
The table of contents is
either missing or
improperly structured.
0
•
•
The research lacks a
clear methodology and
relies on anecdotal
evidence.
There are significant
flaws in the study design,
4/3
7/5
10 /7
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The document contains
some technical content
but lacks precision in
language.
Spelling and grammar
errors are present but
not overwhelming.
Basic formatting
elements are used but
inconsistently.
Presentation is
somewhat organized
but may require
improvement.
•
•
•
The table of contents is
rudimentary.
The document
demonstrates good
technical writing skills
with clear and concise
language, with minimal
spelling and grammar
errors.
Formatting is
consistent and visually
pleasing.
Presentation is wellorganized with a logical
flow.
•
The document excels in
technical writing skills,
offering highly precise and
professional language with no
errors.
Formatting is consistent,
visually appealing, and
follows industry standards.
•
Presentation is exceptionally
well-organized, presenting
information logically.
•
The table of contents is
detailed, accurately
structured, and greatly
enhances document
navigation.
The table of contents is
structured correctly
and facilitates
navigation.
4/3
7/5
10 / 7
•
•
•
•
The research has an
identifiable
methodology but may
have limitations.
Data collection and
analysis are somewhat
9
•
The research employs a
well-defined
methodology and
addresses potential
limitations.
Data collection and
analysis are structured
The research employs a
robust methodology,
accounting for potential
limitations.
data collection, or
analysis.
•
total
100
+ 10
The research lacks
credibility and reliability.
structured but not
optimal.
•
The research has some
credibility but may be
questioned.
70 + 7
10
and executed
effectively.
•
The research is credible
and reliable.
•
Data collection and analysis
are thorough and follow best
practices.
•
The research is highly
credible and reliable, setting a
standard in the field.
Assignment 3 – Essay Layout
December 19, 2023
Abstract
The abstract for my essay would go here (They’re usually before the contents table).
Contents
1 Introduction (250 Words)
2
2 Technology of Surveillance: A comprehensive discussion (750 words) 2
2.1 Body-Worn Cameras(300 Words) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
2.1.1 The Consequences of Body-Worn Cameras (200 Words) .
2
2.1.2 The Public Opinion (100 Words) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
2.2 Facial-Recognition Technology: What We Know (450 words) . . .
2
2.2.1 What can we see already? (175 words) . . . . . . . . . . .
2
2.2.2 Mitigating the problems (225 words) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
2.2.3 The Extreme (50 words) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
3 Evaluating the issues surrounding facial recognition technology (750
words)
3.1 Data Sources (350 words) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.1 Type Of Data (50 words) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.2 Collection (100 words) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1.3 Analysis (200 words) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Surveys (400 words) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.1 Type Of Data (50 words) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.2 Collection (100 words) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2.3 Analysis (250 words) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4 Responsible Research and Innovation (600 words)
4.1 Considerations (200 words)) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2 Addressing Considerations (400 words) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
3
4
5 Findings (150 words)
4
6 Discussion & Implications (350 words)
4
7 Conclusion (150 words)
4
1
Title: The Challenges of Facial Recognition on Body
Cameras in Real-Time Law Enforcement
1
Introduction (250 Words)
Here I will talk briefly about the different applications that we have seen with
facial recognition technology with references, pivoting to my specific title with body
cameras and law enforcement generally with allusion to the previously discussed
FRT.
2
Technology of Surveillance: A comprehensive discussion (750 words)
2.1
Body-Worn Cameras(300 Words)
2.1.1
The Consequences of Body-Worn Cameras (200 Words)
In this part I will place particular accentuation on a socio-political discussion of
Body-Worn Cameras specifically with mainly qualitative evidence. Particular focus on Lum et al. 2019.
2.1.2
The Public Opinion (100 Words)
Here I will focus on the more quantitative side of the debate, particularly focusing
on public opinion and statistics from other papers, notably Bromberg et al. 2020.
2.2
Facial-Recognition Technology: What We Know (450 words)
2.2.1
What can we see already? (175 words)
I will focus again on the socio-political but also ethical discussion of facial recognition technology, issues such as privacy, legislation and civil rights. Musing Hood
2020 and Ringrose 2019.
2.2.2
Mitigating the problems (225 words)
I will delve into research about bias mitigation, a ”correct” implementation of FRT,
the consequences of FRT etc and looking into the future of this technology. Lots
of referencing to each issue here.
2.2.3
The Extreme (50 words)
I can show the ”extreme” side of the issue, with contrast to the issues I’ve discussed already. For diversification of discussion ”what we can learn” approach.
2
3
Evaluating the issues surrounding facial recognition technology (750 words)
3.1
Data Sources (350 words)
3.1.1
Type Of Data (50 words)
The main focus will be discussing the types empirical statistical and/or scientific
data on things like algorithmic algorithm bias, mitigation algorithms.
3.1.2
Collection (100 words)
I will discuss the source of where the data has come from, these could include:
• News articles
• Legal documents
• Algorithmic testing results
3.1.3
Analysis (200 words)
In terms of a raw tabular data I can simply construct visualisations myself and
then discuss each part of said visualisation and what the findings of them are.
3.2
Surveys (400 words)
3.2.1
Type Of Data
