Description
The U.S. Constitution is a rather short, generally-worded document that can mean different things to different people.These characteristics make the Constitution flexible because it can be updated through judicial interpretation without needing frequent amendments. However, changing the Constitution through judicial interpretation is undemocratic, since it puts power in the hands of unelected judges. What would you rather have: a loose constitution that can be updated by court decisions, or a rigid constitution that relies on popular amendments to keep up with the times?Explain your reasons.Use the readings supplied to answer the
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INE
L
T
n Political Tra
a
U
c
ri
O
e
m
R
A
E
e
T
th
f
CHAP
the Roots o
ary Period and
volution
ration
les of Confede
z .2 The Artic
n
f the Constitutio
o
t
n
e
m
p
lo
ve
e
2_3 The D
nstitution
ation of the co
ic
tif
a
R
he
T
.4
z
Change
Consrirurional
e
2.1 The Pre-R
of
ring symbols
st endu
e world’s mo
th
nce. It s
f
o
e
n
o
is
s ti ll in existe
~ra
e
e
rn
e
e
d
s
o
,
n
m
nstiw.tio
ti o n o f
ns o fthe
N The ILS.C.o
the c u lm in a
n constitutio
e
th
tl
o
ri
b
w
s
t,
a
s
w
e
rt
n
INTRODUCTIO
sho
nstitutio
ture.
o the oldest, and
ls
ways. the Co
a
y
is
n
a
Ir
.
m
cy
a
In
rint for the fu
cr
r.
o
p
ve
e
m
e
lu
de
w
b
o
h
a
,
d
le
n
b
vita
r power a
no means ine
ft y
t govemmen
u
o
b
a
t
h
writing was by
g
ed in th e ir lo
u
n
o
g
li
th
l
a
a
n
ic
e
lit
m
o
p
inded
British/
s in
roup oflike-m
g
American (and
a
s
a
n
onal principle
o
ti
ti
u
tu
it
ti
st
s
n
n
o
o
C
c
e
se
th
o
opp
framers of
er it s ideals
akes it hard to
id
m
s
n
to think ofthe
n
o
o
g
c
ti
tin
p
p
to
m
m
e
u
k
te
ss
li
a
is
Ir
tion and
ms. This
wi.ng the
ts and freedo
f the Constitu
h
o
g
ri
y
it
g
v
in
e
g
rd
cessity foUo
a
n
e
g
lo
n
f
e
o
th
t
u
e
o
ir
m
ly
thinking re
le ad
g it s
ed large
cs because peop
mises amon
ti
n was design
li
o
ro
o
ti
p
p
tu
y
m
ti
a
o
s
-d
c
n
o
c
rn
e
ti
C
d
a
e
mo
fpragm
wever. th
red a series o
apoUtJcs. Ho
tu
ia
a
‘t
fe
‘U
it
1
y
d
rr
n
e
a
p
above
vernment,
olutionary go
v
re
t
rs
fi
e
th
f
failure o
Z.5
32
lno
2 • The Conltftvtion and Its Or!C
re th
ent
efo re qui te app rop riat e tha t mo
an 225 yea rs late r the U.S. governm
disp ara te stak eho lde rs. It is therction properly.
fun
to
e
mis
pro
still req uire s com
·
to be wri tten ? What
fication that
How did the Con stit utio n com e
;0:::~ ::~ ~~ yo:ns te th_e rati rem ains a
::~
~::
tJon
add ress es the~e qu es~
r
11u
pte
onst
cha
e
s
Thi
?
law
into
it
de
m~
bvmg, cha ngi ng doc um ent .
~;! JD ~:r e-R ev olu tio na ry Pe
riod an d the Ro ots of the Am
eri ca n Political
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
be able to:
By the end of this section, you will
s regarding representational
an political thought, including idea
eric
Am
in
es
valu
e
cor
the
of
ins
Identify the orig
government
leading 10 the American Revolution
Summarize Great Britain’s actions
den ly eme rge full-blown at the
and self-government did not sud
rty
libe
ing
ard
reg
as
ide
l_
tica
Am eric an poli
stra nds of what bec ame the
nde nce from Britain. The varied
epe
ind
ir
the
d
lare
dec
s
nist
Ocean to Europe. Indeed,
mo me nt the colo
k in lim e and acr oss the Atlantic
bac
far
ng
chi
rea
ts,
roo
y
man
Am enc an rep ubh c had
and form a new nation.
s tha t led the colo nist s to revolt
II was not new Ide as but old one
S
TH E AM ER ICA N CO LO NIE
PO LIT ICA L TH OU GH T IN
nial life.
long been an imp orta nt par t of colo
to the caU for ind epe nde nce had
led
t
tha
es
surely
tud
is
nt
atti
orta
and
efs
imp
t
beli
The
ernment, the mos
ced Am eric an beliefs about gov
uen
infl
who
s
ker
thin
lish
al
Eng
itic
pol
tury
Of all the
ke, a sev ente enth -cen
st significant con trib utio ns of Loc
ch were
Joh n Locke IEig11re 2 2) The mo
ern men t and natural rights, whi
gov
rela tion ship between
the
ing
ard
reg
as
ide
his
e
wer
phi loso phe r,
to life, liberty, and property.
beli eve d to be God-given rights
basis
ightenment. His writings form the
most influential thinkers of the Enl
the
of
one
was
ke
Loc
n
Joh
2.2
FIGURE
for man y modern political ideas.
gnized
The British government had reco
to sug ges t that peo ple had rights.
man
lish
th
Eng
t
Nor
firs
its
the
of
not
ling
was
sett
Locke
zens long before the
rties, and pro per ty of English citi
futu re
its dut y to pro tect the lives, libe
mis e 10 his sub ject s tha t he and
pro
ed Magna Car ta-a
sign
n
Joh
g
Kin
.
5,
121
In
.
nies
ple
Am eric an colo
al to harm, the peo of England
that har med , or had the pot enti
ons
acti
tain
cer
of
one
from
e,
ain
mpl
refr
mo nar chs would
life, liberty, and property. For exa
y pro visi ons are pro tect ion s for
ned … or in any way
Pro min ent in Magna Car ta’s man
free men shaU be taken, impriso
“No
es,
mis
pro
ses
clau
ous
h it took a long tim e
the doc um ent ‘s mo st fam
or by the law of the land.” Althoug
rs
pee
his
of
ent
gm
jud
ful
law
h
des troy ed … exc ept by the
foundation for the Fifth and Sixt
ces s to form, this clau se lays the
pro
due
ing
English
ard
the
lo
reg
as
only
s
ide
n
ion
der
tect
for mo
d lo gra nt pro
. While Magna Carta was inte nde
tion
stitu
jects,
Con
sub
U.S.
lish
the
Eng
to
ts
ion,
men
olut
Am end
American Rev
Joh n in 121 5, by the time of the
g
Kin
inst
aga
n of
olt
me
rev
for
in
e
rty
wer
libe
of
bar ons who
a cor ner ston e
com e to reg ard the doc um ent as
had
a.
eric
Am
th
Nor
in
and
bot h in England
Ac _. for “-a top ens tu.o
t1.
in g John
I
ple h
u t rhe peo
in 1 2 1 5 , b
a d a c tu a
ed
ll y possess
een c o u ld
k in g o r qu
re
tu
fu
r
a
o u ld n e v e
in theory,
n s- a ri
n d th u s c
a
ing, and,
k
d
o
e
a ll st a ti o
G
th
y
y
b
b
d
ranred
e n g ra n te
re then.
a d been g
r. b a d b e
lo n g befo
na Carta h
reated.
ag
d, howeve
c
e
y
M
b
e
y
ri
b
th
c
s
s
d
s ty
e
n
ed
p ro te c te
in st it u ti o
tu a rt d y n a
h ts Lock
T h e ri g h ts
e royal S
o r b y th e
a tu ra l ri g
th
s,
n
e
li k e d
n
e
n
e
is
h
o
h
d
l
T
w
y
a
.
d
away
eve.n roy
g h ts th a t
s II, a lr e a
take th e m
n a tu ra l ri
a n beings,
in g Jame
r
K
m
se
e
u
e
d
h
h
e
th
d
v
y
f
n
o
b
o
a
hed
a u g h te r
m e n t rem
ro te c ti o n
be abolis
testant d
d th e
ry, Parlia
h to th e p
e n t passe
nth centu
e d h is Pro
th e B ri ti s
e
it
v
re
te
n
e.
in
e
w
d
a
v
n
d
e
P
a
s
le
r, rl ia m
n
e
il
o
ve
th
m
ti
e
on’s
m
lu
w
ti
in
o
o
o
a
c
h
n
m
So
ed by a
pon the
n d Mary,
lorious Rev
in tr u d e u
n s possess
W il li a m a
o
c. in the G
h
to
ti
li
c
e
lis
o
h
g
n
te
n
at
ro
began to
ro
E
C
f
p
th
man
ie s and
ri g h ts o
.ring th e
e was Ro
ra te d the
ft b e li b e rt
efore offe
e
ly
o
B
d
m
.
st
n
u
n
li
b e c a u se h
u
n
io
e
a
fo
at
s,
is
n
ould p ro
cke’s idea
l o fr ig h ts
10 ru le the
cument w
c e d b y Lo
6 8 9 . A bil
husband
y. T h is d o
y in n u e n
ights in 1
rt
il
e
v
R
p
f
a
o
e
ro
l
h
p
il
,
d
B
ights
English
liberty, a n
h B il l o f R
invested
ts to life,
h e Englis
yone who
teed ri g h
n
ra
a
citizens. T
u
g
ts
Locke, a n
h .
ly
it
ig
to
c
R
g
li
f
th e
p
in
o
r
x
l
rd
e
il
fo
B
e
nd
hts. A c c o
.
w e re fre
ution a n d
citizens a
p e rt y rig
tu re th a t
u n d a field
ro
. Constit
a
p
n
.S
f
ro
f
U
a
o
o
t
e
s
p
ce
th
rt
e
n
c
a
fe
n
p
r
o
a
e
c
g
s
th
in
e’
o
d
in n u e n c e
il
d Lock
, o r bu
als, a n d
take from
a ls o share
r example
ater, a n im
ir righr to
colonists
g trees, fo
forests, w
,
ed o f th e
in
d
v
ll
n
ri
perty. a n d
u
p
/a
c
e
ro
e
y
d
p
American
h
b
e
,
-t
re
ir
s needed
th e rs we
ommons
t to a c q u
a
o
c
h
t
e
g
se
a
e
ri
th
th
e
th
tl y
h
f
in
th
c
la b o r
in e d g re a
u ld have
ke so m u
a s much o
men re m a
e c o u ld ta
ig h t take
m a le s s h o
o
n
e
o
w
-m
it
f
o
g
h
o
n
t
in
W
ts
a
k
e
h
ta
a ll fr e
n was th
(The ri g
ists’ eyes,
re st ri c ti o
p ro re c t it.
th e c o lo n
The o n ly
se
e d u ty to
In
th
ll.
d
e
a
w
h
s
t
were th o
a
n
ons
o v e rn m e
h A m e ri c a
g
,
rt
d
o
th e c o m m
e
N
f
ir
u
o
f
q
u ti o n o
se tt le rs
d been a c
th e in st it
th e British
ears.)
o n c e ir ha
e believed
fluenced
m
n y m o re y
in
ocke,
a
ti
L
e
m
ar
.
r
th
!b
le
f
fo
s
o
ru
a
d
li m it e
of
o in te d to
u ro p e a n s
ocke’s ide
p
E
L
p
f
a
st
o
o
t
ly
n
ll p o rt io n
M
e
a
a
t.
in
n
iv
fi c e d a s m
o st im p o rt
overnme
d been d
ri
g
m
a
c
nd
f
b
e
a
a
o
s
s
,
th
n
y
se
le
s
e
rt
o
p
p
e
o
Perha
lives, li b e
s and qu
and p u rp
ment. Pe
e o ri g in s
n o f th e ir
, a n d k in g
d govern
o
th
te
ti
od
t.
g
a
c
c
G
in
a
te
re
y
c
tr
b
rd
ro
n
d
a
d
p
s
re g
create
t God, h a
social co
e rn m e n t’
d
had bee.n
m e n t th e
beings, n o
r th e g o v
roken an
m o n a rc h y
hange fo
e ir g o v e rn
at h u m a n
xc
th
th
a c t was b
e
d
d
tr
n
e
in
n
a
z
o
d
ri
c
le
le
o
e
p
e
o
ru
th
rm
e
th
,
e
,
p
fo
ii
b
a
er
d
to
to
n
d
howev
r given
obey an
betwee
c o n se n te
th e p o w e
g re e m e n t
c o n se n t to
dom a n d
y a b u si n g
im p li c it a
ra w th e ir
b
d
is
th e ir free
ts
h
th
h
it
g
d
w
e
ri
s
ll
ir
u
Locke c a
le o f th e
c o u ld th
e p e o p le
ri v e peop
property.
s power
ment dep
terms. Th
s
rn
it
e
y
v
b
o
g
d
n
ld
ri c te d in it
u
st
o
b
re
r
Shou
e
e
b
g
n
ld
lo
c la re
a n d sh o u
nies to de
le were n o
tection.
li b e rt ie s
c a n colo
ir
the p e o p
th e ir pro
ri
e
r
e
th
fo
m
f
t
A
o
n
e
e
people
o v e rn m
ion b y th
blished
o t deprive
a n o th e r g
rs ia l decis
y a n esta
renr o n
t sh o u ld n
n
e ru le d b
c o n tr o v e
e
b
e
m
th
to
lo n is ts in
t
rn
o
n
in
e
c
r
v
se
se
o
to
n
o
g
c
o
t
th
c
a
fa
r
t
g
!b
o
n
f
in
F
a
e
.
e
w
rt
anorher
The b e li
a n im p o
t w o u ld b
e, w it h d ra
a rc h w it h
lives was
r. o n e tha
F o r Lock
n
.
n
o
s’
e
6
n
m
7
e
m
e
7
iz
n
1
m
it
e
o
c
v
in
g
aver
new g o
re p la c in
England
re a ti n g a
ne meant
e n c e from
ti o n a n d c
a
g a new o
n
in d e p e n d
in
w
e
rm
n
fa
a
g
enr and
tablishin
ld govern
eople.
gavernm
p le sh o u
ver th e p
m e a n r es
e B ri ti s h
xercise a
f !b a r peo
wever. ir
e
e
o
h
li
ld
,
s. First, th
e
u
g
n
b
o
n
e
c
io
li
it
th
it
r
ad
to
e
tr
rebel
d
w
f
o
o
te
p
la
ty
e
w n in g
closely re
in a v a ri e
ro p e rt y -o
mited in th
rn m e n t is
nt, a n d p
as rooted
g re a tl y li
e
e
w
v
t
m
o
h
g
id e a o f
ia
g
f
rl
e
u
o
a
o
r
th
ade by P
o m e d to
o li ti c a l th
th e p o w e
m
p
st
it
u
n
re
m
c
a
e
c
c
li
w
a
ri
s
ro
e
re
e
et o f Am
c a n s we
ment. Law
urgesses in
The desir
us, A m e ri
is c o re re n
ouse o f B
h
h
elf-govern
H
T
s
T
f
s
t.
s.
o
it
n
e
e
e
d
lv
e
re
m
h
deg
themse
P ly m o u th
s ro Parlia
ia establis
ll o w fo r a
ttled th e
senrative
ce, V ir g in
enr d id a
g o v e rn
fo r repre
st s who se
ar instan
ti
te
F
governm
.
ra
vo
g
a
ement to
p
in
to
e
re
n
d
S
g
the begin
re allowe
e English
pact, a n a
m
u the
m
th
o
a
o
r.
,
fr
C
t
te
ry
er
n
la
e
tu
m a le s we
w
r
m
a
e Mayno
ri c a a y e
te e n th cen
th
e
h
ve g o v e rn
d
ti
m
ig
e
ta
re
A
n
o
e
h
ts.
e
1
rt
th
th
s
is
o
repre
ny. By
m p tl y a u
llow colon
rr iv a l in N
o f the colo
rims. p ro
r th e ir fe
n th e ir a
rs
ilg
o
fo
P
te
p
s
o
e
U
w
v
.
th
la
9
le
s
1
16
nown a
y th e m a
ment was
m a k e the
mmonly k
created b
lf-govern
elecred ro
th e la w s
e n were
Colony, co
n ta ti v e se
e
to
m
s
g
h
re
in
ic
p
h
rd
e
w
fr
an.
es acco
dition a
larures to
themselv
olution beg
a n d in g tra
hed legis
erican Rev
is lo n g st
d establis
m
th
a
A
h
ar
e
s
!b
th
ie
,
lt
n
g
in
colo
nists fe
nd the K
erican colo
ia m e n t a
When Am
n s o fParl
o
ti
c
a
e
th
y
atened b
g h t th a t
recogn
h a d been
ized b y K
thre
J4
2 . 111e c
_ ,. ,, _ _
,,.
,i s Orlfl
LUTION
0
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