12 Questions

Description

I need support to answer the 12 questions attached in the file (the answers should be based on referencing- attached is a guide how to answer each question and the indicative content- it should use the HARVARD reference style (Guide Attached)the word count should be 3900 for all the questions

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5HR03
Reward for performance and
contribution
Learner Assessment Brief
Assessment ID / CIPD_5HR03_22_01
Level 5 Associate Diploma in
▪
People Management
Level 5 Associate Diploma
5HR03
Reward for performance and
contribution
This unit focuses on how internal and external business factors influence reward strategies and
policies, the financial drivers of the organisation and the impact of reward costs. It considers the
importance of the role of people practice in supporting managers to make robust and professional
reward judgements and the impact of rewarding performance.
CIPD’s insight
‘Strategic reward’ takes a long-term approach to how an organisation’s reward policies and practices
balance and support the needs of both the organisation and its employees. The concept of ‘total
reward’ covers the tangible and intangible aspects of work that people value and may form part of a
reward strategy.
https://www.cipd.co.uk/knowledge/strategy/reward/strategic-total-factsheet
Performance management is about creating a culture which encourages the continuous
improvement of individuals’ skills, behaviours and contributions to the organisation. It’s a key part of
the relationship between staff and managers. Views on how it should be carried out to the benefit of
employees and the business have changed in recent years. Here you’ll find resources on managing
performance, appraisal and reviews, feedback and using competency frameworks.
https://www.cipd.co.uk/knowledge/fundamentals/people/performance
14 Jan 2022
Making reward more accessible and performance management fairer
How can technology be used to allow better access to pay and a fairer assessment of employee
performance and potential?
https://www.cipd.co.uk/knowledge/work/technology/digital-transformation-insights/rewardperformance-management
Please note that the purpose of this insight is to link you to CIPD’s research and evidence
within the subject area, so that you can engage with the latest thinking. It is not provided to
replace the study required as part of the learning or as formative assessment material.
2
Level 5 Associate Diploma
Preparation for the Tasks:
▪
Refer to the indicative content in the unit to guide and support your evidence.
▪
Pay attention to how your evidence is presented, remember you are working in the People
Practice Team.
▪
Ensure that the evidence generated for this assessment remains your own work.
You will also benefit from:
▪
Completing and acting on draft feedback from your Assessor.
▪
Reflecting on your own experiences of learning opportunities and continuous professional
development.
▪
Reading the CIPD Insight, Fact Sheets and related online material on these topics as well as
key research authors on the subject.
3
Level 5 Associate Diploma
Scenario
The board at GA Pensions has decided to undertake a review of its reward strategies across the
whole company. It is aware that the way reward is currently being implemented is fragmented and is
causing elements of dissatisfaction amongst employees which is affecting business as well as
employee performance outcomes. In your role as Reward Advisor, the board has asked you to
provide it with a report that gives it an understanding of the context and approaches to reward and
how these might influence a range of organisational and psychological factors. It also needs you to
clarify the role that people professionals have in supporting line managers to make reward decisions.
Task One –Report Section One
To complete the task, you should provide a written response to each of the points below, making
appropriate use of academic theory and practical examples to expand your response and illustrate
key points.
To help the reader, please make use of headings and assessment criteria references to signpost the
assessment criteria being addressed.
1) Evaluate the principles of reward and its importance to organisational culture and
performance management. (AC 1.1)
2) Explain how policy initiatives and practices are implemented. (AC 1.2)
3) Explain how people and organisational performance can impact on the approach to reward.
(AC 1.3)
4) Compare two different types of benefits offered by organisations and the merits of each. (AC
1.4)
5) Assess the contribution of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards to improving employee contribution
and sustained organisational performance. (AC 1.5)
6) Assess the business context of the reward environment. (AC 2.1)
7) Evaluate the most appropriate ways in which benchmarking data can be gathered and
measured to develop insight. (AC 2.2)
8) Explain how organisations use insight to develop reward packages and approaches. (AC 2.3)
TASK ONE
Your evidence must consist of:
▪
▪
Written responses to each of the 8 instructions above.
Approximately 2600 words in total, refer to CIPD word count policy
4
Level 5 Associate Diploma
Task Two – Report Section Two
This task requires you to provide understanding of the role that people professionals undertake in
supporting line managers to make reward decisions.
9) Explain the legislative requirements that impact reward practice. (AC 2.4)
10) Assess different approaches to performance management. (AC 3.1)
11) Review the role of people practice in supporting line managers to make consistent and
appropriate reward judgements. (AC 3.2)
12) Explain how line managers make reward judgements based on organisational approaches to
reward. (AC 3.3)
TASK TWO
Your evidence must consist of:
▪
▪
Written responses to each of the 4 instructions above.
Approximately 1300 words in total, refer to CIPD word count policy.
5
Level 5 Associate Diploma
Assessment Criteria Evidence Checklist
You may find the following checklist helpful to make sure that you have included the required
evidence to meet the task. This is not a mandatory requirement as long as it is clear in your
submission where the assessment criteria have been met.
Task 1 – Report Section One
Assessment criteria
1.1
Evaluate the principles of reward and its
importance to organisational culture and
performance management.
1.2
Explain how policy initiatives and
practices are implemented.
1.3
Explain how people and organisational
performance can impact on the approach
to reward.
1.4
Compare the different types of benefits
offered by organisations and the merits
of each.
1.5
Assess the contribution of extrinsic and
intrinsic rewards to improving employee
contribution and sustained organisational
performance.
2.1
Assess the business context of the
reward environment.
2.2
Evaluate the most appropriate ways in
which benchmarking data can be
gathered and measured to develop
insight.
2.3
Develop organisational reward packages
and approaches based on insight.
Evidenced
Y/N
Evidence reference
6
Level 5 Associate Diploma
Task 2 – Report Section Two
Assessment criteria
2.4
Explain the legislative requirements that
impact reward practice.
3.1
Assess different approaches to
performance management.
3.2
Review the role of people practice in
supporting line managers to make
consistent and appropriate reward
judgements.
3.3
Explain how line managers make reward
judgements based on organisational
approaches to reward.
Evidenced
Y/N
Evidence reference
7
Level 5 Associate Diploma
5HR03
Reward for performance and
contribution
Assessment Criteria marking descriptors.
Assessors will mark in line with the following assessment criteria (AC) marking descriptors, and will
indicate where the learner sits within the marking band range for each AC.
Assessors must provide a mark from 1 to 4 for each assessment criteria within the unit. Assessors
should use the mark descriptor grid as guidance so they can provide comprehensive feedback that
is developmental for learners. Please be aware that not all the mark descriptors will be present in
every assessment criterion, so assessors must use their discretion in making grading decisions.
The grid below shows the range for each unit assessment result based on total number of marks
awarded across all assessment criteria.
To pass the unit assessment learners must achieve a 2 (Low Pass) or above for each of the
assessment criteria.
The overall result achieved will dictate the outcome the learner receives for the unit, provided NONE
of the assessment criteria have been failed or referred.
Please note that learners will receive a Pass or Fail result from the CIPD at unit level. Referral
grades can be used internally by the centre.
Overall mark
Unit result
0 to 23
Fail
24 to 30
Low Pass
31 to 39
Pass
40 to 48
High Pass
8
Level 5 Associate Diploma
Marking Descriptors
Mark Range
1
Fail
Descriptor
•
•
•
•
2
Low Pass
•
•
•
•
•
3
Pass
•
•
•
•
•
4
High Pass
•
•
•
•
•
•
Insufficient demonstration of knowledge, understanding or
skills (as appropriate) required to meet the AC.
Insufficient examples included, where required, to support
answers.
Presentation and structure of assignment is not appropriate
and does not meet the assessment brief.
Insufficient or no evidence of the use of references to wider
reading to help inform answer.
Demonstrates an acceptable level of knowledge,
understanding or skills (as appropriate) required to meet the
AC.
Sufficient and acceptable examples included, where required,
to support answers.
Required format adopted but some improvement required to
the structure and presentation of the assignment.
Answers are acceptable but could be clearer in responding to
the task and presented in a more coherent way.
Sufficient evidence of the use of references to wider reading to
help inform answer.
Demonstrates good knowledge, understanding or skills (as
appropriate) required to meet the AC.
Includes confident use of examples, where required, to support
each answer.
Presentation and structure of assignment is appropriate for the
assessment brief.
Answers are clear and well expressed.
Good evidence of the use of references to wider reading to
help inform answer.
Demonstrates a wide range and confident level of knowledge,
understanding or skill (as appropriate).
Includes strong examples that illustrate the point being made,
that link and support the answer well.
Answers are applied to the case organisation or an alternative
organisation.
Answers are clear, concise and well argued, directly respond
to what has been asked.
The presentation of the assignment is well structured, coherent
and focusses on the need of the questions.
Considerable evidence of the use of references to wider
reading to inform answer.
9
Harvard Referencing Guide
Contents
Overview
P2
1.
What is Referencing?
P3
1.1.
P3
2.
Harvard Referencing
Why Should I Reference?
P4
2.2.
P4
Why use Harvard Referencing?
3.
What Should I Reference?
P5
4.
How Do I Write a Reference List?
P6
4.1.
Books and reports
P7
4.2.
Journal Articles
P9
4.3.
Websites
P13
4.4.
Newspapers
P14
5.
6.
4.5. TV Programmes and Broadcasts
P14
How Do I Write an In-text Citation?
P16
5.1. Referring to or paraphrasing a source
P16
5.2. Directly quoting a source
P17
What is a Bibliography?
P18
Overview
When you begin your research for any assessment, it is important you record all
the information you find. The best way of avoiding plagiarism is to understand how
to Harvard Reference and what makes a well-constructed assessment.
This guide introduces you to Harvard Referencing. The purpose of this document
is to provide an overview of what referencing is, what you should reference, how
to reference different sources and how to write a reference list and Bibliography,
using Harvard Referencing.
Please look to follow the advice below.
Your CIPD Tutors
1. What Is Referencing?
When you begin your research for any assessment, it is important you record all the information
you find. When writing an assessment, you may need to refer to another document written by
another author and to avoid all potential plagiarism claims, or malpractice, we recommend that
you use referencing to signify the elements in your work that have been produced by someone
else.
Referencing covers all material that is included in your piece of work that wasn’t created by you
or doesn’t belong to you, and that could include a wide array of source materials including, but
not limited to, textbooks, journals, websites, videos etc.
There are a number of accepted systems for referencing that you could be asked you to use in
assessments, but there is a general consensus in education that the Harvard referencing
system is the acceptable academic standard that should be used in assessments.
1.1 Harvard Referencing
The origins of Harvard referencing system can be traced back to Edward Laurens Mark (18471946), Hersey Professor of Anatomy and Director of Harvard’s Zoological Laboratory. In 1881,
Mark published a paper on the common garden slug and on page 194 of that paper appears a
parenthetic author-year citation accompanied by an explanatory footnote, the first known use
of the referencing system.
The Harvard system includes author-year information in the main body of the assessment text,
along with a full alphabetical list of resources used throughout the assessment at the end of
the document usually with title “Reference List” or “Bibliography”.
Harvard is a style of referencing, primarily used by university students, to cite information
sources. We would ask you to use Harvard Referencing in your assessments. Two types of
citations are included:
In-Text Citations
These are used when directly quoting,
summarising or paraphrasing a source. They
are in the body of the work and contain a
fragment of the full citation.
Depending on the source type, some Harvard
Reference in-text citations may look
something like this:
Roberts (2020) suggests the chief cause of
plagiarism is uncertainty about how to cite
sources
Reference / Bibliography Lists
Reference Lists are located at the end of the
work and display full citations for sources
used in the assessment.
Here is an example of a full citation for a
book found in a Harvard Reference list:
Roberts, T. (2020) Avoiding Plagiarism,
2nd ed. Boston: Charles River Media.
2. Why Should I Reference?
It is important to reference your work because:
•
Authors have a right to have work they have written credited to them, (cited).
•
If you do not reference material it is presumed you are claiming it as your own and if it
is discovered (through Turnitin or an equivalent originality checking package) that it has
been written by someone else then you may be accused of plagiarism and your work
will be deemed unfit to mark and you may face discipline and further punishment.
•
When your tutor is marking your work they will want to review the materials you are
quoting and if you have correctly quoted your references it will make material easy for
them to find.
✓ There are a number of referencing formats but the Harvard referencing format is
the accepted post-graduate format in most universities and therefore has an
established and recognised pedigree.
✓ Once of the strengths of Harvard referencing is that it provides information clearly
in the reference, and the system makes it easy to give full credit to the original
author for their work, that you have used in your piece of work, in the reference list
at the end of the document and at the exact moment you mention their work in your
assessment. In addition, anyone reading your work will be able to trace the sources
you have used in the development of your work.
✓ Your referencing throughout your assessment and examinations should remain
consistent so if you stick to only one accepted format you will maintain consistency.
3. What Should I Reference?
When writing your assessments, referring to the sources you have used is a requirement.
Sources may include, books, journal articles, websites, newspapers, or any other reputable
resource you have used to research and understand the content your assessment requires you
to write about.
You should provide references or in-text citations when you are:
•
paraphrasing or summarising someone else’s work, theories or ideas.
•
directly quoting from the text of another work.
•
using an idea from someone else’s work.
•
indirectly referring to the text of other works.
•
using tables, diagrams or figures from other sources.
When you are writing an assessment you should use referencing in the text of your
assessment, which is referred to as an in-text citation.
You should then build a reference list/page which includes the details of all sources that you
have cited or directly referred to in your assessment, with these sources arranged in
alphabetical order by authors surname.
Finally, you might include a Bibliography, which is an alphabetical list of all the resources you
have read, including those that you did not directly mention in your assessment i.e. your
background reading.
4. How Do I Write a Reference List?
A reference list is your list of all the sources you have been cited in the assessment. The
list is inclusive showing books, journals, websites:
•
The list should be in alphabetical order by author/editor.
•
Your reference list contains all the items you have cited or directly quoted from.
•
When you have used more than one piece of work by the same author, in your
reference list, you should list the words in date order (beginning with the most recent
published work) and label .
The way you reference is different for each type of source you use. This section of the guide
will be broken down into different types of sources, guidance will be provided on how to
reference for each source. This will allow you to build your reference page.
Example of a reference list:
BURKEMAN, O. (2012) The antidote: happiness for people who can’t stand positive
thinking. Edinburgh: Canongate.
CORFIELD, T. (1998) An evaluation of the introduction and application of personal
development plans at Commercial Union. [Unpublished MSc dissertation]. Sheffield: Sheffield
Business School.
DEPARTMENT FOR WORK AND PENSIONS. (2006) Security in retirement: towards a new
pensions system. [London]: DWP.
GRAYLING, A.C. (2002) The meaning of things: applying philosophy to life. London: Phoenix.
PINK, D. (2010) Drive: the surprising truth about what motivates us. Edinburgh: Canongate.
4.1. Books and Reports
When referencing a book or a report, the pieces of information you need and the order for
referencing is:
1. Authors(s) or editor(s) or organisation(s) responsible for writing or completing the book or
report.
2. Year of Publication.
3. Title and sub-title.
4. Edition, if not the first.
5. Place of publication.
6. Publisher.
Referencing a book should look like this:
Last name, First initial (Year published). Title. Edition. (Only include the edition if it not the first
edition) City Published: Publisher.
To reference a book or report, follow the step-by-step guide below:
Step 1 – Authors(s) or editor(s) or organisation(s) responsible for writing or completing
the book or report.
Write the surname first, followed by the initial.
For example
•
If there is only one author; Stewart, B.
•
If there is more than one author; Stewart, B. Edward, H. Morton, B.
•
If there are four or more authors: Stewart, B. et al.
Step 2 – Year of Publication
The year of publication is the year the book was published. Once the author or editors of the
book’s name have been written, add in the year of publication like this:
For example
•
Stewart, B. (2019)
•
Stewart, B. Edward, H. Morton, B. (2019)
Step 3 -Title and sub-title
Once the year of publication has been added, add the title and subtitle. The title and subtitle
must be written in italics.
For example
•
Stewart, B. (2019) Human Resource Management; HRM in Context.
•
Stewart, B. Edward, H. Morton, B. (2019) Human Resource Management; HRM in
Context.
Step 4 – Edition
Once the title and subtitle has been added, add in the edition. You only need to include the
edition, if the book is not the first edition.
For example
•
Stewart, B. (2019) Human Resource Management; HRM in Context. 3rd Edition.
•
Stewart, B. Edward, H. Morton, B. (2019) Human Resource Management; HRM in
Context. 3rd Edition.
Step 5 – Place of publication
Next, add in the place of publication.
For example
•
Stewart, B. (2019) Human Resource Management; HRM in Context. 3rd Edition.
Oxford.
•
Stewart, B. Edward, H. Morton, B. (2019) Human Resource Management; HRM in
Context. 3rd Edition. Oxford.
Step 6 – Publisher
Once the place of publication has been added, add in the name of the Publisher.
For example
•
Stewart, B. (2019) Human Resource Management; HRM in Context. 3rd Edition.
Oxford; Oxford University Press
•
Stewart, B. Edward, H. Morton, B. (2019) Human Resource Management; HRM in
Context. 3rd Edition. Oxford; Oxford University Press
When referencing a book, remember:
✓ Always cite the author(s) surname in the form in which it appears on the title page.
✓ Sometimes the author is an organisation or government department. This is known
as a corporate author. Always cite the corporate author(s) in the form in which it
appears on the title page. E.g. CIPD
✓ Put “no date” when the publication date is not available.
✓ Always use italics for the title.
✓ Always cite the title which appears on the title page – sometimes this is different from
what appears on the cover.
✓ Always give the full title, including any sub-title information which should appear after
a colon e.g. Human Resource Management; Recruitment and Selection.
✓ If you cannot find the place of publication on the document but you know where the
publisher/body is based it is customary to put the place in square brackets: – [London]
4.2. Journal Article
When referencing a Journal Article, the pieces of information you need and the order for
referencing is:
1. Name of Author(s).
2. Year of publication.
3. Title and sub-title.
4. Title of journal.
5. Volume and issue number.
6. Pages numbers of the article.
Referencing a journal article should look like this:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article title. Journal, Volume (Issue), Page(s).
If the article is online, the reference will look like this:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article Title. Journal, [online] Volume (Issue), pages.
Available at: URL or website [Accessed: E.g. 28/08/2020].
To reference a Journal Article, follow the step-by-step guide below:
Step 1 – Author(s)
Write the surname first, followed by the initial.
For example
•
If there is only one author; Anderson, J.
•
If there is more than one author; Steven, B. Hendry, K. Knight, G.
Step 2 – Year of Publication
The year of publication is the year the journal article was published. Once the author or editors
of the article’s name have been written, add in the year of publication like this:
For example
•
If there is only one author; Anderson, J. (2020).
•
If there is more than one author; Steven, B, Paul, J. Hendry, K. Knight, G. (2020).
Step 3 -Title and sub-title
Once the year of publication has been added, add the title and subtitle. The title and subtitled
must be written in italics:
For example
•
If there is only one author; Anderson, J. (2020) ‘Performance Management’, Human
Resources in Practice.
•
If there is more than one author; Steven, B, Paul, J. Hendry, K. Knight, G. (2020)
‘Performance Management’, Human Resources in Practice.
Step 4 – Volume and Issue Number
Once the titles and subtitle has been added, add in the volume and issue number:
For example
•
If there is only one author; Anderson, J. (2020) ‘Performance Management’, Human
Resources in Practice. Vol. 34 (2)
•
If there is more than one author; Steven, B, Paul, J. Hendry, K. Knight, G. (2020)
‘Performance Management’, Human Resources in Practice. Vol. 34 (2)
Step 5 – Pages numbers of article
Next, add in page numbers.
For example
•
If there is only one author; Anderson, J. (2020) ‘Performance Management’, Human
Resources in Practice. Vol. 34 (2), pp 175-194.
•
If there is more than one author; Steven, B, Paul, J. Hendry, K. Knight, G. (2020)
‘Performance Management’, Human Resources in Practice. Vol. 34 (2), pp 175-194.
If you have accessed an online article, remember to add in the URL or website (Available at:
URL or website [Accessed; E.g. 28/08/2020].
For example
•
If there is only one author; Anderson, J. (2020) ‘Performance Management’, Human
Resources in Practice. Vol. 34 (2), pp 175-194. Available at;
www.humanresourcesjournals/performancemanagement [Accessed. 11th November
2020].
•
If there is more than one author; Steven, B, Paul, J. Hendry, K. Knight, G. (2020)
‘Performance Management’, Human Resources in Practice. Vol. 34 (2), pp 175-194.
Available at; www.humanresourcesjournals/performancemanagement [Accessed.
11th November 2020].
When referencing a Journal Article, remember:
✓ Always cite the author(s) in the form in which it appears in the article.
✓ In the Harvard system the year of publication appears after the name of the author.
✓ Always use italics for the title of the journal.
✓ Always give the full reference to the item including volume, part number and/or month
and year.
4.3 Websites
When referencing a website, the pieces of information you need and the citation order for
referencing is:
1. Name of Authors.
2. Year.
3. Title (in Italics).
4. Publisher.
5. Web address.
6. Date Accessible.
Referencing a website, should look like this:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Article Title. Journal. Publisher. Available at: URL or
website [Accessed: E.g. 17/02/2019].
For example
•
CIPD Staff. (2014). Employment law developments in 2013 and 2014.
Available: http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/employment-lawdevelopments.aspx#link_0. [Assessed 30th July 2014].
When a website doesn’t list a specific author, you can usually find a corporate author to list
instead. This is the organisation responsible for the source:
For example, in this case the corporate author would be Google 2020
•
Google (2020) Google terms of service. Available at:
http//policies.google.com/terms?hl=en-US. [Accessed: 11th May 2020].
When referencing a website, remember:
✓ When a source doesn’t list a specific date of publication, replace it with the words ‘no
date’ in both in-text citation and the reference list.
✓ When a website doesn’t list a specific author, find a corporate author to list instead.
✓ Write the title in Italics.
✓ Include the date you accessed the website.
4.4. Newspapers
When referencing a newspaper, the pieces of information you need and the citation order for
referencing is:
1. Write the Authors(s) name (if there is no authors name, do not include).
2. Year of Publication.
3. Title of the article.
4. Name of Newspaper.
5. Date article published.
Example articles with authors
•
PEACOCK, L. (2013) Premier Inn to create 500 apprenticeships, Telegraph. 14
March.
•
PERLROTH, N. (2013) Researchers find 15 counties using surveillance software.
New York Times. 13 March.
Example articles with no authors
•
Civil servants may transfer to private sector. (2013) Irish Times. 26 July.
•
Howlin faces public battle as unions reveal guarantee. (2012) Irish Independent. 1
June.
4.5. TV Programmes and Broadcast
You may be researching a topic by watching a TV Programme or listening to a radio show that
covers your topic of investigation. If the information is relevant is it possible to include these in
your assessment too.
When referencing a TV Programme and Broadcast, the pieces of information you need and the
citation order for referencing is:
1. The name of the TV Programme/Broadcast.
2. The Year.
3. Title of Programme/Broadcast.
4. Date of Programme/Broadcast.
5. Link to the Broadcast and date accessed.
The reference should look like this:
BBC (2019). Question Time with David Dimbleby – 26th May 2019.
Http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/epoisde/b07ctqxv/question-time. [Accessed on 27/06/2019].
5. How Do I Write an In-text Citation?
There are a number of rules relating to citations depending on the number of authors of
authors of work, and if you are citing a quotation.
The year of publication is given after the name if the author:
5.1. Referring to or paraphrasing a source
When you discuss or refer to a source in the body of your assessment, you should cite the
source in the following way:
If citing one author
•
In a recent report (Taylor, 2002) it was suggested that..
If citing more than one author
•
In a recent report (Taylor and Brown, 2002) it was suggested that…
•
In a recent report (Taylor et al, 2002) it was suggested that…
Where you need to cite more than one work published in the same year by the same
author, you can indicate this as follows
•
In a recent report (Taylor 2002a).
•
In a recent report (Taylor 2002b) etc.
Citing an image/illustration/table/diagram/picture/figure
•
Table illustrating a checklist of information for recruitment and selection methods (Pears
& Shields, 2019, p.21).
•
‘Recruitment and Selection Map’ (Matthews et al., 2010, p135).
Referencing at the end of a paragraph
•
Effective performance management relied on both formal and informal process. It
involves planning, reviewing objectives, setting objectives to business plans and setting
measure of success (Walker, 2015).
5.2. Directly quoting a source
When using a direct quote the pieces of information you need, and the citation order is:
1. Name of Author (Surname, Initial).
2. Year of Publication.
3. Page number.
For example
•
“Equality is the state of being equal”. Said George (Gray, A., 2018, p.20).
If you wish to directly quote the content of a document, the page number(s) should be
included after the date and separate by a comma
•
In a recent report (Taylor and Brown, 2002, p236) it was stated that “…..”
•
In a recent report (Taylor and Brown, 2002, pp, 246-238) it was stated that “…..”
When quoting a discussion in in your text citation from a TV Programme or Broadcast
•
“As stated by the Deputy Prime Minister during BBC Question Time (2019)….”
6. What is a Bibliography?
A bibliography is a detailed list of references cited in your work, plus background readings or
other materials that you may have read but not actually cited.
The items should be in alphabetical order by author and laid out in the same way as items in
your reference list.

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