Description
26 simple questions
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The following data come from the 2018 ANES, pid14 and warmyou, both recoded into 3
categories. One question asked about party identification. The other asked about the
importance of climate change. The results were as follows:
Importance of climate change
Partisanship
Not important
Moderately
important
very/extremely
important
democrat
47
91
287
independent
147
88
176
republican
197
37
149
1. Calculate appropriate percentages and make the resulting table. Round to
ONE’s, i.e., 51, NOT 51.3 or 50.9. DO NOT put in “%” or any extra symbols – just
the number.
Importance of climate change
Partisanship
Not important
Moderately
important
very/extremely
important
democrat
independent
republican
2. Justify your choice of row, column, or total percentages, and describe the
relationship between partisanship and attitudes about climate change from the
table in the preceding question.
3. Suppose a colleague suggests that income of the respondent is a confounding
variable. Could it be a confounding variable? Explain how it might be the real
cause of the DV.
Summary Tables
A scholar will test whether regime type affects performance during a pandemic
event. Consider the following dataset showing Regime Type and COVID cases per
thousand for a sample of 10 countries:
Country
Regime
Type
COVID
Cases Per
Thousand
Brazil
Democracy
107
Canada
Democracy
54
China
Authoritaria
n
1
Cuba
Authoritaria
n
2
Laos
Authoritaria
n
1
Venezuela
Authoritaria
n
4
Rwanda
Democracy
2
South
Korea
Democracy
3
Switzerlan
d
Democracy
110
Zimbabwe
Authoritaria
n
8
4. Which is the IV and which is the DV?
IV:
DV:
5. IV/DV from previous question: EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER TO THE PRECEDING
QUESTION.
6. What are the measurement types of these variables?
Regime Type:
COVID Cases Per Thousand:
7. Make an appropriate summary table to examine the relationship between the two
variables (You can make a table in the response box below). What does the data
say about the relationship between the two variables?
8. Propose a possible confounding variable that could invalidate your findings.
Explain how it might be a confounding variable.
Look at the following article. Which conditions for showing causation are met by
the study as described in the article, and which are not? Explain
9. For: “Study: Delayed Schooling Linked to Increased Risk of Behavioral
Problems”.
Which conditions for establishing causality are met?
Temporal Ordering?
Is this true or false?
10. For: “Study: Delayed Schooling Linked to Increased Risk of Behavioral
Problems”.
Which conditions for establishing causality are met?
Correlation
Is this true or false?
11. For: “Study: Delayed Schooling Linked to Increased Risk of Behavioral
Problems”.
Which conditions for establishing causality are met?
Casual mechanism
Is this true or false?
12. For: “Study: Delayed Schooling Linked to Increased Risk of Behavioral
Problems”.
Which conditions for establishing causality are met?
Eliminate confounding variables
Is this true or false?
13. For: “Study: Delayed Schooling Linked to Increased Risk of Behavioral
Problems”.
Explain why each condition mentioned above is met, or not met in this article?
Look at the following article. Which conditions for showing causation are met by
the study described in the article, and which are not? Explain
14. For: “Early Onset of Drinking Linked to Future Alcohol Abuse
Which conditions for establishing causality are met?
Temporal Ordering
Is this true or false?
15. For: “Early Onset of Drinking Linked to Future Alcohol Abuse
Which conditions for establishing causality are met?
correlation
Is this true or false?
16. For: “Early Onset of Drinking Linked to Future Alcohol Abuse
Which conditions for establishing causality are met?
Causal mechanism
Is this true or false?
17. For: “Early Onset of Drinking Linked to Future Alcohol Abuse
Which conditions for establishing causality are met?
Eliminate confounding variables
Is this true or false?
18. For: “Early Onset of Drinking Linked to Future Alcohol Abuse”.
Explain why each condition mentioned above is met, or not met in this article.
19. Skip
A political scientist is conducting a study on whether dictatorships or
democracies are more effective. She recruits students from large undergraduate
classes to participate in her study. Students come in groups of 10 to an empty
classroom. The students try to find solutions to difficult puzzles. The researcher
tosses a coin to decide if decisions will be made by a vote (democracy) or by one
student who the researcher chooses (dictatorship). After over 2,000 students
have participated, the research finds that the average number of puzzles correctly
solved is higher in the democracies than in the dictatorships.
20. Considering the research design described above, what type of study is this?
21. Considering the research design described above, does this study have high or
low external validity? Explain.
22. Considering the research design described above, does this study have high or
low internal validity? Explain.
23. Considering the research design described above, do you think this study has
measurement validity? Why or why not?
A political scientist is conducting a study on whether dictatorships or
democracies are more effective. She collects data on economic growth in many
various countries, some of which are dictatorships and some of which are
democracies. She chooses countries for her study by choosing from a list of all
200 countries. She uses a coin toss to determine from which countries she will
collect data. At the end of a year, she finds that average economic growth is
greater in dictatorships than in democracies.
24. Considering the research design described above, what type of study is this?
25. Considering the research design described above, does this study have high or
low external validity? Explain.
26. Considering the research design described above, does this study have high or
low internal validity? Explain.
27. Considering the research design described above, do you think this study has
measurement validity? Why or why not?
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