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http://www.ushistory.org/gov/2.asphttp://www.ushistory.org/declaration/documentAfter you have completed the readings answer ONE of the following questions:
How did Enlightenment Era thought to influence the Declaration of Independence? In your answer, be sure to address how political thought evolved during the Enlightenment Era and how those shifts are represented within the Declaration of Independence.
2. Are Enlightenment ideals still relevant as a guiding force in current American society? How so? In your answer, please be sure to address current events and issues. I n order to earn the full 100 points (100%) for this assignment, you must:
Directly and completely answer the discussion question. Clearly and accurately explain your answer based on factual information contained in the assigned readings. (80 points)
Students must respond to at least one fellow student’s posting explaining the reason(s) for their agreement or disagreement, with the arguments that have been presented, in order to get full credit for the discussion. (20 points)
Make sure that all statements are supported with facts from the sites provided.The Enlightenment Era, which lasted from the late 17th to the 18th century, significantly impacted the political thought that influenced the Declaration of Independence. This period was characterized by a focus on reason, individualism, and the rights of citizens, challenging traditional authority and promoting ideas of freedom and self-determination. Several key Enlightenment philosophers played a vital role in shaping these ideas, and their influence is evident in the language and principles of the Declaration of Independence.
John Locke’s Influence: John Locke, an influential Enlightenment thinker, argued for the natural rights of life, liberty, and property. His ideas on the social contract and the right of citizens to rebel against tyrannical governments were especially impactful. Thomas Jefferson, the primary author of the Declaration, drew heavily from Locke’s concepts, replacing “property” with “the pursuit of happiness.” The Declaration’s idea that governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed reflects Locke’s influence.
Montesquieu’s Separation of Powers: The Enlightenment philosopher Montesquieu advocated for separating powers within a government to prevent tyranny. This principle is embedded in the structure of the Declaration, which outlines grievances against the British monarchy’s abuse of power. The document implies that a government should not consolidate power in a single entity and should have a system of checks and balances.
Rousseau’s Social Contract: Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s concept of the social contract asserts that legitimate political authority arises from the consent of the governed, which resonates in the Declaration. The idea that governments exist to secure the natural rights of individuals and can be altered or abolished if they fail to do so aligns with Rousseau’s philosophy. Voltaire’s Advocacy for Religious Tolerance: Enlightenment thinkers like Voltaire emphasized the importance of religious tolerance and freedom of thought. While the Declaration does not explicitly address religion, its emphasis on pursuing happiness and individual liberties reflects the broader Enlightenment ideals of tolerance and freedom of conscience.In summary, the Enlightenment Era had a significant impact on the political thought that shaped the Declaration of Independence. The emphasis on individual rights, social contract, separation of powers, and the right to rebel against oppressive governments reflect Enlightenment principles. The Declaration, with its bold assertion of independence and its articulation of universal human rights, stands as a testament to the enduring influence of Enlightenment ideas on the formation of the United States.
